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Chapter 3.10 Water Quality and Hydrology

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Chapter 3.10 Water Quality and Hydrology CHAPTER 3.10 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY 3.10 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY This section presents a discussion of the existing hydrology, hydrological conditions, and drainage patterns in the project area and vicinity as well as a discussion of potential impacts of the Proposed Project on hydrology and drainage. The section begins with a description of the existing environment, followed by a discussion of relevant federal, State and local laws and regulations. Where potential environmental impacts are identified, a mitigation program is developed to reduce these impacts to the extent feasible. Finally, residual impacts and cumulative impacts are discussed. Information in this section of the EIR evaluates written comments on the NOP received by the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (April 4, 2014); Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (April 15, 2014); and the Main San Gabriel Basin Watermaster (April 7, 2014). A copy of each letter can be found in Appendix B of this EIR. 3.10.1 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT Surface Water The City of Irwindale is located in the Los Angeles-San Gabriel Hydrologic Unit. The San Gabriel River watershed is the main surface water body in this Unit, covering approximately 689 square miles. The San Gabriel River flows from northeast to southwest through the City, generally flowing parallel to Interstate 605 (I-605). The San Gabriel River headwaters are located in the San Gabriel Mountains to the north. Most of the stormwater runoff in the region is directed to the San Gabriel River. The upper two reaches of the San Gabriel River watershed consist largely of undisturbed riparian and woodland habitats. The middle reach of the watershed contains most of the open-pit quarries and large spreading grounds utilized for groundwater recharge. The lower reach of the watershed flows through a concrete-lined channel in a heavily urbanized portion of Los Angeles County before becoming a soft bottom channel where it discharges to the Pacific Ocean in the City of Long Beach. The majority of water flow in the San Gabriel River occurs from November through April. However, a few spring and summer thunderstorms can also provide summer water flow in the San Gabriel River. The majority of the City’s stormwater runoff flows are directed to this river. Historically, flood waters from the San Gabriel River washed large alluvium materials from the San Gabriel Mountains and deposited them in the flatlands of the San Gabriel Valley within the City’s boundaries (flood waters are now controlled by the Santa Fe Dam). Within the City, these alluvial deposits can reach a depth of over 600-feet below the current ground surface (bgs) and comprise the mineral resource extracted within the City’s active mines. South of the Santa Fe Dam, the San Gabriel River flows through a concrete-lined channel. The bottom of this channel City of Irwindale – Olive Pit Mine and Reclamation Project Final EIR October 2014 Page 3.10-1 CHAPTER 3.10 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY is native alluvial deposits consisting mostly of sand and gravel that allow rapid percolation of water into the underlying aquifer. Other surface waters within or near the City include the Santa Fe Dam (70-acre recreational lake), exposed-groundwater bodies in aggregate mines (e.g., Vulcan Durbin, Hanson Aggregate, and United Rock Nos. 1 and 2), Sawpit Wash, Buena Vista Channel, and Big Dalton Wash. In addition, there are a number of groundwater recharge areas operated by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District in and near the City. Surface water quality within the San Gabriel River is seasonally variable. During the start of the rainy season in October/November, the main contaminate sources for the river is sediment from runoff in the San Gabriel Mountains and stormwater runoff from local streets. Stormwater runoff contains a variety of material such as organics (e.g., gasoline, oils, and lubricating fluids), non- organics (e.g., dirt and dust), and solid waste (e.g., paper, cans, and plastic). However, after the first few rains (“first flush effect”), the amount of these materials in the stormwater runoff decreases significantly. The Olive Pit mine site does not receive or discharge storm water flows from outside of the Pit. Runoff from the surrounding streets and neighborhoods is intercepted and drained away from the site by the City’s stormwater drainage system. (See discussion on page 3.6-2 related to installation of storm drain system). All precipitation that falls on the Olive Pit is retained in the pit. All mining and reclamation activities proposed at the mine site will be designed in accordance to the City of Irwindale’s Technical Guidelines for Drainage and Erosion Control. Groundwater Groundwater basins underlie the surface water network of the Los Angeles Region and are generally composed of young