DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Feeding Insect-Protected Corn and Corn Residue to Cattle, and Evaluation of Distillers Grains Storage When Mixed with Crop Residue on Cattle Performance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Feeding Insect-Protected Corn and Corn Residue to Cattle, and Evaluation of Distillers Grains Storage When Mixed with Crop Residue on Cattle Performance University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science Animal Science Department Spring 2012 Effects of Feeding Insect-Protected Corn and Corn Residue to Cattle, and Evaluation of Distillers Grains Storage when Mixed with Crop Residue on Cattle Performance Barry Weber University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscidiss Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Weber, Barry, "Effects of Feeding Insect-Protected Corn and Corn Residue to Cattle, and Evaluation of Distillers Grains Storage when Mixed with Crop Residue on Cattle Performance" (2012). Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science. 51. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscidiss/51 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. EFFECTS OF FEEDING INSECT-PROTECTED CORN AND RESIDUE TO CATTLE, AND EVALUATION OF DISTILLERS GRAINS STORAGE WHEN MIXED WITH CROP RESIDUE ON CATTLE PERFORMANCE by Barry M. Weber A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Animal Science Under the Supervision of Professors Galen E. Erickson and Terry J. Klopfenstein Lincoln, NE May 2012 EFFECTS OF FEEDING INSECT-PROTECTED CORN AND RESIDUE TO CATTLE, AND EVALUATION OF DISTILLERS GRAINS STORAGE WHEN MIXED WITH CROP RESIDUE ON CATTLE PERFORMANCE Barry M. Weber, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2012 Advisors: Galen E. Erickson and Terry J. Klopfenstein Research has been conducted on genetically modified corn fed to livestock since the introduction of insect resistant hybrids. While the overwhelming conclusion of these trials demonstrate nutritional equivalency to corn from non-transgenic hybrids, the introduction of new transgenes and combinations of resistance traits necessitates continued evaluation of genetically modified corn hybrids. Expansion of the ethanol industry has resulted in the increased availability of co-products for use as a livestock feed, as well as an increase in crop residues that offer unique opportunities for use by cattle producers. A finishing trial was conducted with corn and corn silage from MON 89034, which incorporates two genes encoding for insect resistance. The presence of the transgenes in MON 89034 did not impact finishing performance or carcass characteristics when compared to steers fed corn and corn silage from a near isogenic, non-transgenic parental hybrid and two non-transgenic reference hybrids. Growing steers were fed silage from corn hybrid MON 89034 and performance was compared to that of steers fed silage from the isogenic, non-transgenic parental hybrid and two non-transgenic reference hybrids. No differences in performance were observed. A grazing trial evaluated the performance of steers grazing corn residue from hybrid MON 89034 and its isogenic, non-transgenic parental hybrids, and no differences in performance were observed. An individual trial was conducted to determine the effects of ensiled (EN) or freshly mixed (FR) modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) blended with corn stalks (CS) or wheat straw (WS) at 30% or 50% diet DM. Steers offered EN blends had greater DMI, ADG, and G:F than steers fed FR blends. Growing steers were offered the same MDGS:crop residue blends as those in the individual trial, but as a supplement to a basal forage diet to determine palatability and forage intake replacement. Steers offered all mixes equaled or surpassed ADG and G:F of steers offered only the basal forage diet, with blends replacing 9.6% to 35.4% of the basal diet. Acknowledgements When I finally decided to return to school and obtain my M.S., I was cautious, not really knowing what to expect. Sure, I was excited, but being out of school for an extended period of time left me with doubts. All of them were erased, as this has been one of the most fulfilling experiences of my life on an intellectual and personal level. I’d first like to thank my parents, Dennis and Diane, for understanding and encouraging what we like to refer to as my “pre-mid-life crisis.” They’ve been patient and stood behind me and I’m indebted to them for it. My brother and sister-in-law, Matt and Sarah, along with my sister and brother-in-law, Susie and Ryan have supported me with minimal questions and I am thankful for their assistance when time became an issue. To my advisors, Dr. Galen Erickson and Dr. Terry Klopfenstein, I can’t thank you enough for giving me a chance and encouraging me. I’d also like to thank Dr. Rick Rasby and Dr. Paul Kononoff for serving on my committee and all of the technicians for their help in answering questions as well as