SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS On November 9, 1936, Professor Samuel E. Morison of Harvard University delivered an address before the Society on "Harvard College in the Eighteenth Century." At the conclusion of the illustrated lecture, Mr. Richard Peters, Jr., Recording Secretary of the Society, notified Professor Morison of the CounciPs action in electing him an honorary member of the Society.

ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS The second volume of Frank H. Stewart*s Notes on Old Gloucester County, , calendars the contents of two Gloucester County newspapers, The Columbian Herald and The Constitution. Documents and information drawn from other sources are printed as well, but by far the greater part of the material is taken from the files of these two papers. Lists of wills probated; names of those who were candidates for political office; lists of justices of the peace; records of tavern licenses; tax lists and lists of debtors will aid materially the researches of genealogists. Records of commodity prices; ferry rates; tavern rates; items of information about the manufacture of glass; the raising of silk; the Camden and Woodbury railroad; information about schools and libraries; and poor house reports may be found in this volume.

Anthony Wayne a biographical essay by Dr. Henry Pleasants, Jr., designed to give "the citizens of Chester County a brief word-picture of a man who typified all that was upright, fearless and generous"; the same author*s Three Scientists of Chester County, containing sketches of Humphrey Marshall, author of Arbustum Americanum, of William Darlington, doctor and botanist whose major work was Flora Cestrica, and of Joseph Trimble Rothrock one of the earliest of Pennsylvanians to interest himself in forest conservation; and Four Great Artists of Chester County, embodying essays on and Thomas Buchanan Read who divided their interests between art and letters, on William Marshall Swayne, the sculptor, and on George Cope, the exponent of photographic realism in his paintings, compose the series of little books devoted to Chester County biography presented to the Society by Dr. Pleasants.

A Unique Institution: the Story of the National Farm School, by Herbert D. Allman, is a history of the Farm School which was founded in 1896 at Doyles- town, , by Joseph Krauskopf in order to train "scientific and prac- tical agriculturists." This book records one man's attempt to deal with one of the problems created by the unprecedented immigration of the post-Civil War period by providing an opportunity for boys and young men to fit themselves for another kind of life than that of the city slums.

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The Bulletin of the Historical Society of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, for October, 1936, constitutes the first number of a new publication undertaken by that society in order to keep the members informed of the "work, progress and needs of the Society." Papers read at the meetings immediately preceding the date of publication and selections from the material accumulated in the years from 1926-1936 will be printed. The October issue includes essays by Chauncey B. Knapp on "Montgomery Square and Its Traditions"; by Laura Riegel Cook on "Sampler Lore," being a brief history of the sampler from the first recorded use of the word in 1502 to more modern times; by Mrs. William F. Moyer on "Glass Paper-Weights and What-Not"; "A Few Remarks Relating to Belmont Driving Park," by Milton R. Yerkes; and "Backed Against the Hundred Miles Hills—the Spirit of Pennsylvania," by Irvin P. Knipe.

"Town Regulations of Lititz, 1759," by Herbert H. Beck published in the Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society for 1936, describes the rules by which the congregation or "Economy" of Lititz was governed. These regula- tions extended to almost all fields—agriculture, domestic, social and religious life—and were rigidly enforced for almost a hundred years. The Moravian religion and influence was not suffered to grow without op- position as "An Honest Effort to 'Save Pennsylvania from the Moravians/ " an article in this same issue by Clara A. Beck shows. Further information on this opposition is contained in "The Beginning of the Moravian Church in Lan- caster, Pennsylvania," by the late Reverend J. Max Hark, edited by G. W. Schultz. Here the Moravians' difficulties in getting ministers for their congre- gations, their quarrels with the German Lutherans, and the disagreeable passages at arms between the Muhlenberg and the Lyberg factions are discussed. "The Autobiography of Bernhard Adam Grube," translated by the Right Reverend J. T. Hamilton; an account of the "Visit of the Chiefs of the Six Nations to Nazareth, Pennsylvania," translated by James Henry; and an article on "Moravian Customs; Our Inheritance," by Adelaide L. Fries are also in- cluded in this volume of Transactions.