and old alluvial material. These materials consist primarily of sand, gravel, silt, cobbles, and boulders, in various mixtures. The Olive Pit is located within the Main San Gabriel Valley Groundwater Basin (Basin) aquifer that underlies most of the San Gabriel Valley (eastern Los Angeles County) and the City of Irwindale. Groundwater within this basin flows from northeast to southwest. This Basin is approximately 167 square miles and has a potential fresh water storage capacity of about 8.6 million acre-feet. This Basin is administered by the Main San Gabriel Basin Watermaster (Watermaster). The extent of the San Gabriel Basin is shown in Figure 3.10-1 Main San Gabriel Basin. The hydrologic basin or watershed coincides with a portion of the upper San Gabriel River watershed, and the aquifer or groundwater basin underlies most of the San Gabriel Valley. The groundwater basin is bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains to the north, San Jose Hills to the east, Puente Hills to the south, and by a series of hills and the Raymond Fault to the west. The watershed is drained by the San Gabriel River and Rio Hondo, a tributary of the Los Angeles River. City of Irwindale – Olive Pit Mine and Reclamation Project Final EIR October 2014 Page 3.10-2 CHAPTER 3.10 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY Groundwater levels fluctuate substantially in the Basin due to natural infiltration from major storms, managed surface water spreading operations along the San Gabriel River, and long-term wet and dry climate cycles that normally affect southern California. Historic high groundwater elevations were recorded in 1941 (343 feet AMSL), the historic low was 203 feet AMSL in 1941. Based upon historical records the average groundwater level has been interpolated for the Olive Pit at 330 feet AMSL. Groundwater levels in the upper San Gabriel Valley groundwater basin can fluctuate by several feet during a single year and have altered as much as 45 feet in a single season. Historical data taken at the Baldwin Park Key Well 3030F, located in Baldwin Park, have shown to fluctuate over 130 feet. Groundwater levels at the Baldwin Park Key Well are used as the benchmark for determining the groundwater level for the entire aquifer. The management goal of the Watermaster is to keep the Key Well water level between 200- and 250-feet AMSL. The groundwater level is currently nearer the upper end of the recommended operating level for the Basin, and is adequate for meeting current water needs in the region. Groundwater levels within Irwindale can range between 50- to 150-feet bgs. Principal water-bearing formations of the basin are unconsolidated and semi-consolidated sediments which range in size from coarse gravel to fine-grained sands. The major sources of natural recharge are infiltration of rainfall on the valley floor and percolation of runoff from the adjacent mountains. The basin also receives imported water and return flow from applied water. Groundwater levels fluctuate substantially in the Basin due to natural infiltration from major storms, managed surface water spreading operations along the San Gabriel River, and long-term wet and dry climate cycles that normally affect southern California. For example, annual groundwater recharge from all sources from 1972 through 1994 ranged from a low of 28,000 to a maximum of 300,000 acre-feet per year. Significant groundwater contamination was discovered in the San Gabriel Valley in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The groundwater contamination was caused by historic industrial and agricultural practices in the basin that included improper disposal of solvents and other chemical wastes into the groundwater, resulting in Volatile Organic Carbons (VOC) contamination. Poor agricultural practices by farmers have also resulted in contamination of the groundwater with nitrates (NO3). City of Irwindale – Olive Pit Mine and Reclamation Project Final EIR October 2014 Page 3.10-3 CHAPTER 3.10 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY Figure 3.10-1 Main San Gabriel Basin Source: http://www.watermaster.org/basinmap.html Much of the San Gabriel Valley groundwater is considered a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLA) and National Priority List - Superfund (NPL) cleanup site. A number of agencies are involved in remediating this existing groundwater contamination including the Los Angeles RWQCB, the Watermaster, the San Gabriel Valley Water Quality Authority (WQA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Water Quality and Contamination Issues The Basin aquifer contains a large Superfund cleanup site regulated by the U.S. EPA and the San Gabriel Basin Water Quality Authority (WQA). The largest geographical area of the Superfund site is known as the Baldwin Park Operable Unit (BPOU; see Figure 3.10-2 Baldwin Park Operable Unit), which underlies the Olive Pit site. Of the areas of contamination in the Basin [listed in the National Priority List], the BPOU is considered the most significant because of the geographic size and degree of contamination.
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