Industri Pembekalan Elektrik Di Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia
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INDUSTRI PEMBEKALAN ELEKTRIK DI MALAYSIA ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA MAKLUMAT PRESTASI DAN STATISTIK PERFORMANCE AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION 2011 CETAKAN PERTAMA | FIRST PUBLISHED [2013] © Hakcipta terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana bahagian isi kandungan buku ini dalam apa jua bentuk dan dengan apa cara pun sama ada secara elektronik, fotokopi, mekanik, rakaman atau lain-lain sebelum mendapat izin bertulis dari Suruhanjaya Tenaga. © All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or any part of this publication via electronic, mechanical, recording or other medium is strictly prohibited without written consent from the Energy Commission. DITERBITKAN OLEH | PUBLISHED BY: SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION) No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Precinct 2, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia Tel: (03) 8870 8500 Faks | Fax: (03) 8888 8637 Bebas Tol | Toll Free: 1-800-2222-78 (ST) Emel | Email: [email protected] www.st.gov.my ISSN 2289-3741 ST (P) 07/07/2013 DICETAK DI MALAYSIA | PRINTED IN MALAYSIA Data dan maklumat yang terkandung di dalam buku laporan The data and information in this report represent a fair and ini memberi gambaran yang munasabah dan saksama bagi reasonable overview of the whole electricity supply industry. Every keseluruhan industri pembekalan elektrik di negara ini. Segala effort has been made to verify, validate and accurately represent usaha telah diambil untuk memastikan semua maklumat yang the information in this report, based on the daily, monthly and terkandung di dalam laporan ini telah disahkan kesahihannya yearly reports which were submitted by licensees pursuant to berdasarkan laporan harian, bulanan dan tahunan yang dihantar their licence conditions. As for Sarawak, information on the oleh pemegang-pemegang lesen sebagaimana termaktub di performance and statistics of utility in the state were submitted by bawah syarat-syarat lesen. Manakala bagi negeri Sarawak, Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) based on the request by the Energy maklumat mengenai statistik dan prestasi utiliti di dalam negeri Commission (EC). tersebut dikemukakan oleh Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) mengikut permintaan Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST). The EC in good faith publishes this information for the consumption of the general public, in line with its function stipulated under the ST dengan niat yang baik menerbitkan laporan ini untuk kegunaan Act. EC disclaims all or any responsibility whatsoever to anyone orang awam, sejajar dengan fungsi yang ditetapkan di bawah for information contained in this report or for any representation or Akta. ST menafikan semua atau apa-apa jua tanggungjawab statement herein, whether expressed or implied, or for any replies kepada sesiapa sahaja untuk maklumat yang terkandung di dalam given in response to any queries in relation to this report. laporan ini atau bagi apa-apa representasi atau kenyataan di sini, sama ada secara tersurat atau tersirat, atau untuk apa-apa jawapan yang diberikan sebagai maklumbalas kepada sebarang pertanyaan berhubung dengan laporan ini. 2 ISI KANDUNGAN CONTENTS • Ringkasan Eksekutif 03 Executive Summary • Profil Negara 08 Country Profile • Peta Malaysia 09 Map of Malaysia A. Sorotan Prestasi Performance Highlights 1. Prestasi Pembekalan dan Perkhidmatan Elektrik di Semenanjung Malaysia 12 Performance of Electricity Supply and Services in Peninsular Malaysia 2. Prestasi Pembekalan dan Perkhidmatan Elektrik di Sabah 33 Performance of Electricity Supply and Services in Sabah 3. Prestasi Pembekalan dan Perkhidmatan Elektrik di Sarawak 41 Performance of Electricity Supply and Services in Sarawak B. Harga Elektrik Electricity Price 1. Tarif Elektrik di Malaysia 46 Electricity Tariff in Malaysia 2. Purata Harga Jualan 56 Average Selling Price 3. Kos-Kos Penjanaan 57 Generation Costs C. Maklumat dan Statistik Industri Industry Information and Statistics 1. Maklumat dan Statistik Industri di Semenanjung Malaysia 60 Industry Information and Statistics in Peninsular Malaysia 2. Maklumat dan Statistik Industri di Sabah 68 Industry Information and Statistics in Sabah 3. Maklumat dan Statistik Industri di Sarawak 74 Industry Information and Statistics in Sarawak 4. Senarai Pengagih Elektrik di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Sabah 77 List of Electricity Distributors in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah 5. Ringkasan Industri Pembekalan Elektrik di Malaysia 97 Summary of Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia • Lokasi Stesen Jana Kuasa Utama dan Sistem Grid di Semenanjung Malaysia 101 Location of Major Power Stations and Grid System in Peninsular Malaysia • Lokasi Stesen Jana Kuasa Utama dan Sistem Grid di Sabah 102 Location of Major Power Stations