planning and executing my trials. I’m not even sure where to begin thanking the other graduate students who have become incredible friends. Brandon, Annie, Amy, Anna, Adam, Cody S., Cody N., Will, Josh, Kelsey, Jana, Curt, Alex, Ace, and Derek, you’ve made this experience so much more than I could have ever expected. Whether working all day at the feedlot or horsing around outside of our duties as graduate students, I’ve cherished every minute. Mallorie, simple words typed on paper in no way can express my appreciation and gratitude for the listening, the understanding, the great times, and for becoming my best friend. Barry Table of Contents FEEDING INSECT PROTECTED CORN AND RESIDUE TO CATTLE INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………...................................1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………………………………..3 History of Genetically Modified Corn…………………………………………….3 Transgenic Corn as a Livestock Feed……………………………………………..4 Transgenic Corn in Finishing Feedlot Diets………………………………………5 Transgenic Corn Silage in Cattle Diets……………………………………………8 Grazing Transgenic Corn Residue…………………………………………….....10 Transgenic Corn in Swine and Poultry Diets………………………………….....11 Research Objectives……………………………………………………………...12 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………..13 EVALUATION OF DISTILLERS GRAINS STORAGE WHEN MIXED WITH CROP RESIDUE ON CATTLE PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………………………………………18 Ethanol Co-Products……………………………………………………………..18 Usage of Crop Residue…………………………………………………………..19 Supplementation of Cattle with Ethanol Co-Products…………………………...20 Grazed Forage Replacement with Distillers Grains……………………………...23 Storage Methods of Distillers Grains…………………………………………….24 Moisture of Diets………………………………………………………………...26 Research Objectives……………………………………………………………...26 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………..27 EFFECTS OF FEEDING CORN GRAIN AND CORN SILAGE OR GRAZING RESIDUES FROM A SECOND GENERATION INSECT PROTECTED HYBRID (MON 89034) COMPARED TO PARENTAL AND REFERENCE HYBRIDS ON ANIMAL PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS………………...32 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..33 Introduction………………………………………………………………………34 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………...35 Results and Discussion…………………………………………………………..41 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………..45 Tables…………………………………………………………………………….49 EFFECTS OF FORAGE TYPE, STORAGE METHOD, AND MOISTURE LEVEL IN CROP RESIDUES MIXED WITH MODIFIED DISTILLERS GRAINS………………55 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..56 Introduction………………………………………………………………………57 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………...58 Results and Discussion…………………………………………………………..63 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………70 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………..71 Tables…………………………………………………………………………….73 1 Introduction The introduction of genetically engineered crops to the United States in 1996 has been met with great success and acceptance in conventional agriculture. The incorporation of genes providing insect protection and herbicide resistance has not only led to increased crop yields, but decreased herbicide and pesticide usage. Genetic modifications providing for insect resistance in corn are based upon the insertion of DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis , a native soil bacterium. The foreign DNA produces a crystalline protein that is toxic to several species of insects that harm yields and would otherwise necessitate pesticide applications and more intensive management. Insect protected corn, commonly called Bt corn, was planted on 73% of all corn acres in the United States in 2010 (USDA, 2010). Because such a large percentage of domestic corn production is used as livestock feed, it is necessary to ensure that genetic modifications do not negatively affect the nutritional composition of the grain, silage, or residue. There have been multiple experiments evaluating livestock performance when fed Bt corn, and scientists have concluded that the incorporation of the insect protected gene results in animal performance similar to non-transgenic corn. Nonetheless, different combinations of genes in specific hybrids, often referred to as double or triple stacked hybrids, must be evaluated to ensure acceptance as a livestock feed. The growth of the ethanol industry in the midwestern United States has resulted in the adoption of distillers grains with solubles as a staple in feedlot diets. Typically, cattle on feed numbers decrease in the summer months in the midwest, resulting in decreased 2 demand for distillers grains and seasonally lower prices (Waterbury and Mark, 2008). Producers can take advantage of these lower
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AP-42, CH 9.9.7: Corn Wet Milling