Frederick A. Godcharles contributed a biographical sketch of Governor James Pollock, descriptive of Pennsylvania politics in the heyday of the Know Nothing Party, to the Northumberland County Historical Society Proceedings and Addresses for May, 1936. In the same issue Heber G. Gearhart considered critically "The Stone House at Fisher's Ferry and the John Penn Legend." Other articles contained in this issue of the Proceedings are: "The Old Centre Turnpike," by Chester D. Clark; "Early Taverns along the Centre Turnpike in Northumberland County," by Carl Rice; an account of "Early Life in the Vicinity of Bear Gap," by J. Mettler Pensyl; a brief history of the "Music of Northumberland County," by Irvin W. Rothenberg; an article on the origin and meaning of the "Township Names of Old Northumberland County," and "The Names of Present Day Townships of Northumberland County," both by Charles Fisher Snyder; notes on "The Dewart Family," by Lewis i937 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS 105

Dewart; extracts from "Philip Vickers Fithian's Journal," by T. Kenneth Wood; and an account of "The Himmel Church," to which has been appended a transcription of the early baptismal and communion records, by John H. Carter.

The publication of the Scottish Record Society for September, 1936, con- tains an account of the "Binns Papers 1320-1864." Among the papers described are letters and documents pertaining to James Dalyell (1730-1763). Dalyell was with the English army in America acting as aide-de-camp to Gen- eral Amherst, and was killed at Fort Detroit in July, 1763. The various com- missions of Dalyell, letters to him from friends serving in Virginia, the Carolinas, and the West Indies, including a long account of the capture of Martinique; letters discussing the situation in New Foundland, Montreal, Niagara, and Detroit are in this collection. These letters are full of military news and gossip redolent of life in the army posts of the British colonies.

" 'Hans Breitmann' in England and America" is the title of an essay on , by Sculley Bradley, which appears in the Autumn, 1936 Colophon. Mr. Bradley discussed Leland's difficulties because of the lack of proper copyright laws in America; his journalistic labors in New York and and his ultimate discouragement and bitterness because of the little recognition accorded his work in his native city. This last was in marked contrast to the delighted appreciation of the comic qualities of "Hans" which was evident in European literary circles from London to Rome. As a result Leland concluded that to live the life of an expatriate was more pleasant than to return to this country. He wrote to his friend George Henry Boker, "I was made so very little of in my native city—(even in Rome I was more honored and esteemed)—that I had lost a great deal of interest in it before I left. . . . Poor old Philadelphia—God grant that she send me money enough all my days!"

"Where Is Franklin's First Chart of the Gulf Stream?" by Franklin Bache, is published in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society for 1936. This essay contains an account of Franklin's observations on the Gulf Stream and those of other navigators. Three charts are appended to the article. One is the chart which Franklin had engraved in , the second is the chart printed by the Philosophical Society with an inset showing the observations of a certain Mr. Gilpin on the migration of herring, observations which were subsequently confounded with Franklin's on the Gulf Stream; and the result of this confusion, a composite chart printed for Albert Henry Smyth's work, The Life and Writings of Benjamin Franklin.

Leland's friend, Boker, is the subject of an article by Mr. Bradley in the November, 1936, issue of American Literature. In "George Henry Boker and Angie Hicks," Mr. Bradley comments upon Boker and his relations with Angie 106 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS January

Hicks whom tradition had designated as the probable "Dark Lady" of Boker's sonnet sequence. The discovery of a new manuscript now in the library of the University of Pennsylvania proves conclusively that at least 86 of the sonnets were "written for, and sent to, Mrs. Hicks."

The same periodical contains an article on "Edgar Allen Poe, Cryptographer," by William F. Friedman in which the bubble of Poe's reputed knowledge of the art of deciphering codes is pricked by one in a position to speak with authority on the subject.

Southern Sketches No. 10, 1936, contains an article on "Republican News- papers of South Carolina," by Robert H. Woody. Unionist and Republican papers existed in this state from 1862-1877. The first ones were little more than military gazettes published for the Northern expeditionary forces garrisoned in the region. In as much as these regiments were largely from New England the most complete files of The New South, The Free South, The Palmetto Herald, and The Swamp Angel are to be found in the American Antiquarian Society, the Widener Library, and the Historical Society. At the conclusion of the Civil War these papers became Republican, edited by carpet-baggers in the interest of personal profits. Perhaps the "ablest, most vigorously honest and influential of all the Republican editors" was James G. Thompson who was reputed to be from Philadelphia. He edited The Free South in 1863 and remained in South Carolina some sixteen years as editor of one or another of these Republican papers.

