Ndiritu Gachagual, I J
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Kenya in Crisis
KENYA IN CRISIS Africa Report N°137 – 21 February 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. THE ELECTION CRISIS ............................................................................................. 2 A. A TIGHT AND TENSE RACE ...................................................................................................2 1. Coalition building ......................................................................................................3 2. The issues...................................................................................................................4 B. THE RIGGING OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ....................................................................6 III. THE SECURITY CRISIS.............................................................................................. 9 A. PROTEST AND REPRESSION....................................................................................................9 B. ESCALATION IN THE RIFT VALLEY ......................................................................................10 1. The rise of Kalenjin warriors in the North Rift .......................................................11 2. The return of Mungiki..............................................................................................13 3. Coast Province: the next theatre of violence?..........................................................15 -
Post-Election Violence in Kenya
Spontaneous or Premeditated? DISCUSSION PAPER 57 SPONTANEOUS OR PREMEDITATED? Post-Election Violence in Kenya GODWIN R. MURUNGA NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Elections Violence Political violence Political crisis Ethnicity Democratization Kenya The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-694-7 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. Spontaneous or Premeditated? Contents Contents ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7 Post-Election Violence: Overview of the Literature .............................................................................8 A Note on the Kenyan Democratisation Processes ............................................................................13 Clash of Interpretations ................................................................................................................................17 The Ballot Box and -
Forty Days and Nights of Peacemaking in Kenya
Page numbering! JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ELECTIONS FORTY DAYS AND NIGHTS OF PEACEMAKING IN KENYA Gilbert M Khadiagala Gilbert Khadiagala is Jan Smuts Professor of International Relations, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg e-mail: [email protected] We are ready to go the extra mile to achieve peace. Today, we take the first step. My party and I are ready for this long journey to restore peace in our land …We urge our people to be patient as parties work day and night to ensure that negotiations do not last a day longer than necessary. Raila Odinga, leader of the Orange Democratic Movement (East African Standard 25 January) Kenya is a vital country in this region and the international com- munity is not ready to watch it slump into anarchy. Norwegian Ambassador Hellen Jacobsen (East African Standard 5 February) I will stay as long as it takes to get the issue of a political settlement to an irreversible point. I will not be frustrated or provoked to leave. It is in the interest of the men and women of Kenya, the region, Africa and the international community to have a new government. Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan (Daily Nation 6 February) ABSTRACT Recent studies on resolving civil conflicts have focused on the role of external actors in husbanding durable agreements. The contribution of authoritative parties is vital to the mediation of conflicts where parties are frequently In the interests of avoiding repetition citations will carry the date and month only unless the year is anything other than 2008. -
The Kenya General Election
AAFFRRIICCAA NNOOTTEESS Number 14 January 2003 The Kenya General Election: senior ministerial positions from 1963 to 1991; new Minister December 27, 2002 of Education George Saitoti and Foreign Minister Kalonzo Musyoka are also experienced hands; and the new David Throup administration includes several able technocrats who have held “shadow ministerial positions.” The new government will be The Kenya African National Union (KANU), which has ruled more self-confident and less suspicious of the United States Kenya since independence in December 1963, suffered a than was the Moi regime. Several members know the United disastrous defeat in the country’s general election on December States well, and most of them recognize the crucial role that it 27, 2002, winning less than one-third of the seats in the new has played in sustaining both