    9.9.7 Corn Wet Milling 9.9.7.1 General1 Establishments in corn wet milling are engaged primarily in producing starch, syrup, oil, sugar, and byproducts such as gluten feed and meal, from wet milling of corn and sorghum. These facilities may also produce starch from other vegetables and grains, such as potatoes and wheat. In 1994, 27 corn wet milling facilities were reported to be operating in the United States. 9.9.7.2 Process Description1-4 The corn wet milling industry has grown in its 150 years of existence into the most diversified and integrated of the grain processing industries. The corn refining industry produces hundreds of products and byproducts, such as high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), corn syrup, starches, animal feed, oil, and alcohol. In the corn wet milling process, the corn kernel (see Figure 9.9.7-1) is separated into 3 principal parts: (1) the outer skin, called the bran or hull; (2) the germ, containing most of the oil; and (3) the endosperm (gluten and starch). From an average bushel of corn weighing 25 kilograms (kg) (56 pounds [lb]), approximately 14 kg (32 lb) of starch is produced, about 6.6 kg (14.5 lb) of feed and feed products, about 0.9 kg (2 lb) of oil, and the remainder is water. The overall corn wet milling process consists of numerous steps or stages, as shown schematically in Figure 9.9.7-2. Shelled corn is delivered to the wet milling plant primarily by rail and truck and is unloaded into a receiving pit.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MON 863 X MON 810, 10/10/2008
    lv/ro 12-D9~ _, l UNITEO: ATES ENVIRONMENTJ&4;f,,\/ECTION c. _::NCY· i OCT 1 P 2008. Ms. Margaret Wideman Regulatory Affairs Manager Monsanto Company 800 North Lindbergh Blvd St.· Louis, MO 63167 Dear Ms. Wideman: Subject: Your February 15,2008 Amendment Requests to Remove the Expiration Dates for Yie1dGard, Yie1dGard Plus Com, and MON 88017 x -MONB 810 EPA Registration Nos. 524-489, 524-545, and 524-552 The amendments referred to above, .submitted in connection with registration under section 3(c)(7)(A)ofthe Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended, are acceptable subject to the following comments. 1) For EPA Registration Numbers 524-489,~52*5~r5, and 524-552: ~) The subject plant-incorporated protectant may be combined through conventional breeding with other registered plant-incorporated protectants. that are similarly approved for use in combination, through conventional breeding, with other plant-incorporated protectants to produce inbred com lines and hybrid com varieties with combined pesticidal traits. b) The subject registration will automatically expire on midnight September 30,2010. We are currently unaware of any issues that would preclude a decision to remove the expiration date in the future.. However, due to other statutory priorities, BPPD's review. of the data and information submitted as conditions of registration is ongoing. Therefore, the expiration date is being extended to match that of com rootworm resistant Bt com as an interim measure. c) Refuge requirements do not apply to seed propagation of inbred and hybrid com seed com up to a total of 20,000 acres per county and up to a combined U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 164/Wednesday, August 25, 2010
    Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 164 / Wednesday, August 25, 2010 / Notices 52329 Those persons who are or, may be Dated: August 17, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: required to conduct testing of chemical Jay S. Ellenberger, Jeannine Kausch, Biopesticides and substances under the Federal Food, Acting Director, Field and External Affairs Pollution Prevention Division (7511P), Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA), or Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. Office of Pesticide Programs, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and [FR Doc. 2010–20842 Filed 8–24–10; 8:45 a.m.] Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). BILLING CODE 6560–50–S Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001; telephone number: B. How Can I Get Copies of this (703) 347–8920; fax number: (703) 305– Document and Other Related ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 0118; e-mail address: Information? AGENCY [email protected]. 1. Docket. EPA has established a SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: docket for this action under docket ID [EPA–HQ–OPP–2010–0699; FRL–8842–8] number EPA–HQ–OPP–2010–0001. I. General Information Corn Event MON 863 and MON 863 x Publicly available docket materials are MON 810; Product Cancellation Order A. Does this Action Apply to Me? available either in the electronic docket for Certain Pesticide Registrations at http://www.regulations.gov, or, if only This action is directed to the public in general, and may be of interest to a available in hard copy, at the Office of AGENCY: Environmental Protection wide range of stakeholders including Pesticide Programs (OPP) Regulatory Agency (EPA). environmental, human health, and Public Docket in Rm.
