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Updated Geographic Distribution of Eight Passerine Species in Central Alaska

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Updated Geographic Distribution of Eight Passerine Species in Central Alaska UPDATED GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EIGHT PASSERINE SPECIES IN CENTRAL ALASKA ANNA-MARIE BENSON and THOMAS H. POGSON, Alaska Bird Observatory, P.O. Box 80505, Fairbanks,Alaska 99708 (currentaddress of PogsonAlaska Canoe Base, P.O. Box 3547, Homer, Alaska 99603) TERRY J. DOYLE, Tefiin NationalWildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 779, Tok, Alaska 99780 (current addressTen Thousand IslandsNational Wildlife Refuge, 3860 TollgateBlvd., Suite 300, Naples,Florida 34114) ABSTRACT: We documentedthe occurrenceof eight rare passerinesin central Alaska.Our observationsof the Yellow-belliedFlycatcher, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Arctic Warbler,Golden-crowned Kinglet, Tennessee Warbler, Palm Warbler,Mourn- ing Warbler,and Clay-coloredSparrow, provided new distributionalinformation on the occurrenceof these speciesin centralAlaska. Mist nettingwas essentialto documentingthe geographicdistribution of thesespecies because mist-net captures representedthe only occurrenceof severalspecies. Additionally, many of these recordscould not havebeen identified to subspecieswithout collecting individuals as voucherspecimens that couldbe verifiedby other scientists. We usedstandardized mist-netting protocols to conductintensive studies of the migration,population dynamics, and life historiesof passerinebirds in the TananaRiver valley of centralAlaska from 1992 to 1998. Duringthese studies,we documentedthe occurrenceof eight rare species.Here, we reportcaptures and associated observations of thesespecies that update our current understandingof the geographicdistribution of these speciesin central Alaska. STUDY AREA The TananaRiver valley is locatedin centralAlaska and isbordered to the southby the AlaskaRange and to the northby the Yukon-TananaUplands, an east/westhighland of maturerounded hills (Figure 1). The Tananavalley is a well-documentedmigration corridor for manyspecies of birdsincluding SandhillCranes (Grus canadensis)(Kessel 1984), many speciesof water- fowl, shorebirds,passerines (Cooper and Ritchie1995), and raptors(Coo- per and Ritchie1995, Mcintyreand Ambrose1999). Fairbanksis located near the confluence of the Chena and Tanana rivers at 130 m elevation. Tok and ScottieCreek are locatedin the Upper Tanana Valley (Figure 1) at elevationsof 500 and 550 m, respectively. The Fairbanksmist-netting station covered approximately20 ha at Creamer'sField Migratory Waterfowl Refuge in Fairbanks(64 ø 50' N, 147 ø 50' W). A seasonallyflooded wetland and a largeagricultural field bordered the mist-nettingstation. The dominanttree speciesin the studysite were Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) White Spruce (Picea glauca), Balsam Poplar (Populus balsarnifera),Trembling Aspen (Populus trernuloides), and willow (Salix spp.). The Tok migrationstation was located 11 km west of Tok (63 ø 22' N, 143ø 12'W) and 280 km SE of Fairbanksin a 65-ha patch of early 100 Western Birds31:100-105, 2000 PASSERINES IN CENTRAL ALASKA - 65 ø , ß . .. .,- ......;...:::ß -.. ß . :.... ?.'-•'-.. -.?::'.:•. ;':¾,' ,.•,:.,.• . .:./ _ 64 ø .•:"-':.'•-• ',--•'< '•' .'•: ':'":.:"'' -:':'""'--'"" ':"" 0 ':". " ß-;.••" .' -.":'•.'•. ',• ?'i'•..'•--':.;..'.',.-:•?•":•;•.•".• -" :;:'.,;!:... '...'.,...:..,.C..•.:...•.::.;:.!-:-•.:....'..!::..r-,> .' .- ,...,,.....:., -o- ...';........:.:.>.J':,.,:• =,'.•.',.,..:•-....'-.-, ',. '"... .•.:..,..,,_• ':•....:-......: ..... ..: . ß :,'.':......:....:.•5;..::..., ,...'.?,,,,,• .•, . .'............ :;:: •,.. .. ..... ..:. - ......='"' "-'-'•-"' -' '-="'"' '"•••'.,"-'..•Tok"'"x•'"'-'•'-"' '-"" "' ' "' '"' "' '' ''•' '' ..... ...... ."•,•';: •, '• ............••••.••••..•.•'• •xC,.',• ':.: .:' 63 ø • • Map •. • Locabon '"'"•' , _ 62 ø I i I i 148 ø 146 ø 144 ø 142 ø Figure1. Locationof the Fairbanks,Tok, andScottie Creek mist-net stations (&) in the TananaValley, Alaska. successionaldeciduous forest on a hillsidesurrounded by closedforest of Black(Picea mariana) and White spruce. The ScottieCreek mist-netting site was a stationfor monitoringavian productivityand survivorship(M.A.P.S.; DeSanteet al. 1993) established alongthe ChisanaRiver at the mouthof ScottieCreek (62 ø 41' N, 141ø 16' W), nearthe Canadianborder approximately 125 km SE of Tok. This site was locatedin a 400-ha standof closedBalsam Poplar forestwith an understowof openmedium and tall willowand alder (Alnus crispa). METHODS At Fairbankswe conductedstandardized mist netting from 1992 to 1998 usingarrays of 22 to 50 standard(30 mm mesh,2.6 m x 12 m) mistnets. Duringspring migration (25 April-15 June)we operatednets daily from 06:00 to 13:00. Duringsummer (16 June-14July) we operatednets once duringfive-day sampling periods from 06:00 to 13:00.During fall migration (15 July-30September), nets were opened at sunriseand closed 7 hourslater. The Tok migrationstation consisted of up to 21 standardnets operated dailyfor 6 hoursbeginning at sunrise,from late April to earlyJune during springmigration 1994-1998 andfrom late July to earlyOctober during fall migration 1993-1998. 