Représentations Et Pratiques D'(Im)Mobilités Au Sein D'une Scène Musicale Translocale Au Sénégal

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Représentations Et Pratiques D'(Im)Mobilités Au Sein D'une Scène Musicale Translocale Au Sénégal Unicentre CH-1015 Lausanne http://serval.unil.ch Year : 2019 « Ce n'est pas le hip-hop qui nous fait voyager, c'est nous qui faisons voyager le hip-hop » : Représentations et pratiques d'(im)mobilités au sein d'une scène musicale translocale au Sénégal Navarro Cécile Navarro Cécile, 2019, « Ce n'est pas le hip-hop qui nous fait voyager, c'est nous qui faisons voyager le hip-hop » : Représentations et pratiques d'(im)mobilités au sein d'une scène musicale translocale au Sénégal Originally published at : Thesis, University of Lausanne Posted at the University of Lausanne Open Archive http://serval.unil.ch Document URN : urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_184A470B84B31 Droits d’auteur L'Université de Lausanne attire expressément l'attention des utilisateurs sur le fait que tous les documents publiés dans l'Archive SERVAL sont protégés par le droit d'auteur, conformément à la loi fédérale sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins (LDA). A ce titre, il est indispensable d'obtenir le consentement préalable de l'auteur et/ou de l’éditeur avant toute utilisation d'une oeuvre ou d'une partie d'une oeuvre ne relevant pas d'une utilisation à des fins personnelles au sens de la LDA (art. 19, al. 1 lettre a). A défaut, tout contrevenant s'expose aux sanctions prévues par cette loi. Nous déclinons toute responsabilité en la matière. Copyright The University of Lausanne expressly draws the attention of users to the fact that all documents published in the SERVAL Archive are protected by copyright in accordance with federal law on copyright and similar rights (LDA). Accordingly it is indispensable to obtain prior consent from the author and/or publisher before any use of a work or part of a work for purposes other than personal use within the meaning of LDA (art. 19, para. 1 letter a). Failure to do so will expose offenders to the sanctions laid down by this law. We accept no liability in this respect. FACULTÉ DE SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT DE SCIENCES SOCIALES DES RELIGIONS « Ce n’est pas le hip-hop qui nous fait voyager, c’est nous qui faisons voyager le hip- hop » : Représentations et pratiques d’ (im)mobilités au sein d’une scène musicale translocale au Sénégal THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Présentée à la Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques de l’Université de Lausanne pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences sociales Par Cécile Navarro Directrice de thèse Prof. Dr. Monika Salzbrunn, Université de Lausanne Codirectrice de thèse Prof. Dr. Heidrun Friese, Technische Universität Chemnitz Jury Dr. Karim Hammou, C.N.R.S M.E.R Dr. Marc Perrenoud, Université de Lausanne Prof. Dr. Mahamet Timera, Université Paris-Diderot LAUSANNE 2019 FACULTÉ DE SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT DE SCIENCES SOCIALES DES RELIGIONS « Ce n’est pas le hip-hop qui nous fait voyager, c’est nous qui faisons voyager le hip- hop » : Représentations et pratiques d’ (im)mobilités au sein d’une scène musicale translocale au Sénégal THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Présentée à la Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques de l’Université de Lausanne pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences sociales Par Cécile Navarro Directrice de thèse Prof. Dr. Monika Salzbrunn, Université de Lausanne Codirectrice de thèse Prof. Dr. Heidrun Friese, Technische Universität Chemnitz Jury Dr. Karim Hammou, C.N.R.S M.E.R Dr. Marc Perrenoud, Université de Lausanne Prof. Dr. Mahamet Timera, Université Paris-Diderot LAUSANNE 2019 UNIL I Université de Lausanne Faeulte d*s sci*ncns sffieimlss trt P*litiqLres IMPRIMATUR Le Décanat de la Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques de I'Université de Lausanne, au nom du Conseil et sur proposition d'un jury formé des professeurs r Monika SALZBRUNN, directrice de thèse, Professeure à l'Université de Lausanne . Heidrun FRIESE, co-directrice de thèse, Professeure à la Technische Universitât Chemnitz . Karim HAMMOU, Chargé de recherche CNRS au Centre de Recherches Sociologiques et Politiques de Paris . Marc pERRENOUD, Maître d'enseignement et de recherche à l'Université de Lausanne . Mahamet TIMEM, Professeur à l'Université Paris Diderot autorise, sans se prononcer sur les opinions de la candidate, I'impression de la thèse de Madame Cécile NAVARRO, intitulée : << Ce n'est pas le hip-hop qui nous fait voyager, c'est nous qui faisons voyager le hip-hop" : Représentations et pratiques d'(im)mobilités au sein d'une scène musicale translocale au Jean-Philippe LERESCHE DoYen Lausanne, le 13 novembre 2018 Résumé À l’aune de la célébration des 30 ans du « Rap Galsen », nom communément donné au rap au Sénégal (1988-2018), ce travail interroge les dynamiques de sa production du point de vue des (im)mobilités de différents acteur.trice.s (artistes, producteurs, promoteurs). Ce parti-pris, ancré dans les études sur le transnational et le « mobility turn », propose de renouveler l’approche des pratiques musicales en globalisation tout en