Curriculum Vitae Dr. Ryan O. Milligan

Personal Details Address: Astrophysics Research Center Tel: +44 (0)2890 973691 School of Mathematics and Physics Fax: +44 (0)2890 973110 Queen’s University Belfast E-mail: [email protected] University Road URL: http://star.qub.ac.uk/~rm Belfast, BT7 1NN DOB: 24 November 1975 Northern Ireland Nationality: Irish

Employment Sep 2014 – present Visiting Research Fellow at Queen’s University Belfast, funded by NASA/LWS grants administered by Catholic University of America. Jan 2014 – Jul 2014 Leverhulme Trust Research Fellow in Solar Physics, Queen’s University Belfast. Jul 2013 – Dec 2013 Research Associate in Solar Physics funded by NASA/LWS grants, Catholic University of America/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Feb 2011 – Jun 2013 Leverhulme Trust Research Fellow in Solar Physics, Queen’s University Belfast. (3 year position) Aug 2009 – Jan 2011 Research Associate in Solar Physics for the RHESSI Mission, Catholic University of America/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Aug 2007 – Jul 2009 NASA Postdoctoral Research (NPP) Fellow, Oak Ridge Associated Universities/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Jan 2007 – Jul 2007 Research Associate in Solar Physics for the RHESSI Mission, Catholic University of America/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Education Oct 2003 – Dec 2006 Ph.D. in Solar Physics: Multi-wavelength Observations of Chromospheric Evaporation During the Impulsive Phase of Solar Flares Queen’s University Belfast. Oct 1998 – Oct 2003 M.Sci.(1st class hons) in Physics and Applied Mathematics, Queen’s University Belfast.

Research Interests Solar flares: variability in EUV irradiance; UV and EUV plasma diagnostics; chromospheric evaporation; plasmoid dynamics in coronal current sheets; solar flare forecasting; solar flare statistics; multi-wavelength observations; hard X-ray diagnostics of thick-target collisions; solar flare energetics.

I am currently working as a postdoctoral researcher at Queen’s University Belfast combining space- based observations of solar flares from the Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) mission, a NASA Small Explorer designed to investigate energy release and particle acceleration during solar flares through X-ray and gamma-ray observations, with those from ground-based instruments such as ROSA (Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere). I am also working on combining RHESSI observations with other space-based solar observatories (such as SOHO, TRACE, Hinode, STEREO and SDO) to investigate the consequences of this energy release. My current research includes the analysis of EUV data from the EVE instrument on SDO to investigate the driving mechanism behind geoeffective irradiance during solar flares; the statistical properties of X-ray flares using GOES observations from the past three solar cycles; investigating the process of chromospheric evaporation using the EIS instrument on Hinode; and the dynamics of plasmoid sources in coronal current sheets during CME initiation using STEREO data. I am also one of four Chief Observers for the Max Millennium Program for Solar Flare Research and I co-administer The Sun Today website which promotes awareness of solar activity and space weather to the general public.

1 Funding Awards Funded: • NASA/Living With A Star Program (LWS) SDO Data Analysis award SDO/EVE Irradiance Observations as a Diagnostic of Energy Transport During Solar Flares (Principle Investigator; 3 years; FY2014–2017; $230,840) • NASA/Living With A Star Program (LWS) Targeted Research & Technology (TR&T) award Investigating the Inﬂuence of Nonthermal Electrons on Increased EUV Irradiance Observed During Solar Flares Using SDO/EVE and RHESSI (Principle Investigator; 3 years; FY2012–2015, lapsed Sept. 2015; $184,058) • NASA Postdoctoral Research (NPP) Fellowship Testing Chromospheric Evaporation Models of Solar Flares (Principle Investigator; 2 years; FY2007–2009; ∼$150,000) Pending: • NASA/Living With A Star (LWS) Guest Investigator Investigating Chromospheric Heating During Solar Flares Using SDO/EVE (Principle Investigator; 3 years; FY2015–2018; $299,455)