101 PASSERINES IN CENTRAL ALASKA The ScottieCreek M.A.P.S. stationwas operatedonce every 10 days from 10 Juneto 10 August1993-1998 with 11 standardnets used in 1993 and 12 thereafter.The stationwas operated for 6 daysin 1993, 1997, and 1998 and for 7 daysin 1994, 1995, and 1996. The 15 specimenswe collectedare depositedat the Universityof Alaska Museum (UAM), Fairbanks. RESULTS We banded51,792 individualsof 65 speciesduring 223,708 net hoursof operationfrom 1992 to 1998 (Table1). Yellow-belliedFlycatcher (Empidonax flaviven tris) Our dataindicate a recentrange expansion of thisspecies into east-central Alaska,where it isnow knownas a possiblebreeder and rare fall visitant. We nettednine individualsfrom 4 to 27 Augustin fiveof sevenyears. Four were in Fairbanks[20 August1993 (UAM 6373, immaturefemale), 13 August 1997 (UAM 7427, immaturefemale), 15 August1997, 27 August1998], five in Tok [three4-16 August1994 (immaturemale collected8 August 1994, UAM 6579), 23 August1996, 27 August1998]. From 10 to 28 June1992-1998 we recordedtwo to ninesinging males annually, for a total of 18 records,along the Richardson,Taylor, and Alaskahighways. We collectedone adultmale at Mile 43 on the TaylorHighway (63 ø 49' N, 142 ø 12'W). The Yellow-belliedFlycatcher was previously considered a casualsummer visitantin easterncentral Alaska, on the basisof a singlerecord (Kessel and Gibson1978). In BritishColumbia, the northernmostpublished records are southof approximately54 øN, exceptfor onefrom near Fort Nelson in June 1982 and one near Atlin in August1914 (Campbellet al. 1997). Red-breastedNuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Bandingand concurrentincidental observations suggest a recentrange expansionof the Red-breastedNuthatch into the TananaValley. We banded 19 individualsduring three autumns, four in Fairbanksand 15 in Tok. Fifteen werebanded in 1994, one in Fairbankson 23 August,14 in Tok from 11 to 26 August.In 1995, we bandedone in Tok on 27 Augustand one each in Fairbankson 2 Augustand 27 SeptemberAnother bird was banded at 'l¾,l•!e! Numberof BirdsBanded and Net-Hoursof Opera- tion at Tetlin NationalWildlife Refuge and the AlaskaBird Observatory,1992-1998 Spring Summer Fall Total Individualsbanded 9864 1498 40,430 51,792 Speciesbanded 47 30 58 65 Net-hours 92,310 7249 124,149 223,708 102 PASSERINES IN CENTRAL ALASKA Fairbankson 11 August1996. Of the 17 individualsthat were aged,three were adults,and of the 16 individualsthat were sexed,eight were male. The irruptionduring 1994 waswidely documented by observations of this speciesbeginning in earlyAugust. Nuthatches were first observed during this time in the Upper TananaValley on 6 August,and they were seenor heard almostdaily thereafter until mid-Septemberat many locations.Numbers decreasedfrom mid-Septemberto mid-October,but birdswere seendaily at severalfeeders in the Tok areauntil the arrivalof severelycold weather (-60 ø F) in earlyDecember, after whichthey were againscarce. In Fairbanks,25 individualswere recorded on the Christmas Bird Count in 1994, five in 1995, three in 1996, nine in 1997, and five in 1998. Additionally,this specieshas bred in the TananaValley since 1994 (B. Kesselpers. comm.). The Red-breastedNuthatch was previouslyconsidered a casualvisitant in autumn in centralAlaska (Kesseland Gibson 1978). Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopusborealis) The Arctic Warbler is more widely distributedin central Alaska than previouslyknown. We captured20 individualsin five of sevenyears, 15 in Fairbanksand 5 in Tok. All buttwo, on 9 Juneand 19 September,were from 10 to 27 August.The six individualscaptured in 1994 includedtwo on 15 August(UAM 6571) and one eachon 22 Augustand 19 September(UAM 6570) in Fairbanksand one eachon 16 and 22 Augustin Tok. In 1995 we bandedone in Fairbankson 16 August.In 1996 we nettedfour, on 9 June (UAM 6940) and 17 Augustin Fairbanksand on 10 and 21 August(UAM 6992) in Tok. In 1997 we bandedfive in Fairbanks(two on 17 Augustand one eachon 18, 20, and 27 August)and one in Tok (15 August).In 1998, we bandedthree in Fairbanks,on 14, 17, and 18 August.Of these 20 individuals,four were adults,captured 9 June 1996, 10 August 1996, 16 August1994, and 18 August1997. The 9 June 1996 captureis noteworthy as an extremelyearly arrival date in centralAlaska (cf. Patonet al. 1995). Arctic Warblersbreed commonlyin subalpinehabitats in centralAlaska southof the AlaskaRange, primarily west of the RichardsonHighway (D. D. Gibsonpers. comm.). Prior to thisstudy there was only one recordfrom the TananaValley, on 28 August1963 (Whiteand Brooks1964), and none in easterncentral Alaska or adjacentCanada
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