opposition political parties and National Assembly. The National Alliance Rainbow Coalition Kenyan civil society over the last decade. (NARC), which brought together the former ethnically based opposition parties with dissidents from KANU only in The new Kibaki government will be as reliable an ally of the October, emerged with a secure overall majority, winning no United States in the war against terrorism as President Moi’s, fewer than 126 seats, while the former ruling party won only and a more active and constructive partner in NEPAD and 63. Mwai Kibaki, leader of the Democratic Party (DP) and of bilateral economic discussions. It will continue the former the NARC opposition coalition, was sworn in as Kenya’s third government’s valuable mediating role in the Sudanese peace president on December 30. -
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface…………………………………………………………………….. i 1. District Context………………………………………………………… 1 1.1. Demographic characteristics………………………………….. 1 1.2. Socio-economic Profile………………………………………….. 1 2. Constituency Profile………………………………………………….. 1 Demographic characteristics………………………………….. 2.1. 1 Socio-economic Profile………………………………………….. 2.2. 2 Electioneering and Political Information……………………. 2.3. 2 1992 Election Results…………………………………………… 2.4. 2 1997 Election Results…………………………………………… 2.5. 2 Main problems……………………………………………………. 2.6. 2 3. Constitution Making/Review Process…………………………… 3 3.1. Constituency Constitutional Forums (CCFs)………………. 3 3.2. District Coordinators……………………………………………. 5 4. Civic Education………………………………………………………… 6 4.1. Phases covered in Civic Education 4.2. Issues and Areas Covered 6 6 5. Constituency Public Hearings……………………………………… 6 5.1. Logistical Details…………………………………………………. 5.2. Attendants Details……………………………………………….. 6 5.3. Concerns and Recommendations…………………………….. 7 7 Appendices 37 1. DISTRICT PROFILE Kangema constituency falls within Murang’a district of Central province of Kenya. 1.1. Demographic Characteristics Male Female Total District Population by Sex 164,670 183,634 348,304 Total District Population Aged 18 years & 92,239 90,371 182,610 Below Total District Population Aged Above 19 years 72,431 93,263 165,694 Population Density (persons/Km2) 375 1.2. Socio-economic Profile • Murang’a district has the fifth lowest absolute poverty level in Central at 39% ranking it 10 th in Kenya. • Its food poverty level is 32.5% ranking it fourth in central province and 8th in the country. • Murang’a has the highest monthly mean household income in central province of Ksh. 5,116. • 97.5% of Murang’a residents have safe sanitation, ranking it third countrywide, however only 23.7% have safe drinking water. -
General Assembly Distr
ICC-01/09-6-Anx7 29-03-2010 1/35 RH PT ICC-01/09-6-Conf-Exp-Anx7 21-12-2009 1/35 EO PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber II's instruction dated 29/03/2010, this annex is re-classified as "Public" UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/11/NI/5 2 June 2009 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Eleventh session Agenda item 3 PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVIL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT Information submitted by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights * Note by the Secretariat The Secretariat of the Human Rights Council hereby transmits the communication submitted by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights,** reproduced below in accordance with rule 7(b) of the rules of procedures described in the annex to Council resolution 5/1, according to which participation of national human rights institutions is to be based on arrangements and practices agreed upon by the Commission on Human Rights, including resolution 2005/74 of 20 April 2005. * National human rights institution with “A” status accreditation from the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. ** Reproduced in the annex as received, in the language of submission only. GE.09-13775 ICC-01/09-6-Anx7 29-03-2010 2/35 RH PT ICC-01/09-6-Conf-Exp-Anx7 21-12-2009 2/35 EO PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber II's instruction dated 29/03/2010, this annex is re-classified as "Public" A/HRC/11/NI/5 page 2 ANNEX Brief on Extrajudicial Executions in Kenya prior to and after the Mission to Kenya by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Arbitrary and Summary Executions between 16-25 February 2009 Introduction Insecurity has continually posed serious human rights concerns and challenges in Kenya and the world over. -
Increasing Citizen Demand for Good Government in Kenya⇤
