DOCSLIB.ORG

On Prefixes and Actionality in Classical and Late Latin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On Prefixes and Actionality in Classical and Late Latin Ø ÄÒÙ×Ø ÀÙÒÖ¸ ÎÓк ¼ ´½¾µ¸ ÔÔº ½½¿½¿ ´¾¼¼¿µ ÇÆ ÈÊÁË Æ ÌÁÇÆ ÄÁÌ ÁÆ Ä ËËÁ Ä Æ Ä Ì Ä ÌÁÆ Ö ÚÖÐÒ ×ØÖØ In Early and Classical Latin, we encounter a rich and complex system in which prefixes are used to render verbs telic and to emphasise the beginning or end of a process or of an activity, and in which the opposition between non-dynamicity and dynamicity or between transitivity and intransitivity is expressed by various suffixes. In the perfect there is an opposition between non-dynamic unprefixed verbs and dynamic prefixed ones. In the later centuries this system breaks down, and there is a blurring of the semantic difference between the prefixed and unprefixed verbs and often also of that between the prefixes themselves. New verbs are formed to replace old verbs that have lost their old functions. These changes pervade the whole verbal system in Latin and affect the semantic relationship between the perfect and imperfect tenses. In Romance, the definite and indefinite articles express the functions previously expressed by the various actional forms. ½º ÁÒØÖÓ Ù Ø ÓÒ Verbs and phrases containing a verb express different kinds of actionality. They may, for instance, indicate a non-dynamic State, an atelic Activity, a telic Accomplishment or a momentaneous Achievement.½ In the development from Early to Late Latin there is a gradual change in the way some such ¾ semantic features are expressed. In Early and Classical Latin (ca. 200 – ca. 200 ) there is an opposition between unprefixed verbs indicating an atelic Activity and prefixed verbs used in a telic sense, for instance between Ó ÔÖ×ÙÓ ×Ù ‘try to persuade’ and ‘persuade’ (1a). In Late Latin (ca. 200 –ca. 600 ), however, these semantic oppositions are blurred. Thus Ö× Ó ÎÙÐ Ø in the official translation of the Bible, the so-called Î ,which was revised by St. Jerome around 400 , we may encounter the prefixed ½ See e.g., Vendler (1957; 1967), Comrie (1978, 41ff), Smith (1997, 22ff), Johanson (2000, 55ff), Bertinetto–Delfitto (2000); cf. also Haverling (2000, 22ff). ¾ Such differences are often expressed by derivational features as opposed to aspectual dif- ferences, which tend to be inflectional: see Bybee (1985, 102) and Bybee et al. (1994, 57ff). Ñ Ã¸ ÙÔ!×Ø 1216–8076/03/$ 20.00 c 2003 ÚÖÐÒ 114 Ö ×ÙÓ Ö×ÙÓ Ô in the sense ‘try to persuade’ and the unprefixed in the sense ‘persuade’ (1b): ×Ù!Ó ËØ# Ô!Ö×Ù!Ó (1)(a) 2nd c. : ‘try to persuade’ (e.g., Plaut. 608) — ‘persuade’ ÖÙ (e.g., Plaut. Ì . 200) ×Ù!Ó Ø Ô!Ö×Ù!Ó (b) 4th c. : ‘persuade’ (Vulg. 21.14) — ‘try to persuade’ (e.g., ÙØ# Vulg. Ê 1.18) Ó ÓÑÓ In Early and Classical Latin means ‘eat’ or ‘eat (some) of’ and Ó Ó ‘eat up’ (2a), and means ‘drink’ or ‘drink of’ and means ‘drink Ö× Ó ÎÙÐ Ø up’ (3). But in Late Latin, for instance in the Î , we frequently ¿ ÓÑÓ encounter the prefixed verb in the sense ‘eat, eat of’ (2b): !Ó &ÔØ ÓÑ!Ó (2)(a) 2nd c. : ‘eat, eat (some) of’ (e.g., Plaut. 77) — ‘eat up’ (e.g., Plaut. ÅÓ×Ø. 559) ÓÑ!Ó (!Ò (b) 4th c. : ‘eat (some) of’ (e.g., Vulg. 2.16–17) ))Ó ÇÖØ !))Ó (3) 2nd c. : ‘drink, drink of’ (e.g., Cato . frg. 221) — ‘drink up’ (e.g., Ter. ÀÙØ. 255) These changes are found in the perfectum tenses too. In the earlier periods of Latin the unprefixed perfect tense form Ø Ù means ‘have been silent’ or ‘was ÓÒØ Ù silent’ and the prefixed form ‘have fallen silent’ or ‘stopped talking’ (4a). The earliest dynamic examples of the form Ø Ù ‘stopped talking’ are met with in Late Latin; in the same period we also have some examples of ÓÒØ Ù a hypercorrect use of the prefixed forms, for instance in the sense ‘have been silent’ (4b): ØÙ ÌÖÙ ÓÒØÙ (4)(a) 2nd c. : ‘have been silent, was silent’ (e.g., Plaut. 