It was the custom of the Dutch and Swedish West India Company to send out a barber surgeon with every colonizing expedition dispatched to their colony on the Delaware. These barber surgeons were guildsmen, probably fairly well acquainted with the medical literature and the accepted practice of the seven- teenth century, and, therefore, well able to treat the variety of "agues, fevers, apoplexies, burns" and other ailments incident to life on the frontier. An account of these surgeons, some of whom returned with the returning ship while others remained for a time at least in the new world to practice their profession or engage in trade and land speculation, is given by Samuel X. Radbill in an essay on the "Barber Surgeons among the Early Dutch and Swedes along the Delaware," published in the Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine for November, 1936.

In Papers Read before the Lancaster County Historical Society, 1936, John W. Lippold contributes genealogical notes and short biographical sketches of "The Distinguished Hubley Family of Lancaster." Another publication of the same society is Herbert H. Beck's account of "Henry E. Leman, Riflemaker." Besides a biographical sketch of Leman, Mr. Beck includes a description of the Leman rifle, famous across the continent and perhaps the most widely used of American rifles of its time. I937 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS 107

Russell H. Anderson in an article on "Grain Drills through Thirty-Nine Centuries," in Agricultural History, for October, 1936, discusses the introduc- tion into the of this method of sowing grain and its spread from New Castle County, Delaware, and Chester County, Pennsylvania. Chester County not only adopted the new method but improved the machinery in use. On March 12, 1841, Moses and Samuel Pennock of Kennett Square "received their first patent for a drill which was considered to be an improvement on the "Lion" drill, an English implement. From that time until after the Civil War the various Pennock drills were among the most prominent and successful in America."

Aaron Burr and his mysterious and involved activities in the Mississippi valley appear in a new light as a result of the research of Thomas Robson Hay, "Charles Williamson and the Burr Conspiracy" in the May, 1936, issue of The Journal of Southern History. After a careful consideration of the actions of the principles, the times and places of their meetings, the dates and contents of their letters, Mr. Hay concludes that neither Williamson, Wilkinson, nor any other person, except Burr alone, was instrumental in arranging the "conspiracy." And that "whatever the participation of others in Burr's venture, their roles, from the most important to the least significant, were essentially secondary to that played by Burr." Incidentally, Hay takes issue with Dr. Isaac J. Cox and the opinion he expressed in his paper on the "Hispanic-American Phases of the 'Burr Con- spiracy/ " {Hispanic American Historical Review, XII (1932), 145-75.) In that article, Dr. Cox stated that Wilkinson met with Williamson and Burr in Philadelphia in August, 1804. Hay holds the opposite view that Williamson was Burr's only confidant in these initial stages of the affair.

Social history has been neglecting one of its most fruitful sources according to Richard H. Shryock in his article, "Medical Sources and the Social Historian," which appears in the American Historical Review for April, 1936. In his opinion, the different stages of frontier development could almost be defined in terms of their dominant diseases: "It may be added, in passing, that perhaps the earliest published description of these stages, later elaborated in the Turner thesis, is to be found in the essays of the physician, Benjamin Rush."

The "dramatic essays" of Benjamin Rush were not the only contributions of Philadelphia to medicine and medical history. The General Magazine and Historical Chronicle for April, 1936, contains an account by David Riesman, of "The Oldest Medical School in America." In 1730, Dr. Thomas Cadwalader gave demonstrations in practical anatomy; in 1762, Dr. William Shippen, Junior offered a course of lectures in anatomy; and in 1765, Dr. John Morgan was able to secure the establishment of a medical school in connection with the College of Philadelphia. Kings College, New York, was not slow in following the example set by the College of Philadelphia; which of the two schools may rightly claim the 108 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS January

