The World of Words: Vocabulary for College Success, Eighth Edition
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Pronunciation Key Spelling Symbol Spelling Symbol pat ac˘ aught, paw, forˆo pay an- oise oi care âr tookoo˘ father ä bootoo— bib b outou church ch pop p deed, milled d roar r pet e˘ sauces bee e- ship, dish sh fife, phase, rough f tight, stopped t gag g thin th hat h this th which hw cutuˇ pit ˘l urge, term, firm, - pie, by l word, heardûr pier ˆlr valve v judgejwith w kick, cat, pique k yes y lid, needle l (ned- Јl) zebra, xylophone z mum mvision, pleasure, no, sudden n (sud˘ Јn) garage zh thing ng about, item, edible, pot, horrid o˘ gallop, circus e toe, hoarse o- butter e r The World of Words The World of Words Vocabulary for College Success EIGHTH EDITION Margaret Ann Richek Northeastern Illinois University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States The World of Words: Vocabulary © 2011, 2008, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning for College Success, Eighth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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Marketing Coordinator: Ryan Ahern Further permissions questions can be emailed to Marketing Communications Manager: [email protected]. Martha Pfeiffer Content Project Manager: Rosemary Winfield 2009934719 Art Director: Jill Ort Library of Congress Control Number: Print Buyer: Betsy Donaghey ISBN-13: 978-0-495-80255-6 Permissions Manager: ISBN-10: 0-495-80255-7 Margaret Gaston-Chamberlain Production Service: Wadsworth S4Carlisle Publishing Services 20 Channel Center Street Photo Manager: John Hill Boston, MA 02210 Cover Designer: Robert Doren USA Cover Image: Ichiro/Getty Images Compositor: Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions S4Carlisle Publishing Services with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.CengageBrain.com Printed in the United States of America 12345671413121110 Dedicated to the memories of my father, Seymour Richek, and my stepfather, Milton Markman; and to my husband, Perry Goldberg. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xiii 1 PART Dictionary Skills and Context Clues 1 Parts of Speech 2 Word Endings and Parts of Speech 5 1 Words About People 7 Did You Know? What’s in a Name? 8 Learning Strategy Using the Dictionary 9 Words to Learn Part 1 14 Exercises Part 1 19 Words to Learn Part 2 22 Exercises Part 2 27 Chapter Exercises 30 Passage The Sandwich King 34 Insight into Idioms Expressions for Color 37 2 Words in the News 38 Did You Know? How Many Ways Can a Team Win or Lose? 39 Learning Strategy Context Clues of Substitution 40 Words to Learn Part 1 42 Exercises Part 1 47 Words to Learn Part 2 50 Exercises Part 2 55 Chapter Exercises 59 Passage Sneakers: A Multibillion-Dollar Industry 63 Insight into Idioms Communication 67 3 Words for Feeling, Expression, and Action 68 Did You Know? How Do Cars Get Their Names? 69 Learning Strategy Context Clues of Definition 70 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Words to Learn Part 1 71 vii viii Contents Exercises Part 1 75 Words to Learn Part 2 79 Exercises Part 2 85 Chapter Exercises 88 Passage Jackie Robinson, Baseball Hero 92 Insight into Idioms Feelings and Actions 96 4 Other Useful English Words 97 Did You Know? How Does English Get New Words? 98 Learning Strategy Context Clues of Opposition 99 Words to Learn Part 1 101 Exercises Part 1 106 Words to Learn Part 2 109 Exercises Part 2 114 Chapter Exercises 117 Passage Christian—The Lion Who Didn’t Forget 120 Insight into Idioms Rhyme and Repetition 124 Review: Chapters 1–4 125 2 PART Word Elements 131 Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes 131 Using Word Elements 133 5 Word Elements: Prefixes 135 Did You Know? Where Does English Come From? 136 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Prefixes 137 Prefixes Part 1 139 Words to Learn Part 1 140 Exercises Part 1 146 Prefixes Part 2 150 Words to Learn Part 2 150 Exercises Part 2 156 Chapter Exercises 160 Passage Food of the People 164 Insight into Idioms Expressions for Beginnings, Endings, and Time 169 6 Word Elements: People and Names 170 Did You Know? Which Words Come from Names? 