817) — ‘stopped talking’ (e.g., Plaut. ×Ò. 448) ØÙ ÓÒØÙ (b) 4th c. : ‘stopped talking’ (e.g., Amm. 16.6.3) — ‘have been silent, was silent’ (e.g., Symm. +Ô×Ø. 5.89) In Late Latin—especially in the literary language—the words look very much the same as before, but in several cases their semantic functions have changed. Due to these changes new kinds of word formation are introduced, as well as new ways of using some of the old words. These changes are presumably connected with other changes in the language, for instance in the tense system and in the development of articles in Romance. ¿ See Haverling (1994; 2000, 205ff). See Haverling (1994; 2000, 218ff, 224f). Ø ÄÒÙ×Ø ÀÙÒÖ ¼¸ ¾¼¼¿ ØÓÒÐØÝ Ò Ð××Ð Ò ÐØ ÐØÒ ÓÒ ÔÖ Ü× Ò 115 ¾º Ø ÓÒ Ð ØÝ Ò ÔÖÜ× ÖÓÑ ÖÐÝ ØÓ Ä Ø Ä Ø Ò The changes in the way prefixes express various forms of actionality are clearly Ó¹ × Ó¹ illustrated by the development of the × verbs in Latin. The suffix is very productive in Latin (there are over 700 such verbs from the earliest attesta- tions of the language to after 600 ) and occurs in several different kinds of word formation (5a–f). It is found in some verbs of Indo-European descent Ó ÔÓ× Ó Ù × Ó like ÒÓ× or (5a), in verbs formed from transitive verbs like ÖÑÒ× Ó (5b), in verbs formed from intransitive and dynamic verbs like Ô × Ó (5c), in those formed from non-dynamic verbs like Ö (5d), and in verbs × Ó × ÐÚ× Ó formed from adjectives and nouns like × and (5e–f): ¢ ¢ ¢ ¶¢Ò!# + ¹×¹ ÒÓ×Ó ¶ÔÖ!¹×¹ ÔÓ×Ó (5) (a) ¿ ‘try to get to know’; ‘ask for, demand’ Ó Ù!×Ó (b) Ù! ‘increase, intensify’ — ‘increase, grow’ !ÖÑÒÓ Ô!ÖÑÒ×Ó (c) Ô ‘flow through, seep, percolate’ — ‘seep through gradually, penetrate’ !Ó Ö!×Ó (d) Ö ‘am dry’ — ‘become drier, am drying, dry’ Ù× ×!×Ó (e) × ‘dry’ — ‘become drier, am drying, dry’ ×ÐÚ!×Ó (f) ×ÐÚ ‘forest’ — ‘become like a forest, put forth thick growth, bush out’ The most productive category is (5d), the verbs formed from the statives ¹ which incorporate the Indo-European suffix * ½ . This suffix, which often Ó interrelates in this way with the × -suffix, is found in verbs indicating states which in many other languages are described by an adjective and a verb meaning ‘to be’. Common expressions for ‘is hot’ or ‘is red’ in Early and ÐØ ÖÙØ Classical Latin are simple verbal forms such as and . As the original function of the stative suffix disappears in Vulgar Late Latin and in Romance, such verbs are replaced by the combination of an adjective and the verb ÐØ Ð ÙÑ ×Ø meaning ‘to be’, i.e., ‘is hot’ is replaced by expressions like . ¾º½º Ø ÓÒÐ ØÝ Ò ÖÐÝ Ò Ð×× Ð ÄØ Ò The semantic opposition between atelic unprefixed verbs and telic prefixed ones could be observed in Classical Latin in the way such verbs are used with expressions indicating how long a certain situation lasted or in what length of See Keller (1992) and Haverling (2000, e.g., 137ff); and also Leumann (1977, ï407) and Rix (1998, e.g., 149f, 229f, 245, 442f). ï See e.g., Leumann (1977, ï410.2.c and d), V¨a¨an¨anen (1981, 314) and Lehmann (1995). Ø ÄÒÙ×Ø ÀÙÒÖ ¼¸ ¾¼¼¿ ÚÖÐÒ 116 Ö time a certain result was achieved. We have unprefixed verbs with durative ÑÒ×× temporal expressions like ÙÓ× ‘for two months’ (6a), and prefixed Ñ Ù× verbs with completive temporal expressions like ÕÙ Ò ‘in fifteen days’ (6b): !×Ø (6) (a) ÙÓ× Ñ!Ò×!× ÙØ × ‘that it may be drying for two months’ (Vitr. 5.12.4) Ñ !)Ù× º º º !ÜÖ!×!Ö! ÊÙ×Ø (b) ÕÙÒ! ‘become dry in fifteen days’ (Varro . 1.32.1) Another example of this is found in the use of prefixed and unprefixed verbs with the conjunction ÙÑ meaning ‘while, as long as’ with an unprefixed verb (7a) and ‘until’ with a prefixed verb (7b): ×Ð!×ÙÒØ ØÙÖ)! (7) (a) ÙÑ #! . ‘while these troubles are calming down’ (Ter. 785) ÓÒ×Ð!×ÙÒØ ØÙÖ)! ÅÐ (b) ÙÑ #! . ‘until these troubles calm down’ (Plaut. 583) Ó¹ Common to all of the functions in which the × suffix occurs is the fundamen- tally dynamic and atelic character of the suffix. To express the telic sense, in other words to indicate that a transformation takes place, Early and Classical Latin needs a prefix; for this reason we find in some cases only prefixed verbs, ÓÒØ × Ó ÓÑÙØ× Ó for instance ‘stop talking’ and ‘become dumb’ (8a–b): !Ó ÓÒØ!×Ó (8) (a) Ø ‘be silent, say nothing’ — ‘stop talking’ Ó)ÑÙØ!×Ó (b) ÑÙØÙ× ‘dumb, speechless, silent, mute’ — ‘become dumb, speechless’ In several cases we find an opposition between a non-dynamic verb indicating Ó¹ a State and a prefixed × verb indicating a change from one State to an- ÓÒÓÖÑ × Ó Ø Ó other, for instance ÓÖÑ Ó and ‘fall asleep’ (9a) and and ÓÒØ × Ó ‘stop talking’ (10a). Latin, as opposed for instance to Gothic, usually needs a dynamic suffix to turn a non-dynamic verb into one which indicates a change of this kind; in Gothic the prefix ¹ alone suffices to do ÓÒÓÖÑ Ó this (9b, 10b). The unsuffixed Latin verb means ‘to be fast asleep’ See Haverling (2000, 61ff); cf. e.g., Smith (1997, 27f), Johanson (2000, 61, 64, 73f), Bertinetto – Delfitto (2000, 199ff). See Haverling (2000, 70ff); cf. Hofmann–Szantyr (1965, ïï329–330). See Haverling (2000, e.g., 1, 138, 147, 166–8, 175, 191, 205).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Translation, Migration and Communication in the Roman Empire: Three Aspects of Movement in History Claudia Moatti