honor of having granted the first medical degree has been disputed at great length. According to this article, the first M. D. was given in New York in 1770, but the medical college in Philadelphia had conferred the degree of Bachelor of Medicine in 1768. The high rank of colonial Philadelphia in the world of medicine may be explained, thinks Dr. Riesman, by the fact that William Penn "brought with him, or had caused to follow him, a fine group of medical prac- titioners largely belonging to the Society of Friends." Dr. Thomas Wynne, Griffith Owen, Dr. John Kearsley set the standard which Lloyd Zachary, Thomas Cadwalader, William Shippen, Senior, and others who played "a leading role in developing medical education in this country" honorably main- tained. Another aspect of the medical profession in eighteenth century Pennsyl- vania is presented by Louis J. Livingood, in the April, 1936, issue of The Historical Review of Berks County, In "The Pioneer Doctor," Dr. Livingood discusses the training and work of the country doctor, a man who learned his art through apprenticeship to an old doctor and by observation of the actual medical work in the office and sickroom, although the Berks County boy, who could afford it, may have had the advantage of attending the lectures in Philadelphia for a winter or two.

Extracts from the diary of David Schultz are printed, with a sketch of his life by H. W. Kriebel "David Schultz, Diarist, Scrivener, Conveyancer, Sur- veyor, General Business Agent," in The Perkiomen Region for April, 1936. Since Schultz "retained copies of all his wills, agreements, surveys, and official doings" his papers are of interest to the historian.

In the Historical Magazine for June, 1936, there is an article by William Sener Rusk on "Benjamin H. Latrobe and the Classical Influence in His Work." Latrobe had studied with Samuel Pepys Cocherell, "the pioneer of the Greek revival in England," before he came to America in 1795. Liberal political views and his "unseen relatives in Pennsylvania" combined to induce Latrobe to make the journey. He came to Philadelphia in November, 1798, and during his stay there he was commissioned to build or design a variety of public buildings, including the Bank of Philadelphia, the Bank of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and a number of private houses. Mr. Rusk includes a bibliography and a list of Latrobe's works.

"David A, Borrenstein: A Printer and Publisher at Princeton, N. J., 1824- 28," is the subject of an article by George J. Miller in the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. In the spring of 1824, Borrenstein set up a press at Princeton where he undertook to print a wide variety of "addresses and sermons, annual reports for local societies, catalogues and programs." He also tried his hand at publishing newspapers and magazines, and in the March, 1826, issue of the American Magazine of Letters and Christianity, one of his ventures, he printed memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. "The most interesting product of the press was, from an academic point of view, his i937 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS 109 edition of Seven against Thebes by Aeschylus, a first classical text to appear in Greek and to bear a Princeton imprint." After four years, financial difficulties compelled him to leave Princeton and he came to Philadelphia where he "busied himself at first with reading proof sheets of the German Bible then printed by Mr. J. Howe." Subsequently, he became an "itinerant bookvendor, peddling the German Bible through Pennsylvania." The article concludes with a bibliography of Borrenstein's imprints with the location of the known copies of each item. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania had several of the pamphlets issued by Bor- renstein from his press at Princeton although it is not among the libraries listed by Mr. Miller as possessing examples of the work of this printer.

"The Burned Letter of Chastellux," (Franco-American Pamphlet Series, No. 7) by Randolph G. Adams, is concerned with the story of the difference of opinion between Rochambeau and Chastellux at the Wethersfield Conference in 1781; and the letter which Chastellux is supposed to have written to La Luzerne expressing his contempt for Rochambeau. This letter fell into the hands of Sir Henry Clinton who sent it to Rochambeau, obviously hoping to stir up trouble. However, when he had shown it to Chastellux, Rochambeau burned the offending missive. The discovery of a copy of a letter from Chastellux to La Luzerne, written about June 1, 1781, in the manuscripts of Sir Henry Clinton, and of another copy of the same letter in the Shelburne papers raises the ques- tion whether this letter may not be the "indiscreet epistle" so magnamiously destroyed by Rochambeau. Mr. Adams prints the letter in translation from the Clinton manuscripts, noting the variations which occur in the Shelburne copy.