Increasing Citizen Demand for Good Government in Kenya⇤ Kelly Zhang Stanford University May 2012 Abstract In developing democracies, those living in poverty often have the numerical strength to demand government responsiveness but often do not do so. How can information campaigns prompt these citizens to take action? This pilot field experiment explores how variation in the content of an information campaign can impact political behavior in villages. The first intervention provides a report card detailing politician spending in constituency development projects, to see if villagers respond to unaccounted for money in locally visible projects. The second intervention couples the report card with a public participation flyer, to see if information about legal rights and decision-making processes is necessary for citizens to use the report card to take action. Political knowledge and attitudes appear una↵ected by the materials, and the report card itself appears insufficient to impact behavior. Only when the report card is provided with information about public participation is there an increase in the local monitoring of public goods. Willingness to monitor local development projects managed by the politician appears to vary with social access to public leaders. The findings suggest that information campaigns can potentially prompt citizens with political connections to engage in monitoring a politician’s performance in local development projects, even outside of election years. ⇤Acknowledgments: I would like to thank David Laitin, Jeremy Weinstein, and Pascaline Dupas for their patience in providing feedback on multiple iterations of this paper. Special thanks also go to Shanto Iyengar, Ted Miguel, Mo Fiorina, Kennedy Opalo, Willa Friedman, Eric Kramon, Jessica Gottlieb, Gianmarco Leon, Katherine Casey, Risa Kitagawa, and Melina Platas for many insightful comments and suggestions along the way. -
Ballots to Bullets Organized Political Violence and Kenya's Crisis of Governance
March 2008 Volume 20, No. 1 (A) Ballots to Bullets Organized Political Violence and Kenya's Crisis of Governance Map of Kenya ........................................................................................................... 1 Summary .................................................................................................................2 Methodology ...........................................................................................................7 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 8 On Accountability.................................................................................................... 8 To the Government of Kenya ......................................................................... 8 To Foreign Governments ............................................................................... 9 On Reforms to Safeguard against Human Rights Violations...................................... 9 To the Government of Kenya ......................................................................... 9 To Foreign Governments ..............................................................................10 On Displaced Persons ............................................................................................10 To the Government of Kenya ........................................................................10 To Donor Governments, UN Agencies, and National and International NGOs 10 Background: Kenya’s Long-Term Crisis of Governance -
Influence of Implementation of the Revised Traffic Rules on Road Accidents in the Transport Sector in Nairobi County, Kenya
INFLUENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REVISED TRAFFIC RULES ON ROAD ACCIDENTS IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA BY GLADYS K. KITHEKA A Research Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in Project Planning and Management of the University of Nairobi 2014 DECLARATION This research project report is my original work and has not been submitted for an award of degree in any other university. Signed:_______________________________ Date:___________________________ Gladys K. Kitheka L50/66071/2010 This research project report has been submitted with my approval as the University Supervisor. Signed________________________________ Date:__________________________ Dr. Charles Rambo, Ph.D. Senior Lecturer, Department of Extra-Mural Studies University of Nairobi ii DEDICATION This project report is dedicated to my parents, Kitheka and Mwikali, sisters, Petrolinah and Catherine and brothers, Evans, Benedict, Boniface, Augustus Richard and Stanley for their support. Their presence was the constant motivation to succeed in this project. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My heartfelt appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Charles Rambo, whose timely guidance and direction has enabled me to come up with this research project report. I am equally grateful to all my lecturers from the Department of Extra Mural Studies, University of Nairobi. I sincerely acknowledge all my classmates for the healthy interaction we had throughout my study. My sincere gratitude goes to non-teaching staff in the Department of Extra Mural Studies, University of Nairobi for their continued support. I also acknowledge my family, friends and colleagues for their continuous support; financial, emotional and social support. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DECLARATION………………………………………………………. -