Conferences & Workshops I have attended over 60 conferences and workshops over the past 12 years, giving numerous oral and poster presentations, one of which (NAM 2008) resulted in a NASA Press Release. I have given invited talks at Hinode meetings in both the UK (MSSL; Jul 2009) and USA (Bozeman, MT; Jun 2010), the SDO/EVE Science Meeting in Yosemite, CA (Oct 2012), a meeting on Solar and Stellar Flares in Prague, Czech Republic (Jun 2014) and at the International Astronomical Union Meeting in Honolulu, HI (Aug 2015). I also helped organise the 4th Solar Image Processing Work shop in Baltimore, MD (Oct 2008), the 10th RHESSI workshop in Annapolis, MD (Aug 2010), a specialist discussion meeting on The Physics of Flares in the Lower Solar Atmosphere at the Royal Astronomical Society in London, UK (Apr 2013), and Hinode 9 in Belfast, UK (Sep 2015). Teaching and Advising Experience I have acted as co-supervisor for three PhD students from Trinity College Dublin (Claire Raftery, Daniel Ryan, and Aidan OFlannagain; 2008–2013) whose thesis topics focused on solar flare physics. I arranged for each student to spend several months visiting NASA/GSFC to work with myself and other members of the RHESSI team. Each visit resulted in a peer-reviewed publication in a high-impact journal. I was project designer and co-supervisor for a Masters level student (Michael Kennedy) at QUB (Oct–Dec 2012). Michael remained at QUB to undertake his PhD, which I am also co-supervising. I used my current NASA funding to send Michael to NASA/GSFC in July and August 2013 to gain experience in radiative hydrodynamical flare modelling. Michael and I have published two papers together so far, with a third that has just been submitted. I also supervised a summer student project (Sarah McElroy) at QUB (Jul–Aug 2012), the findings of which were published in the Astrophysics Journal. Education & Public Outreach I am a strong advocate of engaging the public in astronomy and I have extensive experience as a science communicator. I have given interviews to and written articles for local and national newspapers (Irish Times, Irish Daily Star, Daily Mirror, The Independent, The Conversation, QUBs The Gown). I have experience with both live and pre-recorded television (RTE’s Morning Edition, NVTVs Behind The Science, BBCs Stargazing Live/Mission Control), and radio (BBCs Good Morning Ulster, Evening Extra, Sunday Sequence, Stargazing Live/Starry Starry Night, and Stories In Sound). I have given many public lectures, particularly to amateur astronomy groups (Astronomy Ireland, Irish Astronomical Association, East Antrim Astronomical Society, Northern Ireland Amateur Astronomy Society) and schools (Glenlola Collegiate Grammar School), including several talks on the 2015 total solar eclipse. Oak Ridge Associated Universities commissioned a short promotional video to be made about me and my transition from truck driver to NASA scientist to promote the NASA Postdoctoral Program, and I have worked with the press offices at both NASA and QUB. I am a co-administrator of The Sun Today website (www.thesuntoday.org), and its associated social media sites (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter).

2 Professional Memberships, Services, and Awards • Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (FRAS). • Associate Member of the Institute of Physics (AMInstP). • Member of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). • Aﬃliate Member of the American Astronomical Society/Solar Physics Division (AAS/SPD). • Referee for the Astrophysics Journal. • Referee for Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal. • Referee for Solar Physics Journal. • Referee for Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. • Served on NASA and NSF Scientiﬁc Review panels. • Member of Lorentz Centre (Leiden) Workgroup on Stellar Flare Siesmology (2013). • Member of the Irish Low Frequency Array (I-LOFAR) consortium. • Co-Investigator on the SEE2020 Mission white paper for NASA’s Heliophysics Decadal Survey (2011). • NASA Group Achievement Award as part of the RHESSI Science and Data Analysis Team (2013). • Chief Observer for the Max Millennium Program of Solar Flare Research (2007–present). • Member of two International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workgroups on Chromospheric Flares (2011–2014). • Member of International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workgroup on Improving the Reliability of Solar Eruption Predictions (2015–2016).

Refereed Publications 29 refereed publications; 13 as ﬁrst author, 3 of which are single author papers, including an invited review. h-index=14. Over 598 citations to date.