171 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Roots; Word Elements Copyright © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. About People 172 Contents ix Word Roots Part 1 173 Words to Learn Part 1 174 Exercises Part 1 181 Prefixes and Name Words Part 2 185 Words to Learn Part 2 186 Exercises Part 2 192 Chapter Exercises 196 Passage The Greek Myth of Winter 200 Insight into Idioms Expressions About the Body 203 7 Word Elements: Movement 204 Did You Know? How Did Inventions Get Their Names? 205 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Movement 206 Word Roots Part 1 207 Words to Learn Part 1 208 Exercises Part 1 213 Prefixes of Movement Part 2 217 Words to Learn Part 2 218 Exercises Part 2 224 Chapter Exercises 227 Passage Celebrity Fever 231 Insight into Idioms Actions 235 8 Word Elements: Together and Apart 236 Did You Know? What Are Two Sources of English? 237 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Together and Apart 238 Prefixes Part 1 238 Words to Learn Part 1 239 Exercises Part 1 245 Word Roots Part 2 249 Words to Learn Part 2 249 Exercises Part 2 254 Chapter Exercises 257 Passage Intelligence Under Fire: The Story of the Navajo Code Talkers 261 Insight into Idioms Agreement and Anger 265 Review: Chapters 5–8 266 9 Word Elements: Numbers and Measures 271 Did You Know? How Were the Months of the Year Named? 272 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Numbers and Measures 273 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Prefixes Part 1 274 Words to Learn Part 1 275 x Contents Exercises Part 1 280 Word Elements Part 2 285 Words to Learn Part 2 286 Exercises Part 2 290 Chapter Exercises 294 Passage Tattoos—So Modern and Yet So Ancient 298 Insight into Idioms Money 303 10 Word Elements: Thought and Belief 304 Did You Know? Animal Words of Thought and Belief 305 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Thought and Belief 306 Word Elements Part 1 307 Words to Learn Part 1 307 Exercises Part 1 312 Prefixes Part 2 316 Words to Learn Part 2 317 Exercises Part 2 322 Chapter Exercises 325 Passage The Origins of Superstitions 329 Insight into Idioms Animals 332 11 Word Elements: The Body and Health 333 Did You Know? How Did Snacks Originate? 334 Learning Strategy Word Elements: The Body and Health 335 Word Elements Part 1 336 Words to Learn Part 1 337 Exercises Part 1 342 Word Elements Part 2 346 Words to Learn Part 2 347 Exercises Part 2 352 Chapter Exercises 356 Passage A New Language—of Silence 360 Insight into Idioms Food 363 12 Word Elements: Speech and Writing 364 Did You Know? Shortening English 365 Learning Strategy Word Elements: Speech and Writing 366 Word Elements Part 1 366 Words to Learn Part 1 367 Exercises Part 1 372 Word Elements Part 2 376 Words to Learn Part 2 377 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Exercises Part 2 382 Contents xi Chapter Exercises 385 Passage Planting the Green Belt 389 Insight into Idioms Communicating 393 Review: Chapters 9–12 394 Answers to Quizzes 399 Credits 401 Index of Words, Word Elements, and Idioms 403 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally left blank PREFACE The World of Words, Eighth Edition, will help students master strategies for becoming independent learners of vocabulary, learn specific words that will be useful in their academic and professional work, and develop a lifelong interest in words. Through a series of carefully paced lessons, students learn several hundred words that appear in the “Words to Learn” sections. In addition, they master three vocabulary development strate- gies that facilitate independent learning of word meanings: using the dic- tionary, context clues, and ancient Greek and Latin word elements. The new edition of The World of Words continues to link vocabulary to students’ general knowledge, covering such topics as food, styles, automo- biles, and sports. I find that students enjoy these features and begin to ap- preciate that vocabulary learning is relevant to their lives and careers. While reinforcing these links, the text also supplies information that will help students to acquire a firmer knowledge base for college academic work. Thus, as the book progresses, students read more about science, art, and classic literature. The word lists and the ancient Greek and Latin word elements have been carefully selected on the basis of their appropriate level and usefulness in students’ academic work.