    Translation, migration and communication in the Roman Empire: three aspects of movement in History Claudia Moatti, To cite this version: Claudia Moatti,. Translation, migration and communication in the Roman Empire: three aspects of movement in History. Classical Antiquity, University of California Press, 2006, 25 (1), pp.109-140. halshs-00658682 HAL Id: halshs-00658682 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00658682 Submitted on 17 Jan 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. CLAUDIA MOATTI Translation, Migration, and Communication in the Roman Empire: Three Aspects of Movement in History This paper isolates movement as a topic for analysis in Roman imperial history. Movement is regarded under three aspects: translation (of texts, practices, ideas), migration (of oYcials, merchants, students, etc.), and communication (i.e. the movement of written documents). Interrelationships among the three aspects of movement are identiWed and discussed, as are the shared impact of translation, migration, and communication on issues of cultural and social identity and political negotiation and control. The article argues that movement changes the role of the state as well as relations between individual and states, augments the use of writing in society, transforms identities, and gives impulse to internal and external regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neonian Baptistery in Ravenna 359
    Ritual and ReconstructedMeaning: The Neonian Baptisteryin Ravenna Annabel Jane Wharton The pre-modern work of art, which gained authority through its extension in ritual action, could function as a social integrator. This essay investigates the figural decoration of the Orthodox Baptistery in Ravenna, in an effort to explain certain features of the mosaic program. If the initiation ritual is reenacted and the civic centrality of the rite and its executant, the bishop, is restored, the apparent "icon- ographic mistakes" in the mosaics reveal themselves as signs of the mimetic re- sponsiveness of the icon. By acknowledging their unmediated character, it may be possible to re-empower both pre-modern images and our own interpretative strategy. The Neonian (or "Orthodox") Baptistery in Ravenna is the preciated, despite the sizable secondary literature generated most impressive baptistery to survive from the Early Chris- by the monument. Because the artistic achievement of the tian period (Figs. 1-5).1 It is a construction of the late fourth Neonian Baptistery lies in its eloquent embodiment of a or early fifth century, set to the north of the basilican ca- new participatory functioning of art, a deeper comprehen- thedral of Bishop Ursus (3897-96?) (Fig. 1).2 The whole of sion of the monument is possible only through a more thor- the ecclesiastical complex, including both the five-aisled ba- ough understanding of its liturgical and social context. The silica and the niched, octagonal baptistery, appears to have first section of this essay therefore attempts to reconstruct been modeled after a similar complex built in the late fourth the baptismal liturgy as it may have taken place in the century in Milan.3 Within two or three generations of its Neonian Baptistery.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • A Commentary on Jerome's Contra Vigilantium by Amy
    A COMMENTARY ON JEROME’S CONTRA VIGILANTIUM BY AMY HYE OH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Philology with a concentration in Medieval Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Danuta Shanzer Professor Ralph Mathisen Professor Jon Solomon Professor Stephan Heilan, University of Osnabrück ABSTRACT Innkeepers inspired this dissertation. After working on ‘innkeepers’ as a topic for a research seminar paper, I soon discovered that the term caupo counted as an insult according to several church fathers, including Jerome. In the Contra Vigilantium, Jerome mocked his enemy, Vigilantius, by calling him a caupo who mixed water with wine; I wondered whether the title was true and the insult was deserved. What remained was to figure out who this man was and why he mattered. The dissertation is comprised of four parts: introductory chapters, a