No. ICC-01/09-02/11 01 December 2011 Original
ICC-01/09-02/11-373-Red 02-12-2011 1/48 NM PT Original: English No .: ICC-01/09-02/11 Date: 01 December 2011 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge Ekaterina Trendafilova, Presiding Judge Judge Hans-Peter Kaul, Judge Judge Cuno Tarfusser, Judge SITUATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE CASE OF THE PROSECUTOR v. FRANCIS KIRIMI MUTHAURA, UHURU MUIGAI KENYATTA AND MOHAMMED HUSSEIN ALI Public with Annexes Public Redacted Version of General Mohammed Hussein Ali’s Final Submissions on the Confirmation of Charges Hearing Source: Defence for General Mohammed Hussein Ali No. ICC-01/09-02/11 1/48 01 December 2011 ICC-01/09-02/11-373-Red 02-12-2011 2/48 NM PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Mr. Luis Moreno-Ocampo, Prosecutor Counsel for Francis Kirimi Muthaura: Ms. Fatou Bensouda, Deputy Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan QC and Kennedy Ogetto Counsel for Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta: Steven Kay QC and Gillian Higgins Counsel for Mohammed Hussein Ali: Evans Monari, Gregory Kehoe, Gershom O. Bw’omanwa and John Philpot Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence States’ Representatives Amicus Curiae REGISTRY Registrar Counsel Support Section Ms. Silvana Arbia, Registrar Deputy Registrar Mr. Didier Daniel Preira, Deputy Registrar No. ICC-01/09-02/11 2/48 01 December 2011 ICC-01/09-02/11-373-Red 02-12-2011 3/48 NM PT I. -
Africa Confidential
www.africa-confidential.com 4 April 2003 Vol 44 No 7 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL UGANDA/RWANDA 2 UGANDA Soccer war, Congo war In the phoney war, the score was The great U-turn nil-nil as Rwanda and Uganda President Museveni calls for the freeing of parties and the chance of played a qualifier in Africa’s Cup of a third term at the top Nations soccer tournament last It was the sharpest of U-turns. President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, who has vehemently defended his weekend in Kigali. In the real war in eastern Congo-Kinshasa, ‘no-party system’ of government since he won power in 1986, now wants to lift the ban on multi-party Kampala and Kigali back rival politics. He told delegates at an apprehensive congress of the ruling National Resistance Movement at militias and may be preparing for Kyankwanzi, north of Kampala, on 26 March, that they should accommodate those politicians who had another direct confrontation over persuaded ‘about 20 per cent’ of Ugandans to vote against his no-party system. The NRM would remain Congo’s mineral riches. unchanged, a broad church: ‘Those who want to experiment again with political parties can do so alongside the Movement, which should maintain its present identity’. So the no-party system (with its KENYA 3massive state subventions) is to compete with others in the presidential election due in 2006. The change of heart is more pragmatic than ideological. The NRM’s middle ranks are increasingly Victory is not enough calling for political liberalisation and modernisation. They also want more power within the Movement Two interlinked questions gnaw at over its ruling clique, who have been conspicuously enjoying the spoils of government. -
THE POLITICS of CRIME Kenya’S Gang Phenomenon
POLITICAL ECONOMY REPORT THE POLITICS OF CRIME Kenya’s gang phenomenon SIMONE HAYSOM I KEN OPALA NOVEMBER 2020 THE POLITICS OF CRIME Kenya’s gang phenomenon W Simone Haysom | Ken Opala November 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank everyone who gave their time to be interviewed for this study. The authors would like to extend particular thanks to Rukshana Parker and Michael McLaggan for research assistance and to Diana Games for editing. We would also like to thank our peer reviewers, who played an invaluable role in correcting our misperceptions and deepening our analysis. Interviews were conducted in Nairobi between December 2019 and February 2020. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Simone Haysom is a senior analyst with the GI-TOC, with expertise in urban development, corruption and organized crime, and over a decade of experience conducting qualitative fieldwork in challenging environments. She is currently an associate of the Oceanic Humanities for the Global South research project, based at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Ken Opala is the GI-TOC analyst for Kenya. He previously worked at Nation Media Group as deputy investigative editor and as editor- in-chief at the Nairobi Law Monthly. He has won several journalistic awards in his career, including CNN African Journalist of the Year 1997, Kenya Print Journalist of the Year 2000, Peter Jenkins Award for Conservation Journalism 2002, and the Lorenzo Natali Prize 2003. © 2020 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Global Initiative.