1. D. S. Bloomﬁeld, P. T. Gallagher, W. H. Marquette, R. O. Milligan & R. C. Canﬁeld Performance of Major Flare Watches from the Max Millennium Program (2001–2010) Solar Physics, Accepted (2015) 2. R. O. Milligan & P. C. Chamberlin The Anomalous Temporal Behaviour of Lyα Emission During Solar Flares Using SDO/EVE Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Note, Accepted (2015) http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02408v2

3. R. O. Milligan Extreme Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy of the Lower Solar Atmosphere During Solar Flares Topical Issue for Solar Physics, Invited Review, In Press (2015) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1007/s11207-015-0748-2

4. M. B. Kennedy, R. O. Milligan, J. C. Allred, M. Mathioudakis, & F. P. Keenan Radiative Hydrodynamic Modelling and Observations of the 2011 March 9 X-Class Solar Flare Astronomy & Astrophysics, 578, 72 (2015) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A%26A...578A..72K

5. R. O. Milligan, G. Kerr, B. R. Dennis, H. S. Hudson, L. Fletcher, J. C. Allred, P. C. Chamberlin, J. Ireland, M. Mathioudakis, & F. P. Keenan The Radiated Energy Budget of Chromospheric Plasma In A Major Solar Flare Deduced From Multi- Wavelength Observations Astrophysics Journal, 793, 70 (2014) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...793...70M

6. R. O. Milligan & S. A. McElroy Continuum Contributions to the SDO/AIA Passbands During Solar Flares Astrophysics Journal, 777, 12 (2013) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...777...12M

7. M. B. Kennedy, R. O. Milligan, M. Mathioudakis, & F. P. Keenan Solar Flare Impulsive Phase Emission Observed With SDO/EVE Astrophysics Journal, 638, 117 (2013) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...779...84K

3 8. D. F. Ryan, P. C. Chamberlin, R. O. Milligan, & P. T. Gallagher Decay Phase Cooling and Inferred Heating of M- and X-Class Solar Flares Astrophysics Journal, 778, 68 (2013) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...778...68R

9. A. M. O’Flannagain, P. T. Gallagher, J. C. Brown, R. O. Milligan, & G. D. Holman Solar ﬂare X-ray source motion as a response to electron spectral hardening Astronomy & Astrophysics, 555, 21 (2013) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A%26A...555A..21O

10. D. Graham, I. G. Hannah, L. Fletcher, & R. O. Milligan Diﬀerential Emission Measures of Impulsive Phase Flare Footpoints Astronomy & Astrophysics, 767, 83 (2013) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...767...83G

11. R. O. Milligan, P. C. Chamberlin, H. S. Hudson, T. N. Woods, M. Mathioudakis, L. Fletcher, A. F. Kowalski, & F. P. Keenan Observations of Enhanced EUV Continua During an X-Class Solar Flare Using SDO/EVE Astrophysics Journal Letters, 748, L14 (2012) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...748L..14M

12. R. O. Milligan, M. Kennedy, M. Mathioudakis, & F. P. Keenan Time-Dependent Density Diagnostics of Solar Flare Plasmas Using SDO/EVE Astrophysics Journal Letters, 755, L16 (2012) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...755L..16M

13. P. C. Chamberlin, R. O. Milligan, & T. N. Woods Thermal Evolution and Radiative Output of Solar Flares Observed by the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) Solar Physics, 279, 23C, (2012) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoPh..279...23C

14. D. F. Ryan, R. O. Milligan, P. T. Gallagher, B. R. Dennis, A. K. Tolbert, R. A. Schwartz & C. A. Young The Thermal Properties of Solar Flares Over Three Solar Cycles Using GOES X-ray Observations Astrophysics Journal Supplements, 202, 11 (2012) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJS..202...11R

15. M. S. Kirk, K. S. Balasubramaniam, J. Jackiewicz, R. T. J. McAteer, & R. O. Milligan Physics of Sequential Chromospheric Brightenings and Associated Flare Ribbons Astrophysics Journal, 750, 145, (2012) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...750..145K