LeRoy Elwood Kimball in his article, "Fleury in the American Revolution," (Franco-American Pamphlet Series, No. 6) gives an account of the services in the Revolutionary army of Francois Louis Teisseidre de Fleury, "one of the energetic young Frenchmen of family whose military enthusiasms for joining the American cause were persistent and seemingly boundless." Fleury was first mentioned in May, 1777, in a report of the Committee on Foreign Applications; he was in the Battle of Brandywine, and in the battle of Germantown and, subsequently, he was assigned to Fort Mifflin as engineer. He continued to demonstrate his ability and courage at Valley Forge, at Monmouth and as a result of his conduct at the Battle of Stony Point, Congress awarded him a silver medal. Incidentally, Fleury was the only foreigner to receive a medal from the Continental Congress during the American Revolution.

The Historical Review of Berks County for October, 1936, contains bio- graphical sketches of "Bodo Otto, Senior Physician and Surgeon of Valley Forge," by James E. Gibson, and of "Henry William Stiegel," by Mildred Jordan Bausher; an account of "The Rectors of Christ Church 1763-1936," compiled by Frederick J. Bertolet; and a brief survey of "The Reading Fair," by Miriam L. Stirl. 110 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS January

The efforts of Ignatius Donnelly, D. Alexander Ramsey and John Nininger, sometime citizens of Philadelphia, to promote the settlement of Minnesota and create a prosperous city by sheer force of will and intensive advertising are recounted by Ralph L. Harrison in "Ignatius Donnelly and His Faded Metropolis" in Minnesota History for September, 1936.

ACCESSIONS From Mr. Edward Carey Gardiner the Society received the political cor- respondence of Henry C. Carey, 1855-1859, 1860-1861; portraits of Mathew Carey, William B. Wood, Henry C. Carey, and of a group which includes Mathew Carey, Henry C. Carey, and Henry C. Baird.

The influence of the political cartoon has long been recognized and the value of this kind of comment upon the contemporary political scene as an historical source is unquestioned. To the large collection of original political cartoons in the possession of the Society, a collection which includes some of the earliest known examples of the eighteenth century cartoonist's art, have been added, through the generosity of artists and publishers, a number of cartoons illustrative of the 1936 Presidential campaign. These appeared in various newspapers both Democratic and Republican from New York to St. Louis and comprise, therefore, a fairly representative cross section of the opinion of the press of the eastern half of the United States.

Mrs. Willoughby Webb has given the Society, through the good offices of Dr. Roy F. Nichols, some 660 letters and documents pertaining to Captain Nathaniel Shaler and to William Shaler. These Shaler papers contain the correspondence of Nathaniel and William Shaler (1797-1833), and other items (1861-1926), and include letters from , , James Monroe, Josiah S. Johnston, and Henry M. Brackenridge. There are also many miscellaneous documents (1798-1867). Among these is a copy of William Shaler's journal of the mission to in November, 1816; genealogical notes of the Shaler family; various family papers—wills, bills, inventories; and a number of papers and documents (1798-1813) of Captain Nathaniel Shaler illustrative of the extent and variety of the foreign trade of the young republic, and of the dif- ficulties and dangers which beset the American merchantmen on the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Spanish Main.

The print collection of the Society has been enriched by Mr. Albert Rosenthal's gift of 16 lithographs of pencil portraits of Paul Jones, William Penn, and others done by himself; of an etched portrait of Abraham Lincoln by Max Rosenthal; of 39 mezzotints by Max and Albert Rosenthal; and of 57 mezzotints of the Justices of the Supreme Court by Max Rosenthal. Mr. Rosenthal also presented to the Society 27 autographs, autograph letters, and cartoons of 14 famous cartoonists; as well as a number of autograph letters from Simon Gratz, Sir John Simon, M. Jusserand and others. 1937 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS III

The architect's drawings for a building intended to have been erected on the south west corner of Chestnut and Ninth Streets for Edward Shippen Burd have been given to the Society by Mr. Harrold E. Gillingham. These drawings were made by William Strickland about 1839-1840. At the same time Mr. Gillingham added to the manuscript collections of the Society letters and papers to and from Dr. Thomas Parke, Richard Peters, William Tilghman, Eli K. Price, and Edward Burd; as well as documents of Benjamin Wilson relating to land in Philadelphia, Tioga, and Wayne Counties, a manuscript book in the hand of Edward Shippen Burd dealing with real estate and ground rents (1830-1834) ; and other interesting and valuable documents.