revisitant les sciences sociales des migrations au prisme des pratiques artistiques. À l’aide du concept de « scène », le rap galsen est abordé au travers des répertoires d’action et de discours utilisés pour définir son existence, faisant appel aux catégories de « local » et « global », dans le cadre d’établissement de frontières entre « nous » et « eux ». L’ancrage « local » du rap sénégalais est ainsi exploré à l’aune de processus d’authentification de ce que signifie être « Sénégalais » tout en faisant du rap. Comment ces revendications locales s’accommodent-elles des mobilités croissantes de certains artistes de rap sénégalais et des désirs d’« exportation » de nombreux autres ? Ce travail montre comment les dynamiques d’(im)mobilités s’enchâssent au cœur de rapports de pouvoir, entre ceux qui cherchent à imposer une certaine définition du rap galsen et ceux qui cherchent à s’en défaire. La prise en compte de la diversité des (im)mobilités impliquées (mobilités circulatoires, « en étoile », pendulaires, migrations, migrations de retour, immobilités) dans la pratique artistique permet d’envisager comment chaque forme de mobilité impacte les positionnements des acteurs (im)mobiles sur la scène, et leur capacité à peser sur les processus de définition du « rap galsen ». Dakar, Paris, Berlin, Munich, Lausanne, Genève, Baltimore, New York et Washington, tels sont les lieux visités au cours de ce travail pour suivre ou rencontrer des acteur.trice.s de la scène rap sénégalaise, tissant les liens entre plusieurs localités au-delà des frontières nationales, dessinant les contours d’une « scène musicale translocale ». Abstract In the light of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of “Rap Galsen”, a name commonly given to rap in Senegal (1988–2018), this work examines the dynamics of its production from the point of view of the (im)mobility of its diverse agents (artists, producers, promoters). This perspective, drawing from transnational and “mobility” studies, proposes to renew the analysis of musical practices in globalisation, while revisiting migration studies in the light of artistic practices. Using the concept of “scene”, rap galsen is approached through the repertoires of action and speech used to establish its existence, mobilising references to the “local” and the “global”, thus participating to boundary-making processes between “us” and “them”. The “local” anchoring of Senegalese rap is thus explored through processes of authentication of what it means to be “Senegalese” while making rap. How then do these “local” claims accommodate with the growing mobility of some Senegalese rap artists and the desire to “export” of many others? This research shows how the dynamics of (im)mobility are embedded in power relationships, between those who seek to impose a certain definition of rap galsen and those who seek to overturn it. Taking into account the diversity of (im)mobility involved in artistic practices (circulatory mobility, “star” mobility, pendular mobility, migration, return migration, immobility) makes it possible to consider how each form of mobility impact the positions of (im)mobile actors on the scene, and their capacity to influence processes of definition of “rap galsen”. Dakar, Paris, Berlin, Munich, Lausanne, Geneva, Baltimore, New York and Washington, these are the places visited during this research to follow or meet actors who claim to belong to the Senegalese rap scene, weaving the links between several localities across national borders and shaping the contours of a “translocal music scene”. Remerciements Mes remerciements vont d’abord à ma directrice de thèse, la professeure Monika Salzbrunn, qui m’a soutenu et conseillé dans l’élaboration et la poursuite de ce projet de thèse. Quand j’ai lancé le projet de m’attaquer avec témérité au sujet du rap sénégalais, sa réponse enthousiaste m’a permis de défendre ce projet jusqu’au bout. Mes remerciements à ma codirectrice, la professeure Heidrun Friese, pour son soutien indéfectible. Je remercie chaleureusement les membres de mon jury de thèse, Marc Perrenoud, Mahamet Timera et Karim Hammou d’avoir accepté d’expertiser ce travail et d’avoir considérablement aidé à l’améliorer. Je n’aurais pas pu accomplir ce travail sans le financement du Fonds national suisse pour la recherche scientifique (FNS) qui donne chaque année l’opportunité à de jeunes chercheur.se.s de faire de la recherche leur profession, au moyen de la bourse doc.ch, et aide notamment les jeunes chercheuses à concilier carrière académique et vie familiale. À tou.te.s les chercheur.se.s dont j’ai croisé le chemin et qui m’ont aidé à développer ma réflexion avec une pensée particulière aux chercheurs sénégalais Mamadou Dramé et Abdoulaye Niang. À mes collègues d’hier et d’aujourd’hui : Christine Rodier, Eva Marzi, Barbara Dellwo, Simon Mastrangelo, Farida Souiah, Serjara Aleman, Talia Bachir-Loopuyt, Sylvain Besençon, Federica Moretti, Ana Rodrigues Quinones et Alice Aterianus-Owanga ; à tous les membres de l’Institut des Sciences Sociales de Religions (ISSR) de l’Université de Lausanne ainsi qu’aux secrétaires successives de l’Institut, Cristina Stauffer et Monique Thièvent, pour les excellentes conditions dans lesquelles j’ai pu travailler ces 5 dernières années.
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