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Topeliaaninen Kuvitus Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan

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Topeliaaninen Kuvitus Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan Laura Marttinen Topeliaaninen kuvitus varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan Millä keinoin tuoda historiallisia viitteitä kuvitukseen? Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu Medianomi (AMK) Viestinnän koulutusohjelma Opinnäytetyö 25.11.2014 Tiivistelmä Tekijä Laura Marttinen Otsikko Topeliaaninen kuvitus varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan Sivumäärä 31 sivua + 1 liite Aika 25.11.2014 Tutkinto Medianomi Koulutusohjelma Viestintä Suuntautumisvaihtoehto Graafinen suunnittelu Ohjaaja lehtori Tuomas Aatola Opinnäytetyöni painopisteenä on perehtyä Zachris Topeliuksen satuja kuvittaneiden suomalaisten kuvittajien töihin ja muodostaa niiden pohjalta historiaa henkivä kuvitus päiväkoti Sakarinmäen varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan. Topelius asui 1800-luvulla alueella, jolla nykyinen päiväkoti sijaitsee. Tämän vuoksi päiväkodin henkilökunta toivoi kuvitusten tyylin tuovan esille alueen historiaa. Tutkin oppinnäytetyössäni suomalaisten taiteilijoiden ja kuvittajien Topeliuksen satukirjoihin tekemiä töitä. Pääasiallisena ajanjaksona käsittelen kuvittajien tuotantoa suomalaisen satukirjankuvituksen alkumetreiltä 1950-luvulle asti. Käyn läpi joitakin kuuluisimpien suomalaisten kuvittajien, kuten Rudolf Koivun ja Albert Edelfeltin kuvituksia pyrkien hyödyntämään heidän työmenetelmiään omassa kuvitusprojektissani päiväkoti Sakarinmäen varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan. Käsittelemistäni kuvista kävi ilmi tärkeimpiä aikakaudelle tyypillisiä piirteitä, joihin kuului esimerkiksi haaleus väreissä ja arkisuus asioiden kuvaamisessa. Perehtyminen kuvittajien käyttämiin väritysmenetelmiin auttoi valitsemaan kuvitustekniikan. Päädyin vesiväritekniikkaan, sillä se oli yksi Topeliuksen kulta-ajan vallitsevia väritystekniikoita kuvituksessa. Perehtyminen suomalaisten kuvittajien ja Topeliuksen satujen maailmaan on ollut antoisaa. Kuvani suomalaisen kuvituksen historian vaiheista sekä kuvitusten tekoon liittyvistä tekni- sistä kysymyksistä on selkeytynyt tämän opinnäytetyön varjolla. Avainsanat topelius, kuvitus, lastenkirja, varhaiskasvatussuunnitelma Abstract Author Laura Marttinen Title Illustrating an Early Childhood Education Plan Number of Pages 31 pages + 1 appendices Date 25 November 2014 Degree Bachelor of Culture and Arts Degree Programme Media Specialisation option Graphic Design Instructor Tuomas Aatola, Senior Lecturer The aim of this thesis was to create illustrations for the early childhood education plan of Sakarinmäki day-care centre based on Zachris Topelius’s fairy tales. The main objective in making the illustrations was to honour the time period when Topelius lived in the area of the current day-care centre, which was in the 1800’s. The illustrations were supposed to express the history of Finnish children’s books in terms of style. The process included familiarizing myself with the work of some Finnish illustrators and art- ists on Topelius’s children’s books. Starting from the first published Finnish children’s book in 1847 to the 1950’s the goal was to study the main trends and features of Finnish illustra- tion at the time. The