    [Show full text]
  • ORIGINAL ARTICLES Corn Diseases and Management
    39 Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(1): 39-43, 2013 ISSN 1819-544X This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed ORIGINAL ARTICLES Corn Diseases and Management Wafaa M. Haggag Department of Plant Pathology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. ABSTRACT There are many diseases of corn caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria and nematodes. Diseases of corn cause yearly losses from two to seven percent, but in some localized areas, oneor more diseases may become acute and destroy a larger percentage of the crop. Key word: Introduction Corn is the second most important crop (750,000 feddans) in Egypt. Egypt produces about 5.9 million tons of corn annually, and is expect to import about 4.5 million tons in 2006. Its main use is in cooking, where its high smoke point makes refined corn oil a valuable frying oil. Different types of products can be created from corn, such as corn flour, cornflake, corn syrup, popcorn, rice corn and corn soap. Even corn whiskey. Corn syrup, which is one of several natural sweeteners derived from corn starch, is used in a wide variety of food products. It is rich in linoleic acid, one of the three essential fatty acids. Corn has many uses throughout the food chain as feed for animals and as an ingredient on its own. However , manycorn fields in Egypt develop disease problems every year that affect yield and quality of the grain crop. As history has shown repeatedly, corn diseases can and do periodically cause significant yield losses in patterns that are difficult to predict in advance.
    [Show full text]
  • Consultancy Support for the Analysis of the Impact of GM Crops on UK Farm Profitability
    Consultancy support for the analysis of the impact of GM crops on UK farm profitability Final report Submitted to The Strategy Unit of the Cabinet Office By PG Economics Ltd April 29th 2003 NOTE: THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS REPORT ARE THOSE OF PG ECONOMICS, AND NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF THE STRATEGY UNIT PG Economics Ltd, Dorchester, Dorset Consultancy support for the impact of GM crops on UK farm profitability Disclaimer A number of different sources of information were used in compiling this report. It also contains some forecasts and estimates. It therefore remains possible that the report contains inaccuracies. The authors do not accept any liability arising from any such errors or omissions and shall not be liable for any loss or damage suffered as a result of any information given in this publication Page: 2 Final report for the SU by PG Economics Ltd Consultancy support for the impact of GM crops on UK farm profitability Table of contents Executive summary.................................................................................................................. 8 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 18 1.1 Objectives.................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Boundaries of the research............................................................................................ 18 1.3 Methodology ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Event-Specific Method for the Quantitation of Maize Line MON 863 Using Real-Time PCR Validation Report