16. R. O. Milligan Spatially-Resolved Nonthermal Line Broadening During the Impulsive Phase of a Solar Flare Using Hinode/EIS Astrophysics Journal, 740, 70 (2011) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...740...70M

17. L. Fletcher, B. R. Dennis, H. S. Hudson, S. Krucker, K. Phillips, A. Veronig, M. Battaglia, L. Bone, Q. Chen, P. T. Gallagher, P. Grigis, H. Ji, W. Liu, R. O. Milligan & M. Temmer High-Energy Aspects of Solar Flares, Chapter 2: Observational Overview of Solar Flares Springer Praxis Books (2011) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SSRv..159...19F

18. R. O. Milligan, R. T. J. McAteer, B. R. Dennis, & C. A. Young Evidence of a Plasmoid-Looptop Interaction During a Solar Flare/Coronal Mass Ejection Eruptive Event Astrophysics Journal, 713, 1292 (2010) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...713.1292M

4 19. F. P. Keenan, R. O. Milligan, D. B. Jess, K. M. Aggarwal, M. Mathioudakis, R. J. Thomas & J. M. Davila Emission lines of Fe XI in the 257–407A˚ wavelength region observed in solar spectra from EIS/Hinode and SERTS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 404, 1617 (2010) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010MNRAS.404.1617K 20. B. R. Dennis & R. O. Milligan Solar Satellites Scholarpedia, 5(7):6139 (2010) http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Solar_Satellites 21. R. O. Milligan & B. R. Dennis Velocity Characteristics of Evaporated Plasma Using Hinode/EIS Astrophysics Journal, 699, 968 (2009) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...699..968M 22. A. Warmuth, G. D. Holman, B. R. Dennis, G. Mann, H. Aurass & R. O. Milligan Rapid Changes of Electron Acceleration Characteristics at the End of the Impulsive Phase of an X-class Solar Flare Astrophysics Journal, 699, 917 (2009) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...699..917W 23. C. L. Raftery, P. T. Gallagher, R. O. Milligan & J. A. Klimchuk Multi-wavelength Observations and Modelling of a Canonical Solar Flare Astronomy & Astrophysics, 494, 1127 (2009) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A%26A...494.1127R 24. R. O. Milligan A Hot Microflare Observed With RHESSI And Hinode Astrophysics Journal Letters, 680, L157 (2008) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...680L.157M 25. R. O. Milligan, P. T. Gallagher, M. Mathioudakis & F. P. Keenan Observational Evidence for Gentle Chromospheric Evaporation during the Impulsive Phase of a Solar Flare Astrophysics Journal Letters, 642, L169 (2006) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...642L.169M 26. R. O. Milligan, P. T. Gallagher, M. Mathioudakis, D. S. Bloomfield, F. P. Keenan & R. A. Schwartz RHESSI and SOHO/CDS Observations of Explosive Chromospheric Evaporation Astrophysical Journal Letters, 638, L117 (2006) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...638L.117M 27. R. O. Milligan, P. T. Gallagher, M. Mathioudakis, F. P. Keenan & D. S. Bloomfield Plasma Diagnostics of Active Region Evolution and Implications for Coronal Heating Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 363, 259 (2005) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MNRAS.363..259M 28. F. P. Keenan, K. M. Aggarwal, R. S. I. Ryans, R. O. Milligan, D. S. Bloomfield, J. W. Brosius, J. M. Davila & R. J. Thomas Fe XI Emission Lines in a High-Resolution Extreme-Ultraviolet Active Region Spectrum Obtained by the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph Astrophysical Journal, 624, 428 (2005) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...624..428K 29. F. P. Keenan, K. M. Aggarwal, R. O. Milligan, R. S. I. Ryans, D. S. Bloomfield, V. Srigengan, M. G. O’Mullane, K. D. Lawson, A. Z. Msezane, A. Z., J. W. Brosius, J. M. Davilla & R. J. Thomas Emission lines of Fe XV in spectra obtained with the Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Research Telescope and Spectrograph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 356, 1592 (2005) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MNRAS.356.1592K