text with an en face translation, a philological/historical commentary, and appendices. The first chapter introduces Vigilantius, discusses why a commentary of the Contra Vigilantium is needed, and provides a biography, supported by literary and historical evidence in response to the bolder and more fanciful account of W.S. Gilly.1 The second chapter treats Vigilantius as an exegete. From a sample of his exegesis preserved in Jerome’s Ep. 61, I determine that Jerome dismissed Vigilantius’ exegesis because he wanted to protect his own orthodoxy. The third chapter situates Vigilantius in the debate on relic worship. His position is valuable because he opposed most of his contemporaries, decrying relics instead of supporting their translation and veneration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
    The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus ‘A thesis submitted to the University of Wales Trinity Saint David in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy’ 2016 Jillian Mitchell For Michael – and in memory of my father Kenneth who started it all Abstract for PhD Thesis in Classics The Religious World of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus This thesis explores the last decades of legal paganism in the Roman Empire of the second half of the fourth century CE through the eyes of Symmachus, orator, senator and one of the most prominent of the pagans of this period living in Rome. It is a religious biography of Symmachus himself, but it also considers him as a representative of the group of aristocratic pagans who still adhered to the traditional cults of Rome at a time when the influence of Christianity was becoming ever stronger, the court was firmly Christian and the aristocracy was converting in increasingly greater numbers. Symmachus, though long known as a representative of this group, has only very recently been investigated thoroughly. Traditionally he was regarded as a follower of the ancient cults only for show rather than because of genuine religious beliefs. I challenge this view and attempt in the thesis to establish what were his religious feelings. Symmachus has left us a tremendous primary resource of over nine hundred of his personal and official letters, most of which have never been translated into English. These letters are the core material for my work. I have translated into English some of his letters for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Sa nature proveir se volt: A New Examination of Leftward Stylistic Displacement in Medieval French through Textual Domain, Information Structure, and Oral Représenté Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80f2d6jf Author Imel, Brock Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Sa nature proveir se volt: A New Examination of Leftward Stylistic Displacement in Medieval French through Textual Domain, Information Structure, and Oral Représenté By Brock A. Imel A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Romance Languages & Literatures and Medieval Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mairi McLaughlin, Chair Professor Richard Kern Professor Lev Michael Professor Bryan Donaldson, UCSC Summer 2019 Sa nature proveir se volt: A New Examination of Leftward Stylistic Displacement in Medieval French through Textual Domain, Information Structure, and Oral Représenté © 2019 Brock A. Imel Abstract Sa nature proveir se volt: A New Examination of Leftward Stylistic Displacement in Medieval French through Textual Domain, Information Structure, and Oral Représenté by Brock A. Imel Doctor of Philosophy in Romance Languages & Literatures and Medieval Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Mairi McLaughlin, Chair ・・・ Among all the studies performed on medieval French syntax during the last decade, one construction in particular, variously known in the literature as “stylistic fronting” or “leftward stylistic displacement”, has provoked particularly lively debate. Atheoretically conceived, this construction is characterized by the presence of non-subject constituents to the left of the finite verb, such as adjectives, adverbs, nouns, infinitives, past participles, and prepositional phrases.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Free at ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑72‑8 (PDF Edition) DOI: 10.14296/917.9781909646728
    Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange Ravenna its role in earlier medieval change and exchange Edited by Judith Herrin and Jinty Nelson LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2016 (ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑14‑8) This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution‑ NonCommercial‑NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY‑ NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities‑digital‑library.org ISBN 978‑1‑909646‑72‑8 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/917.9781909646728 iv Contents Acknowledgements vii List of contributors ix List of illustrations xiii Abbreviations xvii Introduction 1 Judith Herrin and Jinty Nelson 1. A tale of two cities: Rome and Ravenna under Gothic rule 15 Peter Heather 2. Episcopal commemoration in late fifth‑century Ravenna 39 Deborah M. Deliyannis 3. Production, promotion and reception: the visual culture of Ravenna between late antiquity and the middle ages 53 Maria Cristina Carile 4. Ravenna in the sixth century: the archaeology of change 87 Carola Jäggi 5. The circulation of marble in the Adriatic Sea at the time of Justinian 111 Yuri A. Marano 6. Social instability and economic decline of the Ostrogothic community in the aftermath of the imperial victory: the papyri evidence 133 Salvatore Cosentino 7. A striking evolution: the mint of Ravenna during the early middle ages 151 Vivien Prigent 8. Roman law in Ravenna 163 Simon Corcoran 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Curriculum Vitae
    CILLIAN O’HOGAN University of Toronto Centre for Medieval Studies 125 Queen’s Park, 3rd floor Toronto, ON, M5S 2C7 Email: [email protected] AREAS OF ACADEMIC INTEREST Latin literature, especially poetry written between 300-900; history of the book; comparative approaches to literature and manuscripts in late antiquity and the middle ages; medieval transmission and reception of classical and late antique literature; reception of ancient and medieval literature in 20th- and 21st-century Irish literature; manuscript provenance. EDUCATION 2006-12 Ph.D in Classics, University of Toronto. 2002-06 B.A. (First Class Honours) in Classics, Trinity College Dublin. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY 2018- Assistant Professor of Medieval Latin, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto 2016-18 Assistant Professor without Review in Latin, Department of Classical, Near Eastern, and Religious Studies (CNERS), University of British Columbia. 2015-16 Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Classical Studies, University of Waterloo. 2013-15 Curator of Classical and Byzantine Studies, British Library. 2012-13 Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Classical Studies, University of Waterloo. 2008-12 Part-time course instructor, Department of Classics, University of Toronto. PUBLICATIONS (* = refereed) Book 2016 *Prudentius and the landscapes of late antiquity (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Edited book 2015 S. McKendrick, D. Parker, A. Myshrall, and C. O’Hogan (eds), Codex Sinaiticus: new perspectives on the ancient biblical manuscript (London: British Library Press). Journal articles 2019 *"Thirty Years of the ‘Jeweled Style’" (Review Article), Journal of Roman Studies 109, 305-14. 2014 *"Reading Lucan with scholia in medieval Ireland: In Cath Catharda and its sources", Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 68, 21-49.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LATIN NEW TESTAMENT OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, Spi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, Spi
    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, SPi THE LATIN NEW TESTAMENT OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, SPi The Latin New Testament A Guide to its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts H.A.G. HOUGHTON 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/2/2017, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © H.A.G. Houghton 2016 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, for commercial purposes, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. This is an open access publication, available online and unless otherwise stated distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution –Non Commercial –No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2015946703 ISBN 978–0–19–874473–3 Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.