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL JRC JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CONSUMER PROTECTION COMMUNITY REFERENCE LABORATORY FOR GM FOOD AND FEED Event-specific method for the quantitation of maize line MON 863 using real-time PCR Validation Report Biotechnology & GMOs Unit Institute for Health and Consumer Protection DG JRC 31 January 2005 Executive Summary The JRC as Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) for the GM Food and Feed (see Regulation EC 1829/2003), in collaboration with the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL), has carried out a collaborative study to assess the performance of a quantitative event-specific method to detect and quantify the MON 863 transformation event in maize flour. The collaborative trial was conducted according to internationally accepted guidelines. Monsanto Company provided the method-specific reagents (primers, probes, reaction master mix), whereas the IRMM/JRC prepared the test samples (GM and non-GM maize flour). The trial involved twelve laboratories from eight European Countries. The results of the collaborative trial have fully met ENGL’s performance requirements and the scientific understanding about satisfactory method performance. Therefore, the JRC as Community Reference Laboratory considers the method validated as fit for the purpose of regulatory compliance. The results of the collaborative study are publicly available under http://gmo-crl.jrc.it/. The method will also be submitted to CEN, the European Standardisation body, to be considered as international standard. Contents 1. INTRODUCTION p. 3 2. LIST of PARTICIPANTS p. 4 3. MATERIAL p. 5 4. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGH p. 6 5. MWTHODS p. 6 - Description of the operational steps p. 6 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Food and Feed Safety and Nutritional Assessment of MON 88017 Corn
    and and regime. AG Bayer property protectionpublishing of contents its parties.data therefore and/oror affiliates. property intellectualthird may its as the of and is regulatory owner. a document any such its reproductiondocument Food and Feed Safety and Nutrit owner this of under of rightsthe this Conclusion Based on Data and Information Evaluated According to FDA’s Policy documentand/or rights to of fall use of the This may distribution,and rights owner subject be the violate copy of and may documentpublication, It exploitation this any permission on Foods from New Plant Varieties prohibited the commercial be ional Assessment of MON 88017 Corn Furthermore,any Consequently,without March 30, 2004 Monsanto # 04-CR-109F FDA BNF 97 Prepared by: Contributors : Submitted by: Monsanto Company 800 NorthMonsanto Lindbergh Company Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63167 # 04-CR-109F Page 1 of 223 and and regime. AG Bayer property protectionpublishing of contents its parties.data therefore and/oror affiliates. property intellectualthird may its as the of and is regulatory owner. a document any such its reproductiondocument owner this of PART I:…………………………………………………………………………… 2 under of this rightsthe Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………. 2 documentand/or of rights to of fall use List of Tables……………………………………………………………………... 6 the List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….. 8 This may distribution,and rights owner Certification………………………………………………………………………. 10 subject Release of Information……………………………………………………………. 11 the be violate Abbreviations and Definitions……………………………………………………. 12 copy of and Narrative Summary……………………………………………………………….. 16 may documentpublication, TABLE OF CONTENTS It exploitation this PART II: Synopsis of consultation summary……………………………………..PART 20 I: any Section 1. Name and address of the submitter…………………………….……... 20 permission prohibited Section 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegane Z Lovom Se Ne V Zapor Da Regulirati Divjih Svinj
    32 DRUŠTVO ZA OSVOBODITEV ŽIVALI / LETNIK 13, DECEMBER 2016/ BREZPLAČEN IZVOD VEGANE Z LOVOM SE NE V ZAPOR DA REGULIRATI DIVJIH SVINJ Ali imamo pravico ljudem govoriti, da je njihov odnos do živali neprimeren? Lažno poročanje slovenskih medijev KRAVJE Kakšen je v resnici MLEKO položaj veganov v Italiji ? WWW.OSVOBODITEV-ZIVALI.ORG JEZUS SE JE ZAVZEMAL TUDI ZA ŽIVALI, ZATO NAJ BODO VSAJ PRAZNIKI BREZ KLANJA. REHABILITACIJA KRISTUSA POMENI TUDI REHABILITACIJO ODNOSA DO ŽIVALI. Prodajno mesto in sprejem naročil: Multimedijski center Beseda KMALU Tel. 05 901 67 35, GSM 031 325 712 NOVA Tel. 01 505 57 99 ( K naravi d.o.o) KNJIGA! Celovška c. 87, 1000 Ljubljana www.rehabilitacija-kristusa.de Uvodnik Odnos ljudi do drugih živali je pogosto 3 UVODNIK nelogičen. Na eni strani nezdrava obse- 4 ALI IMAMO PRAVICO LJUDEM GOVORITI, DA JE NJIHOV ODNOS DO ŽIVALI NEPRIMEREN? denost s »hišnimi ljubljenčki«, na drugi 6 VEGANE V ZAPOR strani ignorantski odnos do živali, ki so 9 VEGANSKA PREHRANA ZA OTROKE žrtve mesarjev, ribičev in lovcev. Ljudje, 10 LAŽNO POROČANJE SLOVENSKIH MEDIJEV 11 MOJE ŽIVLJENJE NA KMETIJI ki se jim upira misel jesti pse, brez pomi- 13 KRAVE – DEJSTVA IN ZLORABE sleka naročijo teletino. Razlika v odnosu 15 KRAVJE MLEKO ni odvisna le od živalske vrste. Suženjstvo, 18 JE ŽIVALI V PRAVU MOGOČE PRIZNATI KOT OSEBE S SVOJSTVENIMI PRAVICAMI? mučenje in umore podpirajo, dokler se 21 VETERINARSKA AKUPUNKTURA to dogaja daleč od oči. Ko pa so soočeni 24 IZOBRAŽEVANJE ZA POKLIC MESARJA z usodo posameznika, reagirajo drugače. 28 PEGGYJINA POT V SVOBODO 30 6. MEDNARODNA KONFERENCA AKTIVISTOV ZA PRAVICE ŽIVALI V tokratni številki ponovno objavljamo 33 PESMI članke, ki govorijo o pomoči posamezni- 33 VABILO KMETOVALCEM MIROLJUBNEGA KMETIJSTVA ka posamezniku – pujsu, kuncu, kravi.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Sugar, Popcorn, Sugar, Light Corn Syrup, Coconut
    Caramel corn & pretzel Ingredients Buttery Caramel Corn INGREDIENTS: Brown Sugar, Popcorn, Sugar, Light Corn Syrup, Coconut Oil (pure coconut oil, beta carotene), Butter (cream, salt), Natural Flavor, Artificial Flavor [(salt, artificial butter flavor, FD&C Yellow #5 Lake (E102), FD&C Yellow #6 Lake (E110)], Baking Soda (sodium bicarbonate), Salt. Contains Milk, Peanut Chicago Style INGREDIENTS: Caramel Corn [Brown Sugar, Corn Syrup, Popcorn, Sugar, Water, Coconut Oil (pure coconut oil, beta carotene), Butter (cream, salt), Contains Less than 2% of Natural Flavor, Salt, Baking Soda (sodium bicarbonate), Artificial Butter Flavor, FD&C Yellow #5 Lake (E102)], Cheese Popcorn [Popcorn, Pan Release [corn oil, soy lecithin, beta carotene (color), artifical butter flavor], Coconut Oil (pure coconut oil, beta carotene), Cheddar Cheese Blend [Cheddar Cheese (pasteurized milk, culture, salt, enzymes), whey, buttermilk, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, sweet cream, salt, lactic acid, disodium phosphate, FD & C yellow 6, annatto extract], Salt, Artificial Butter Flavor, FD&C Yellow #5 Lake (E102) Contains Milk, So Chocolate Delight INGREDIENTS: Dark Chocolate Flavored Confectioners Coating [sugar, vegetable oils (palm kernel and partially hydrogenated palm), cocoa, skim milk, cocoa (processed with alkali), vanilla, natural and artificial flavors, sorbitan tristearate and soy lecithin (emulsifiers), salt], Caramel Popcorn [Brown Sugar, Corn Syrup, Popcorn, Sugar, Water, Coconut Oil (pure coconut oil, beta carotene), Butter (cream, salt), Contains Less than 2% of Natural Flavor, Salt, Baking Soda (sodium bicarbonate), Artificial Butter Flavor, FD&C Yellow #5 Lake (E102)], White Confectioners Coating [sugar, partially hydrogenated palm kernel oil, nonfat milk powder, soy lecithin (emulsifier), monoglycerides, artificial color (titanium dioxide), artificial flavor] Contains Milk, Soy.