From Mrs. Thomas W. Lane and Mrs. Philip Powell Calvert, letters and papers of Catherine Smith (1802-1852) and Frederick Smith (1796-1861) ; from Miss Mary M. Stewardson three yearly epistles of London Friends (1790, 1796, 1804) published in Philadelphia: two pamphlets of George Fox To All Kingsj Princes, Rulers (London, 1685), and Concerning Persecutions in All Ages to This Day (London, 1682); and 9 bound volumes containing 157 Friends' pamphlets (1682-1743) have also been acquired. Mr. George M. Hart presented a William Penn indenture dated November 9, 1681; and Mrs. R. G. Peckitt gave, in memory of Mr. James Dougherty Kirkbride, a William Penn deed of October 7,1681.

The Society has been fortunate in acquiring one of the rarest of seventeenth century descriptions of the English colonies, Samuel Wilson's Account of the Province of Carolina in America (London, 1682), which deals particularly with the settlement in southern Carolina. The copy now in the possession of the Society is complete with the large folding map, frequently missing, entitled "A New Description of Carolina, by order of the Lords Proprietors." Another recently acquired and very rare specimen of the cartography of the New World is Hendrick Doncker's apparently unrecorded chart entitled Pas-caert van nieu Nederland, Virginia nieu Engeland als mede PennSilvania met de Stad Phila- delfia van Boston tot C. Carrick by Hendrick Doncker inde Nieuwen brugsteeg. [Amsterdam, c. 1685.] This map of the coast from Boston to Cape Carrick was drawn to the scale of about 8 miles to the inch, and contains in the upper left hand corner an inset plan of De Stadt Philadelphia of PennSilvania.

The Marquis de Chastellux' Voyages dans UAmerique Septentrional (Paris, 1788) ; Pere Labat's Nouveau Voyage aux Isles de UAmerique (1774) ; A Travers UAmerique nouvelles et recits (Paris, n.d.) by Lucien Biart; Decou- verte de UAmerique (Brunsvic, 1797) by Campe; Giraud's Beautes de UHistoire d'Amerique (Paris, 1818) ; H. Gregoire's De La Litterature Des Negres (Paris, 1808) ; and 11 other books dealing with the affairs of colonial America, published in Germany in the last quarter of the eighteenth century have been added to the collection of books expressing the opinions of Europeans on the subject of America. 112 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACCESSIONS January

From Mrs. Charles Pemberton Pleasants the Society received a number of valuable documents and letters among which are a holograph letter from August Spangenberg to Conrad Weiser, and one from David Zeisberger to the Reverend Heckewelder. Another Weiser item recently acquired is a photostat copy of Weiser's journal for 1746, entitled "Conrad Weiser His Book/* an ac- count book which throws new light on the activities of this important Indian agent.

A copy of James Logan's Experimenta et Meletemata de Plantarum Gen- eratione (London, 1747) and of John Harington's Orlando Furioso (London, 1634) were presented by Miss Mabel Bayard. Photostat copies of William Strachey's For the Colony in Virginia Britannia (London, 1612) ; of a Plan pour Former un Establissement en Caroline (The Hague, 1686) ; and of John Oxenbridge's A Seasonable Proposition (London, 1670) have been acquired. From Mr. A. W. Jordan the Society has received some 278 books, mostly fiction, dealing with the American Revolution.

The Historical Society has been fortunate in securing 85 volumes of The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure from the first issue published in 1747 to and including that of December, 1789. This London monthly is an important source for the colonial, revolutionary, and post-revolutionary periods of American history. Questions of colonial trade and taxation were discussed, the French and Indian War and other military and political matters received due attention. Furthermore, this periodical was extensively illustrated with en- graved portraits and maps, including some rare maps of the American colonies, with tables of stock prices, of exchanges, of commercial prices, of imports and exports. The only recorded complete set of The Universal Magazine in this country is in the Library of Congress. NORTHWEST CORNER OF FIFTEENTH AND MARKET STREETS, 1858 Showing the Western Exchange Hotel and the Gas Metre Factory on Filbert Street (the building with the large flag) (Sketch by David J. Kennedy, from the Gilpin Library of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania)