DOCSLIB.ORG

Incubating and Hatching Eggs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Incubating and Hatching Eggs EPS-001 7/13 Incubating and Hatching Eggs Gregory S. Archer and A. Lee Cartwright* hether eggs come from a common chicken Factors that affect hatchability or an exotic bird, you must store and incu- W Breeder Hatchery bate them carefully for a successful hatch. Envi- Breeder nutrition Sanitation ronmental conditions, handling, sanitation, and Disease Egg storage record keeping are all important factors when it Mating activity Egg damage comes to incubating and hatching eggs. Egg damage Incubation—Management of Correct male and female setters and hatchers Fertile egg quality body weight Chick handling A fertile egg is alive; each egg contains living cells Egg sanitation that can become a viable embryo and then a chick. Egg storage Eggs are fragile and a successful hatch begins with undamaged eggs that are fresh, clean, and fertile. Collecting and storing fertile eggs You can produce fertile eggs yourself or obtain Fertile eggs must be collected carefully and stored them elsewhere. While commercial hatcheries properly until they are incubated. Keeping the produce quality eggs that are highly fertile, many eggs at proper storage temperatures keeps the do not ship small quantities. If you mail order embryo from starting and stopping development, eggs, be sure to pick them up promptly from your which increases embryo mortality. Collecting receiving area. Hatchability will decrease if eggs eggs frequently and storing them properly delays are handled poorly or get too hot or too cold in embryo development until you are ready to incu- transit. bate them. If you produce the eggs on site, you must care for the breeding stock properly to ensure maximum Egg storage reminders fertility. Egg quality and embryo survival are • Store less than 10 days influenced by hen and sire’s: • Maintain temperature between 55 to 65°F ◆ age ◆ ratio • Keep relative humidity at 75 percent • Turn eggs stored more than a week ◆ health ◆ genetics • Handle eggs with care! ◆ nutrition ◆ stress Cleaning and culling * Assistant Professor and Extension Poultry Specialist, Do not incubate eggs that are cracked, misshapen, Associate Professor and Extension Poultry Specialist, soiled, or unusually small or large. These rarely The Texas A&M University System hatch andcan potentially contaminate the good eggs. Do not wash or wipe eggs with a damp cloth. increase the humidity, place a pan of water in the Doing so can remove the egg’s protective layer storage room. It is the surface area of the water and allow disease and bacteria to enter. It can also influences humidity, not the depth of the water. spread bacteria from one dirty egg to others. Avoid drafts; these can dry the eggs out even when humidity is within the appropriate range. You can gently buff soiled eggs with fine sand paper but this can also damage the egg’s protective Positioning and turning eggs during storage coating. It is best to avoid incubating soiled eggs. If you plan to store eggs for less than ten days General care before incubating, place them on flats with the large end up. You do not need to turn the eggs if Once you have eggs to incubate, avoid damaging they will be incubated within a week of being laid. or contaminating them. Wash your hands fre- You should cover the eggs with a loose material to quently to remove bacteria from your hands. keep them clean. Storage time If you plan to store eggs for more than 10 days, Eggs should be set as soon after you collect them tilt them from side to side over a 90-degree angle as possible. Storing eggs for at least three days once or twice daily. You can do this by placing a helps prepare them for incubation; however, fresh six-inch block under one end of the flat, switching and stored eggs should not be set together. the end of the flat each day until incubation. It is best to incubate eggs within 7 to 10 days of Incubation their being laid. Hatchability decreases rapidly An incubator is basically a box that holds eggs when eggs are stored for more than 10 days. After while maintaining an appropriate temperature, 7 days, hatchability decreases 0.5 to 1.5 percent humidity, and oxygen level. Incubators have vary- per day. Each day in storage adds one hour to the ing capacities and adapters for eggs from different incubation time. species. Temperature and humidity during storage Popular incubator models often include automatic Fertile eggs should be stored between 55 and turners, humidifiers, and temperature controllers. 65°F. If fertile eggs reach temperatures above Egg turners can usually be purchased separately 72°F, embryos will begin to develop abnormally, for incubators that do not include them. Humidi- weaken, and die. Embryos stored below 46°F also fiers can be the type that disperses water vapor as have high embryo mortality. Room temperature is needed or many smaller incubators use a simple generally too warm and the refrigerator is too cold water reservoir. Temperature is controlled by older for storing fertile eggs. If you plan to store eggs in wafer systems or the newer digital thermostats. a refrigerator, adjust it to an appropriate tempera- Incubators come in forced air or still air versions. ture. The temperature and humidity in a forced air Fertile eggs should be stored at 70 to 80 percent incubator is more consistent. They also return to relative humidity. High humidity can cause con- desired temperature and humidity more quickly densation to form on the eggshell. This can clog after being opened. the pores on the eggshell and cause contamination Still air incubators can give inaccurate humidity the same way washing does. Clogging the pores and temperature readings and the temperature in can also suffocate the embryo. them can vary considerably. Whenever possible, Low humidity during storage can make the egg use a forced air incubator. Regardless of incuba- lose internal moisture and kill the embryo. To tor type, for a successful hatch you must turn the 2 eggs and monitor the temperature, humidity, and The day eggs are set ventilation. Let stored eggs warm to room temperature for The incubator should be in a room that has no 4 hours to 8 hours before setting them in the drafts or direct sunlight; the temperature and incubator. If you place cold eggs in a warm, humid humidity should be controlled and stable. The incubator, condensation will form on them and incubator and hatcher should also be isolated lead to possible contamination or suffocation. from the growing facilities. Newly hatched chicks Once the eggs are in the incubator, do not adjust can be contaminated by older birds and the dust the temperature or humidity for a few hours, created by growing birds. Take biosecurity mea- unless the temperature exceeds 102°F. After 4 sures to insure the incubator area is not contami- hours, make proper adjustments. The final tem- nated by older birds. perature should vary only .5 degree above or Chicks may be hatched in the incubator depend- below 99.5°F. The temperature of incubators with- ing on what type it is; however, hatching creates out circulating fans fluctuates more than incuba- large amounts of dust and down. Hatching in tors with circulating fans. If the temperature does a separate unit will keep dust and down from not exceed 102°F, the hatch should not be harmed. contaminating the incubator. Temperature and Set the small end of the egg lower than the large humidity can also be controlled more easily if you end in the incubator. A developing embryo orients use separate units for incubating and hatching. so that the head develops toward the air cell, Regardless of method, you must properly clean which is in the large end of the egg. If the small and disinfect the incubator and hatcher between end is higher than the large end during incuba- batches. tion, a chick’s head can orient away from the air Two to three days before incubation cell of the egg and not hatch. Sanitize the incubator and run it for several days Set stage before setting the eggs. This will ensure that the The set stage refers to incubation period up until incubator is maintaining the proper temperature 2 or 3 days before a hatch. Different species have and relative humidity before the eggs are set. different incubation periods (Table 1). Incubating Adjusting the temperature and humidity after the different species together in the same incubator is eggs are set can decrease hatchability. If you are not recommended, especially if the incubator is using an automatic turner, test it completely before also used as hatcher. setting the eggs. The temperature and humidity of the incubation room should be correct and stable Turning the eggs during incubation prevents when you set the eggs. Do not set the eggs until the embryo death and unhealthy hatches. Eggs must temperature and humidity in the incubators and be turned at least five times every 24 hours. the room are correct and stable. Turning more frequently is better and once per hour is best. Keep accurate records to ensure the Cleaning and fumigation eggs are turned three to five times each 24-hour Microbes in an incubator can significantly reduce period. Failure to turn eggs appropriately results hatchability. Cleaning and disinfecting equipment in embryo death. must be standard operating procedures. Disinfect, Turning must continue even through weekends. incubators, hatchers and their racks with quater- An automatic turner simplifies this task and nary ammonia or a commercial disinfectant after decreases human error during the incubation each hatch. process. 3 Table 1. Incubation period to hatch time and when to transfer to hatcher.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Homestead Poultry Feed Brochure
    PREMIUM QUALITY NUTRITION ® Mankato, MN 56001 www.HomesteadPoultryFeed.com www.facebook.com/homesteadpoultryfeeds W5191 Formulated to Produce Top-Quality Birds DUCKS & GEESE Waterfowl need somewhat less heat than chickens. In their rst week of life, their environment should be heated to 90º F. This temperature can be lowered in ve-degree increments each week until their fth week, after which they are usually ready to live without supplemental heat. Bedding Do not use wood shavings for birds less than two weeks old, as they are more likely to consume the shavings and get blocked up. Try to avoid using slick surfaces like newspapers; if you must use them, spread paper towels over the newspapers for the rst few days. Since they are so unsteady at rst, goslings are prone to a condition called splay-leg, or spraddle legs, so it is important for them to have good footing immediately after hatching. During warm weather, spending some time walking on grass each day can be very good for their legs — plus, they'll begin eating grass. Water A constant supply of fresh water is necessary for ducklings and goslings. For the rst week, a chick waterer works well. After that, however, they are too large to submerge their heads and clean their faces in the water, which all waterfowl must be able to do. ® Avoid using a bowl of water. Here’s why: First, ducklings and goslings may walk in their drinking water and/or leave droppings in it. Second, if they stay wet, they may catch a fatal cold. Provide a waterer that is deep enough for older ducklings and goslings Homestead Poultry Feeds to submerge their heads in but not deep enough for them to get inside or tip over.
    [Show full text]
  • Than a Meal: the Turkey in History, Myth
    More Than a Meal Abigail at United Poultry Concerns’ Thanksgiving Party Saturday, November 22, 1997. Photo: Barbara Davidson, The Washington Times, 11/27/97 More Than a Meal The Turkey in History, Myth, Ritual, and Reality Karen Davis, Ph.D. Lantern Books New York A Division of Booklight Inc. Lantern Books One Union Square West, Suite 201 New York, NY 10003 Copyright © Karen Davis, Ph.D. 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of Lantern Books. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data For Boris, who “almost got to be The real turkey inside of me.” From Boris, by Terry Kleeman and Marie Gleason Anne Shirley, 16-year-old star of “Anne of Green Gables” (RKO-Radio) on Thanksgiving Day, 1934 Photo: Underwood & Underwood, © 1988 Underwood Photo Archives, Ltd., San Francisco Table of Contents 1 Acknowledgments . .9 Introduction: Milton, Doris, and Some “Turkeys” in Recent American History . .11 1. A History of Image Problems: The Turkey as a Mock Figure of Speech and Symbol of Failure . .17 2. The Turkey By Many Other Names: Confusing Nomenclature and Species Identification Surrounding the Native American Bird . .25 3. A True Original Native of America . .33 4. Our Token of Festive Joy . .51 5. Why Do We Hate This Celebrated Bird? . .73 6. Rituals of Spectacular Humiliation: An Attempt to Make a Pathetic Situation Seem Funny . .99 7 8 More Than a Meal 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury and Selenium Contamination in Waterbird Eggs and Risk to Avian Reproduction at Great Salt Lake, Utah
    Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mercury and Selenium Contamination in Waterbird Eggs and Risk to Avian Reproduction at Great Salt Lake, Utah Open-File Report 2015–1020 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Franklin’s gulls nesting at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Great Salt Lake, Utah. Photograph taken by Josh Ackerman in 2012. Mercury and Selenium Contamination in Waterbird Eggs and Risk to Avian Reproduction at Great Salt Lake, Utah By Joshua T. Ackerman, Mark P. Herzog, C. Alex Hartman, John Isanhart, Garth Herring, Sharon Vaughn, John F. Cavitt, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Howard Browers, Chris Cline, and Josh Vest Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Open-File Report 2015–1020 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Embryonic Exposure to Oestrogen Causes Eggshell Thinning and Altered Shell Gland Carbonic Anhydrase Expression in the Domestic Hen
    REPRODUCTIONRESEARCH Embryonic exposure to oestrogen causes eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression in the domestic hen C Berg, A Blomqvist1, L Holm1, I Brandt, B Brunstro¨m and Y Ridderstra˚le1 Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyva¨gen 18 A, 753 36 Uppsala, Sweden and 1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7045, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Correspondence should be addressed to C Berg; Email: [email protected] Abstract Eggshell thinning among wild birds has been an environmental concern for almost half a century. Although the mechanisms for contaminant-induced eggshell thinning are not fully understood, it is generally conceived to originate from exposure of the laying adult female. Here we show that eggshell thinning in the domestic hen is induced by embryonic exposure to the syn- thetic oestrogen ethynyloestradiol. Previously we reported that exposure of quail embryos to ethynyloestradiol caused histo- logical changes and disrupted localization of carbonic anhydrase in the shell gland in the adult birds, implying a functional disturbance in the shell gland. The objective of this study was to examine whether in ovo exposure to ethynyloestradiol can affect eggshell formation and quality in the domestic hen. When examined at 32 weeks of age, hens exposed to ethynyloestra- diol in ovo (20 ng/g egg) produced eggs with thinner eggshells and reduced strength (measured as resistance to deformation) compared with the controls. These changes remained 14 weeks later, confirming a persistent lesion. Ethynyloestradiol also caused a decrease in the number of shell gland capillaries and in the frequency of shell gland capillaries with carbonic anhy- drase activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumption of Bird Eggs by Invasive
    WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES IRCF& AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 19(1):64–66189 • MARCH 2012 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCED SPECIES FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared HistoryConsumption of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on ofGrenada: Bird Eggs A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 byRESEARCH Invasive ARTICLES Burmese Pythons in Florida . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 1 2 3 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestrisCarla) inJ. Florida Dove , Robert N. Reed , and Ray W. Snow .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1 SmithsonianCONSERVATION Institution, Division ALERT of Birds, NHB E-600, MRC 116, Washington, District of Columbia 20560, USA ([email protected]) 2U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave, Bldg C, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA ([email protected]) . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding the Eggshell Colour Gamut: Uroerythrin and Bilirubin from Tinamou (Tinamidae) Eggshells Randy Hamchand1, Daniel Hanley2, Richard O
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Expanding the eggshell colour gamut: uroerythrin and bilirubin from tinamou (Tinamidae) eggshells Randy Hamchand1, Daniel Hanley2, Richard O. Prum3 & Christian Brückner1* To date, only two pigments have been identifed in avian eggshells: rusty-brown protoporphyrin IX and blue-green biliverdin IXα. Most avian eggshell colours can be produced by a mixture of these two tetrapyrrolic pigments. However, tinamou (Tinamidae) eggshells display colours not easily rationalised by combination of these two pigments alone, suggesting the presence of other pigments. Here, through extraction, derivatization, spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we identify two novel eggshell pigments: yellow–brown tetrapyrrolic bilirubin from the guacamole- green eggshells of Eudromia elegans, and red–orange tripyrrolic uroerythrin from the purplish-brown eggshells of Nothura maculosa. Both pigments are known porphyrin catabolites and are found in the eggshells in conjunction with biliverdin IXα. A colour mixing model using the new pigments and biliverdin reproduces the respective eggshell colours. These discoveries expand our understanding of how eggshell colour diversity is achieved. We suggest that the ability of these pigments to photo- degrade may have an adaptive value for the tinamous. Birds’ eggs are found in an expansive variety of shapes, sizes, and colourings 1. Te diverse array of appearances found across Aves is achieved—in large part—through a combination of structural features, solid or patterned colorations, the use of two diferent dyes, and diferential pigment deposition. Eggshell pigments are embedded within the white calcium carbonate matrix of the egg and within a thin outer proteinaceous layer called the cuticle2–4. Tese pigments are believed to play a key role in crypsis5,6, although other, possibly dynamic 7,8, roles in inter- and intra-species signalling5,9–12 are also possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Proform Poultry Feeding Program
    ProForm Poultry Feeding Program This ProForm® Poultry Feeding Program is available at Hi-Pro Feeds’ dealers in British Columbia excluding the Peace River and East Kootenay regions. Laying Hens for Eggs Age Product ID Product Average Feed Intake Feeding Hen/Chick Scratch 1st egg or 190481 18% All Purpose Laying Poultry Pellets 105 g/day 18 - 40 weeks • Hen/Chick Scratch is a mixture of corn, oats and wheat. 40+ weeks 190641 16% Laying Pellets 115 g/day • It is not a balanced diet, and birds may develop nutritional deficiencies if they are fed scratch alone. Pullets Raised to be Laying Hens (*also available in non-medicated) • Scratch can be used as a treat, but should be fed at no more than 5% of the bird’s daily diet (ex: max of 5-6 g/day Age Product ID Product Average Feed Intake for a mature hen). 0 - 6 weeks 190101 *22% Poultry Starter Crumbles (Medicated) 35 g/day 190461 18% Poultry Grower Crumbles (Medicated) or 6 - 14 weeks 65 g/day 190301 18% All Purpose Laying Poultry Crumbles Note on Medicated Feeds 14 weeks - 1st egg 190751 16% Poultry Grower Crumbles 75 g/day Poultry feeds containing medication help prevent coccidiosis, a disease which can cause lost productivity, poor health and Broiler Birds for Meat (*also available in non-medicated) mortality in your flock. Birds build immunity to coccidiosis over time so medication is not required in older birds. Medication Age Product ID Product Average Feed Intake should not be fed to laying hens that are producing eggs. Read and follow the instructions on your feed tag if you’re 0 - 21 days 190101 *22% Poultry Starter Crumbles (Medicated) 50 g/day feeding a medicated feed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of Anseriformes Based on Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (2002) 339–356 www.academicpress.com A molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on mitochondrial DNA analysis Carole Donne-Goussee,a Vincent Laudet,b and Catherine Haanni€ a,* a CNRS UMR 5534, Centre de Genetique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, Ba^t. Mendel, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France b CNRS UMR 5665, Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 45 Allee d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Received 5 June 2001; received in revised form 4 December 2001 Abstract To study the phylogenetic relationships among Anseriformes, sequences for the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) were determined from 45 waterfowl representing 24 genera, i.e., half of the existing genera. To confirm the results based on CR analysis we also analyzed representative species based on two mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). These data allowed us to construct a robust phylogeny of the Anseriformes and to compare it with existing phylogenies based on morphological or molecular data. Chauna and Dendrocygna were identified as early offshoots of the Anseriformes. All the remaining taxa fell into two clades that correspond to the two subfamilies Anatinae and Anserinae. Within Anserinae Branta and Anser cluster together, whereas Coscoroba, Cygnus, and Cereopsis form a relatively weak clade with Cygnus diverging first. Five clades are clearly recognizable among Anatinae: (i) the Anatini with Anas and Lophonetta; (ii) the Aythyini with Aythya and Netta; (iii) the Cairinini with Cairina and Aix; (iv) the Mergini with Mergus, Bucephala, Melanitta, Callonetta, So- materia, and Clangula, and (v) the Tadornini with Tadorna, Chloephaga, and Alopochen.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds and Mammals)
    6-3.1 Compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals... and vertebrate animals (...birds and mammals). Also covers: 6-1.1, 6-1.2, 6-1.5, 6-3.2, 6-3.3 Birds and Mammals sections More Alike than Not! Birds and mammals have adaptations that 1 Birds allow them to live on every continent and in 2 Mammals every ocean. Some of these animals have Lab Mammal Footprints adapted to withstand the coldest or hottest Lab Bird Counts conditions. These adaptations help to make Virtual Lab How are birds these animal groups successful. adapted to their habitat? Science Journal List similar characteristics of a mammal and a bird. What characteristics are different? 254 Theo Allofs/CORBIS Start-Up Activities Birds and Mammals Make the following Foldable to help you organize information about the Bird Gizzards behaviors of birds and mammals. You may have observed a variety of animals in your neighborhood. Maybe you have STEP 1 Fold one piece of paper widthwise into thirds. watched birds at a bird feeder. Birds don’t chew their food because they don’t have teeth. Instead, many birds swallow small pebbles, bits of eggshells, and other hard materials that go into the gizzard—a mus- STEP 2 Fold down 2.5 cm cular digestive organ. Inside the gizzard, they from the top. (Hint: help grind up the seeds. The lab below mod- From the tip of your els the action of a gizzard. index finger to your middle knuckle is about 2.5 cm.) 1. Place some cracked corn, sunflower seeds, nuts or other seeds, and some gravel in an STEP 3 Fold the rest into fifths.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Goose Control
    CANADA GOOSE CONTROL LEGAL AND EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR DEALING WITH NUISANCE CANADA GEESE IN GEORGIA ABOUT THE CANADA GOOSE When sounds of their “honking” fill the air, hunters and wildlife enthusiasts look to the sky in search of Canada geese (Branta canadensis). These remarkable birds have become more common in Georgia, and in some areas they have developed into pests. The Canada goose is extremely adaptable and can live in a variety of locations, from open farmland and rural reservoirs to suburban and urban ponds, parks and developed areas. For this reason, geese are often found in areas heavily used by people. Geese grazing on lawns, golf courses, recreation areas and agricultural fields or leaving behind a collection of feathers or feces in unwanted areas are among the leading complaints the Department of Natural Resources’ Wildlife Resources Division (WRD) receives about geese each year. Although WRD has established a hunting season for Canada geese, these birds can sometimes continue to be a nui- sance in some areas. Despite that, it is important to re- member that Canada geese are a protected species under state and federal law. It is illegal to hunt, kill, sell, purchase or possess Canada geese except according to Georgia's mi- gratory bird regulations. The following guidelines provide legal means to help repel Canada geese. This can be a trial and error process requiring patience and persistence. The best way to prevent issues is to take early action. Suggestions and methods are detailed below. PHYSICAL BARRIERS Because geese usually walk from water to feeding areas, physical barriers are effective tools for solving many nuisance goose problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinchin' Pennies in the Kitchen -- Tips and Recipes for Preparing Goose FN1734
    NDSUNDSU EXTENSION EXTENSION SERVICE SERVICE FN1734 (Reviewed May 2019) Tips and Recipes for Preparing Goose Using game birds in your menus adds variety to your diet. Consider these tips as you expand your menu options to include game birds such as goose. Tip 1. Goose is considered a “white” meat and has Tip 5. Thaw and freeze a similar taste and texture to pheasant, duck, chicken game birds safely. or turkey, so they can be used interchangeably. • Thaw frozen meat in the Tip 2: Game meat usually has less fat, which means refrigerator in their original it tends to be dry. To compensate, use in soups and wrapping on the lowest stews, bake in oven bags, or marinate before cooking shelf. as a fillet or stir-fry. • For faster thawing, place meat in waterproof wrapping Tip 3. To keep as many juices as possible inside in cold water and change the meat, use tongs instead of a fork when cooking, the water as needed to keep and let it “rest” on a covered plate for five minutes the temperature cold. before slicing against the grain to keep meat tender. • Freeze meat in meal-size Tip 4. Handle game birds safely. pieces and packages. • Store raw wild game in the refrigerator below 40 F for Place a double layer of up to two days or freeze for longer storage. Properly freezer wrap between wrapped game birds can be stored in the freezer for individual pieces. up to six months for best quality. • Remove all air from packaging before freezing • Be sure to keep game birds outside the “danger zone” to maintain quality.
    [Show full text]