study included analysing the work of some of the most famous Finnish illustrators including Rudolf Koivu and Albert Edelfelt and applying their methods into illus- trating the early childhood education plan of Sakarinmäki. The study exposed some key elements that were characteristic to the illustrations of Finnish children’s books, which helped in choosing the right tools for the project. Watercolour tech- nique was chosen in order to respect the history of Finnish illustration. The main character- istics for the illustrations of the time period mentioned turned out to be tepidness in colours and straightforwardness in picturing their subjects. The author thinks she has succeeded in forming a clear picture of the style of Finnish story- book illustration’s history. In the future she hopes to continue in the path of illustration. Keywords topelius, illustration, children’s book, early childhood educa- tion plan Sisällys 1 Johdanto 1 2 Toimeksiannon taustoja Sakarinmäen päiväkodin varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan 3 3 Z. Topeliuksen sadut kuvituksissa 4 3.1 Ensimmäisiä suomalaisia satukirjankuvituksia 4 3.2 Kuvituksen kehitys Topeliuksen kirjojen sivuilla 7 3.3 Aikakauden ja suomalaisuuden keskeiset piirteet kuvissa 14 3.4 Kuvasta paperille – yleisimpiä painomenetelmiä Topeliuksen kulta-aikana 15 4 Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman kuvitusprosessi 17 4.1 Esikuvat ja inspiraatio 17 4.2 Miten lapsi tulkitsee kuvaa? 20 4.3 Kuvitustekniikka aikansa ilmaisukeinona 21 4.4 Topeliuksen henkilöhahmot 24 4.5 Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelma ja kuvitus 25 5 Johtopäätökset ja yhteenveto 27 Lähteet 29 Liitteet Liite: Topeliusta kuvittaneita suomalaisia aikajärjestyksessä 1847–1952 1 1 Johdanto Tämän opinnäytetyön painopisteenä on perehtyä Zachris Topeliuksen satuja kuvittanei- den suomalaisten kuvittajien töihin ja muodostaa niiden pohjalta historiaa henkivä kuvi- tus päiväkoti Sakarinmäen varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan. Pääasiallisena ajanjaksona käsittelen kuvittajien tuotantoa suomalaisen satukirjankuvituksen alkumetreiltä 1950-lu- vulle asti. Sakarinmäen päiväkodin tärkeänä innoittajana toimii Zachris Topeliuksen satutuotanto. Topelius asui aikoinaan alueella, jolle nykyinen päiväkoti on rakennettu. Tästä syystä päiväkodin toiminnalla halutaan tuoda esille Topeliusta ja näin vaalia alueen historiaa. Koska päiväkodilla on läheinen suhde Topeliukseen, tutkin luvussa 3 hänen satuihinsa tehtyjä kuvituksia ensimmäisistä 1800-luvun kuvituksista aina 1900-luvun puoliväliin asti. Topeliusta kuvittivat monet aikansa kärkinimet Rudolf Koivusta Martta Wendeliniin ja Al- bert Edelfeltiin. Opinnäytetyöni toiminnallinen osuus on toteuttaa kuvitukset päiväkodin varhaiskasva- tussuunnitelmaan Topeliuksen satujen pohjalta. Sadut valikoituivat päiväkodin eri ryh- mien mukaan, joiden nimet juontuvat suoraan Topeliuksen satutuotannosta. Kyseiset sadut ovat Nuutti Pillipiipari, Vattumato, Kun muurahainen meni lääkäriin ja Metsäkarhu. Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman tulee sisältää kymmenkunta kuvaa, eli jokaisesta sadusta noin 2–3 kuvaa. Toteutan myös taiton varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaan. Koska päiväkodin budjetti ei mah- dollista työn painattamista painotalossa, tulee taiton olla sellaisessa muodossa, että sitä pystytään päiväkodissa tulostamaan, ja sivut tulee voida nitoa yhteen ilman, että luetta- vuus kärsii. Koska kuvitusten aiheet liittyvät olennaisesti historialliseen henkilöön, oli päiväkodin toi- veena niiden toteuttaminen siten, että kyseinen aikakausi tulisi jollain tavoin esille ku- vissa. Topelius eli päiväkoti Sakarinmäen alueella, Helsingin Östersundomissa 1800- luvulla. Hänen tuotantonsa oli Suomessa erityisen suuressa suosiossa aina 1950-luvulle asti (Klinge, 1997). Suunnitellessani kuvituksia päätin siis tutustua sen ajan Topeliuksen satuja kuvittaneisiin suomalaisiin kuvittajiin ja aikakauden kuvitustyyleihin tarkoitukse- nani kunnioittaa kyseistä ajanjaksoa ja inspiroitua siitä kuvituksia tehdessäni. 2 Topeliuksen sadut ovat pitäneet pintansa myös nykyaikana; niistä on kirjoitettu moder- neja versioita vielä 2000-luvulla. Viimeisin kokoelma, Topeliuksen lukemisia lapsille Kirsti Mäkisen sanoin ja Risto Suomen kuvituksin on peräisin vuodelta 2013. Päätin kuitenkin työssäni keskittyä aikaan ennen 1960-lukua, sillä koimme päiväkodin henkilökunnan kanssa tärkeäksi pitää kiinni historiallisesta perspektiivistä kuvituksissa. En kokenut tar- peelliseksi liittää työhöni kuvituksia 60-luvulta eteenpäin, sillä ne edustavat tässä tapauk- sessa jo suhteellisen modernia näkökulmaa. Vaikka historiallisten piirteiden esille tuominen työssäni onkin tärkeää, haluan, että siinä heijastuu myös nykyaika. Kuvien yleisönä toimii kuitenkin nykyajan ihminen. Lähtökoh- tanani ei ole entisaikojen kuvitustyylien jäljittely, vaan pikemminkin oman työni rikasta- minen ajan painotekniikoista ja kustannussyistä johtuvilla rajoitteilla – asioita, joiden kanssa tällainen digiajan ihminen harvemmin joutuu painimaan. Teen kuvitukset sillä ajatuksella, että niiden tulee toimia osana päiväkodin varhaiskas- vatussuunnitelmaa, mutta koska niiden käyttö ei rajoitu ainoastaan kyseiseen konteks- tiin, tulee niiden olla tarpeeksi monikäyttöisiä sopiakseen esimerkiksi koristamaan päi- väkodin arkea lapsiryhmien nimitaulujen muodossa. Tässä tapauksessa on siis huomi- oitava kuvien toimivuus sekä osana varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaa että itsenäisinä suu- ressa koossa. Satukuvitusten tekeminen on itselleni todella mielekäs aihe, sillä kuvittaminen on vah- vuuksiani graafisena suunnittelijana. Uskon tästä työstä olevan myös hyötyä työllistymi- sen suhteen, sillä tavoitteenani on tulla työskentelemään kuvittajana ainakin osa-aikai- sesti. Toivon tämän opinnäytetyön ensisijaisesti avaavan suomalaisen sadun historiaa yhden maamme arvostetuimmista kirjailijoista, Zachris Topeliuksen, siivittämänä, mutta myös toimimaan kunnianosoituksena suomalaista kuvitusta eteenpäin vieneille kuvittajille. Kohdistan työni kaikille suomalaisesta kuvitushistoriasta sekä Topeliuksen satutuotan- nosta kiinnostuneille. Luvussa 2 avaan kuvitustyöni taustoja päiväkoti Sakarinmäeltä saamieni ohjeistuksien perusteella. Luku 3 taas porautuu kuvituksen historiaan Tope- liuksen siivittämänä ja luku 4 käsittelee kuvitustyöni käytännön osuutta, eli työprosessia. 3 2 Toimeksiannon taustoja Sakarinmäen päiväkodin varhaiskasvatus- suunnitelmaan Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmalla tarkoitetaan opasluontoista valtakunnallista, kaupunki- kohtaista tai päiväkodin henkilökunnan laatimaa päiväkotikohtaista suunnitelmaa, johon päiväkodin koko toiminta pohjautuu. Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelma
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