    [Show full text]
  • 04 12501P Com.Pdf
    APHIS’ Analysis and Response to Comments Received on Petition 04-125-01p and the EA A total of nineteen comments were submitted during the designated 60 day comment period. Eight comments submitted were in favor of deregulation of MON 88017. Four of these eight submissions were from state corn grower associations. All four state corn grower associations cited corn rootworm (CRW) as a significant pest in their respective states, and embraced any technology that helps to improve corn productivity. A university professional wrote in support of MON 88017 because it provides root protection equivalent to the granular insecticide FORCE 3G (pyrethroid type insecticide) in heavily CRW-infested soil. Another university professional wrote in support of MON 88017 and also noted the efficacy of rootworm control compared to conventional insecticide treatment. She also discussed the tangible risk to non-target species and to humans with conventional insecticides and noted that many corn producers can recount a personal experience of insecticide poisoning often due to the handling of soil insecticide. She stated that MON 88017 will play a continuing role in decreasing the use of broad-spectrum organophosphates and pyrethroid insecticides. Another university professional wrote in support of MON 88017 citing it as a “valuable pest management tactic” that not only reduces soil insecticide load, but will also decrease herbicides that leach into the ground water because of decreased use of both herbicides with high residual activity and toxic insecticides such as certain organophosates during crop growth. APHIS agrees with the above comments. A veterinarian wrote in favor of MON 88017 and also responded to issues in comments in opposition to deregulation of MON 88017.
    [Show full text]
  • The Corn Refining Process
    The Corn Refining Process or more than 150 years, corn refiners have been perfecting the process of separating corn into its Fcomponent parts to create a myriad of value added products. The corn wet milling process separates corn into its four basic components: starch, germ, fiber, and protein. There are five basic steps to accomplish this process. First the incoming corn is inspected and cleaned. Then it is steeped for 30 to 40 hours to begin breaking the starch and protein bonds. The next step in the process involves a coarse grind to separate the germ from the rest of the kernel. The remaining slurry consisting of fiber, starch, and protein is finely ground and screened to separate the fiber from the starch and protein. The starch is separated from the remaining slurry in hydrocyclones. The starch then can be converted to syrup or it can be made into several other products through a fermentation process. Inspection & Cleaning Corn refiners use #2 yellow dent corn, which is removed from the cob during harvesting. An average bushel of yellow dent corn weighs 56 pounds. Approximately 70 percent of the kernel is starch (from the endosperm), about 10 percent is protein (predominantly gluten), four percent is oil (extracted from the germ), and two percent is fiber (from the hull). It is the goal of the corn refining process to separate each component and then further refine it into specific products. Corn arrives at the refining facility by truck, barge or railcar. Refinery staff inspect arriving corn shipments and clean them twice to remove pieces of cob, dust, chaff, and foreign materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Content of Fatty Acids in Corn (Zea Mays L.) Oil from Ecuador
    Online - 2455-3891 Vol 10, Issue 8, 2017 Print - 0974-2441 Research Article CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) OIL FROM ECUADOR CARRILLO W1*, CARPIO C2, MORALES D1, VILCACUNDO E2, ÁLVAREZ M1, SILVA M1 1Research Department, Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Science and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Av. Los Chasquis y Rio Payamino, Campus Huachi, CP 1801334, Ambato, Ecuador. 2Research Department, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Bolivar State University, Academic Campus “Alpachaca” Av. Ernesto Che Guevara s/n y Av. Gabriel Secaira, EC. 020150, Guaranda, Ecuador. Email: [email protected] Received: 30 March 2017, Revised and Accepted: 27 April 2017 ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the fatty acids content in corn seeds oil (Zea mays) sample cultivated in Ecuador. Methods: Corn oil was obtained from corn oil seeds using the cold pressing method. Methyl esters fatty acids analysis were carried out using the gas chromatography (GC) method with a mass selective detector and using the database library NIST 14.L to identify the compounds present in the corn seed oil. Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from corn (Z. mays) seeds using the GC mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical method. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GS-MS method. Corn oil has a high content of linoleic acid (omega 6) with a value of 52.68% of the total content of fatty acids in corn oil and 29.70% of oleic acid (omega 9) of the total content of fatty acids in corn oil.
    [Show full text]