    [Show full text]
  • AGNELLUS of RAVENNA, Lectures on Galen's De Sectis, (Arethusa Monographs, VIII), Department of Classics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1981, 8Vo, Pp
    Book Reviews W. J. SHEILS (editor), The Church and healing, (Studies in Church History, No. 19), Oxford, Basil Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 1982, 8vo, pp. xxiv, 440, £19.50. This collection of essays represents a thoughtful, stimulating, and generally successful co- operative attempt by medical and ecclesiastical historians to study an important topic, the relationship between the Christian church and healing. As the preface and the last article make clear, religious healing within Christianity is not confined to the past, but has in the last twenty years come to the forefront, even in Anglicanism. A bishop resigning his see to take on a ministry of healing is an event of 1983, not 983. The contributors tackle many aspects of this broad subject - miracles, healing shrines, medical missions, religious and medical attitudes towards various diseases, even a Georgian Archbishop who had trained in medicine, Thomas Secker (who almost had a medieval predecessor in Faritius of Abingdon). Perhaps the most interesting group of articles examines the relationship between religious healing and unorthodox, dissenting or Catholic religious traditions, both in England and abroad. The parallels over the centuries, from Byzantium to modern Ceylon, are close and suggestive, yet the genesis of this collection, papers given at two conferences, does not readily allow for interaction between the speakers. It also points to two major deficiencies, at opposite ends of the historical spectrum. Almost a century ago, the church historian Adolf von Harnack, in a celebrated article on medicine and early Christianity, emphasized that Christianity, from its inception, owed much of its success to its claims to healing.
    [Show full text]
  • War and Conquest in the East and West
    P a g e | 1 War and Conquest in the East and West: The fall of the Roman Empire and its aftermath… Text prepared by Erdal Yavuz Process of regression in the West* Diocletian's reforms The Roman Empire began to be destabilized for the Gaius Aurelius Valerius following main reasons: Diocletianus was emperor a. The end of the Roman Army’s conquests from 284 to 305. Diocletian b. Internal disturbances namely the discontent of brought to an end the the poorer strata of the population resulting in the loss period known as the “Crisis of the bonds of citizenship unity of the Third Century” c. The invasions of the Germanic (1) and other tribes caused by the three from the north and east. simultaneous crises of In earlier periods, the Romans had managed to external invasion, internal disarm the aggressiveness of Franks (2), Germans and civil war and economic other groups and turned them into soldiers and collapse. The changes in the institutions, society, peasants for their own profit to ease the manpower economic life and eventually religion were so crisis in the army and the countryside. profound and fundamental that it is seen as a On the other hand the conquered or neighbouring turning point the between the classical world and tribal chiefs often tried to imitate Roman customs and the early medieval world, or world of late to decorate themselves with Roman titles. They antiquity*During this period of roughly half a appeared not as enemies but as admirers of Roman century, three crises, any one of which alone would institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Helen Kaufmann Research My Main Research Area Is the Latin Poetry of Late Antiquity. I Have Published a Commentary on Dracontiu
    Helen Kaufmann Research My main research area is the Latin poetry of late antiquity. I have published a commentary on Dracontius’ Medea (2006) and various shorter studies. In my two most recent publications, for example, I have explored the endings of the last Greek and Latin mythological epics for indications of the end of the genre and, respectively, analysed different modes of intertextuality in late Latin poetry and compared them to instances of Classical reception in colonial and post- colonial English literature. Currently, I am working on unity in late Latin poetry on links between Dracontius’ poetry and that of his contemporaries in North Africa. i. Main research interests Latin poetry of late antiquity, the reception of Greek and Roman texts and motifs in contemporary literature and life, intertextuality, genre, regional identities, ancient religion, pedagogy ii. Current research projects A Guide to Late Latin Poetry (working title) (a monograph on various aspects of late Latin poetry such as genre, intertextuality, geography, metre, language and style). ‘Wandering poets in the West’ (an article on the well-attested migrations of late Latin poets and their poetic expression) ‘Unity in late Latin poetry’ (an article on how late Latin poetry construct the unity of their works) ‘Dracontius im Kontext der nordafrikanischen Dichtung der Spätantike’ (an article on the intertexual links between Dracontius’ poetry and that of his contemporary North Africans) ‘Companionizing Classics’ (an article comparing ways to preserve knowledge in late antiquity and today) ‘Drawing down the moon: old problems and new perspectives’ (an article on how the reception of ‘drawing down the moon’ in the contemporary English speaking world can point to new interpretations of its meaning in antiquity) iii.
    [Show full text]