and Grid System in Sabah • Lokasi Stesen Jana Kuasa Utama dan Sistem Grid di Sarawak 103 Location of Major Power Stations and Grid System in Sarawak MAKLUMAT PRESTASI DAN STATISTIK PERFORMANCE AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION 3 RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Prestasi Sistem Pembekalan Elektrik di Performance of Electricity Supply System in Semenanjung Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia Sistem Penjanaan Generation System Pada tahun 2011, keseluruhan loji-loji jana kuasa di In 2011, overall, power plants in Peninsular Malaysia showed Semenanjung Malaysia menunjukkan peningkatan an increase in thermal efficiency. This was contributed by kecekapan thermal. Peningkatan ini disumbangkan oleh coal power plants which recorded high thermal efficiencies loji jana kuasa arang batu yang mencatatkan kecekapan as they were operated at full loads due to constraints in gas thermal yang tinggi kerana beroperasi pada tahap supply. In principle, high thermal efficiency can be achieved maksimum berikutan kekangan bekalan gas. Secara if a power plant operates at full load. The shortage in gas prinsipnya, apabila sesebuah loji jana kuasa beroperasi supply also led to decreasing overall thermal efficiency in pada tahap maksimum, kecekapan thermalnya akan turut conventional power plants based on gas/oil. meningkat. Disebabkan kekangan gas tersebut, kecekapan thermal secara keseluruhan di loji jana kuasa konvensional Another factor that acts as a benchmark for performance in thermal berasaskan gas/minyak telah berkurang. power supply is the Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF). In 2011, open cycle and hydro power plants recorded a higher Faktor lain yang menjadi penanda aras prestasi pembekalan EAF of more than 90%. For combined-cycle power plants, elektrik ialah Faktor Kesediaan Setara (EAF). Pada tahun EAF was low, contributed by frequent changeover from gas 2011, stesen jana kuasa kitar terbuka dan hidro merekodkan to distillate, apart from other factors including the failures pencapaian EAF yang tinggi melebihi 90%. Bagi loji kitar of changeover system and frequent maintenance activities. padu pula, EAF adalah rendah berikutan kekerapan proses tukar ganti daripada gas kepada distillate, kegagalan sistem Overall, Equivalent Unplanned Outage Factor (EUOF) for tukar ganti serta perlaksanaan aktiviti penyenggaraan yang coal and conventional power plants has increased. Power kerap. plants that operated exceeding the normal hours due to shortage in gas supply experienced frequent breakdown Keseluruhannya, terdapat peningkatan Faktor Henti Tugas because of boiler tube leaks and turbine high vibration. Tidak Berjadual Setara (EUOF) bagi stesen jana kuasa The repair works were time consuming, which resulted in berasaskan arang batu dan konvensional. Ini disebabkan increase in EUOF. operasi lebih masa loji-loji tersebut berikutan kekurangan bekalan gas yang mengakibatkan berlakunya kegagalan Transmission System teknikal seperti kebocoran tiub dandang dan getaran tinggi Year 2011 recorded 5 tripping incidents with load loss of 50 turbin. Kerja-kerja penyenggaraan ini memakan masa yang MW and above including 4 incidents without load shedding. lama dan seterusnya meningkatkan peratusan EUOF. However, the amount of unsupplied energy during tripping had reduced to 225.2 MWh compared to 310.7 MWh in Sistem Penghantaran 2010. Delivery Point Unreliability Index (DePUI) for TNB Pada tahun 2011, terdapat 5 kejadian pelantikan sistem which is measured in minutes also showed an increase to dengan kehilangan beban 50 MW dan ke atas di mana 1.01 minutes compared to only 0.85 minutes in 2010. 4 daripadanya merupakan insiden tanpa lucutan beban. Walau bagaimanapun, jumlah tenaga tidak dibekalkan Distribution System semasa pelantikan telah berkurangan kepada 225.2 MWj System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) for berbanding 310.7 MWj pada tahun 2010. Delivery Point TNB which is measured by Enhanced TOMS had recorded Unreliability Index (DePUI) bagi TNB yang diukur dalam a reduction by 28.2% from 96.25 in 2010 to 69.11 in 2011. minit pula mencatatkan peningkatan bacaan kepada 1.01 Towards reducing SAIDI, TNB had put up several action minit berbanding 0.85 minit pada tahun 2010. plans in each state of Peninsular Malaysia. The main focus of the action plans was to reduce medium voltage supply Sistem Pengagihan interruptions which contributed about 90% out of the total System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) bagi TNB SAIDI for TNB. On the other hand, focus were also given yang diukur menggunakan Enhanced TOMS mencatatkan to underground cables (joints, cables, third parties and pengurangan sebanyak 28.2% daripada 96.25 pada tahun terminations) that is the main source of medium voltage 2010 kepada 69.11 pada tahun 2011. Ke arah pengurangan interruptions. SAIDI ini, TNB telah melaksanakan beberapa pelan tindak di setiap negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia dengan memberikan fokus terhadap pengurangan