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Kura Marie Teira Taylor Te Atiawa Paake Reflections on the Playgrounds of My Life

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Kura Marie Teira Taylor Te Atiawa Paake Reflections on the Playgrounds of My Life KURA MARIE TEIRA TAYLOR TE ATIAWA PAAKE REFLECTIONS ON THE PLAYGROUNDS OF MY LIFE Kura Marie Teira Taylor A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Stout Research Centre for New Zealand Studies Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Victoria University of Wellington, 2018 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to: My parents, the late Mouti Erueti Mira Teira Taylor and the late Gracey Nora Skelton Taylor My son Adrian Taylor and wife Susan (nee Darney) My three mokopuna, grandsons: the late Michael Mouti Taylor, B Phys Ed, B Physio (partial), Otago (1 December 1988 – 17 June 2013) Moe moe ra taku mokopuna ataahua John Erueti Taylor, B Sc (Geology), Otago and Anthony Adrian Taylor, Building and Construction, New Plymouth Ma te wa, taku mokopuna, Kia kaha, kia manawanui, kia tau te rangimarie. ii ABSTRACT This thesis is about constructing an indigenous autobiographical narrative of my life as an Aotearoa/New Zealand Te Atiawa Iwi Paake, adult, Maori woman teacher, claiming Maori/Pakeha identity. Three Maori theoretical approaches underpin the thesis: Kaupapa Maori; Mana Wahine, Maori Feminism; and Aitanga. Kaupapa Maori takes for granted being Maori; Maori language, te reo Maori; and tikanga, Maori cultural practices. Whakapapa, Maori descent lines and Pakeha genealogy connect with Maori/Pakeha identity. Mana Wahine, Maori Feminism, is about how Maori women live their lives and view their worlds. Aitanga relates to the distribution of power and Maori as active participants in social relationships. Eight decades of problematic, complex, multi-layered, multi-sited, multi-faceted life experiences of one Maori woman teacher are explored. Memories and events are presented through a metaphor of ‘play’ in a socially constructed milieu of power relationships, language and dialogic encounters reflected upon and analysed. Three main recurring themes of Whakapapa and Identity, Cultural Navigation and Cultural Flexibility, Resilience and Endurance, are woven into the thesis fabric. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Nga Mate, those who have passed on and who deserve particular mention for the wonderful memories that I treasure: My first grandson Michael Mouti Taylor (1 December 1988 – 17 June 2013), Te Atiawa iwi, Ngati Rahiri and Puketapu hapu, Bachelor of Physical Education, Bachelor of Physiotherapy (Partial) Otago, budding Physiotherapist, whose early years I was very fortunate to share. As a young man Michael later monitored my post-surgery exercise and swim programmes with the energy, wit, humour and exuberance of youth. He also wrote me proper letters about his university studies, student life style, sporting developments, future possibilities and news of family. My nephew, Peter Errol Karipi Ngatai, Te Atiawa and Ngati Mutunga Iwi, who designed my personal moko kauwae, woman’s chin tattoo, adorning the spine of my Master’s thesis. Peter also carved ‘Tokotoko’, my personal walking/talking stick, depicting his interpretation of my achievements along the pathways of my life. My very dear friend Ramai Hayward, for her inspiring telephone calls and notes of encouragement, but more importantly for unexpectedly producing, in the form of an old sepia photograph, the painting of my father’s whangai parent, foster mother, Harimate Epiha: ‘for all your achievements that have never been acknowledged dear’.1 My wonderful friend Joy Rakena, whom I met at Christchurch Teachers’ Training College, who shared her family with me, kept my feet on the ground, talked much common sense when I needed it and regularly visited my mother. My precious aunt, Ngapera Taupiri Teira, Aunty Pera, my father’s sister, who signed the application to the Maori Land Court to constitute the Ngahina Trust. The original Ngahina Trust families of Beneficial Owners and their descendants, who changed my retirement years in ways I had never ever envisaged. 1 Ramai Hayward, personal communication, 1994. iv My cousins, the late Te Akerama Manuka Taiaki and his sister, the late Wharemawhai Mina TimuTimu, for contributions to historical information, tenor of meetings, and guidance for my Maori language presentations. Paul Brunton, close friend and first Chartered Accountant for Ngahina Trust, who, under pressure of early Paraparaumu land sales, said, ‘Now hang on a minute. What can we save for the owners?’ Paul often commented on his interpretation of what he termed “historic dishonourable treatment’ by Pakeha towards the Ngahina Trust Maori Beneficial Owners. Bruce Mansell, Chairman Alpha Corporation, Coastlands Shopping Town Limited, Paraparaumu, and Ngahina Developments Limited, veteran of the Boardroom, who said, ‘I don’t know what is wrong with them, I don’t have a problem with you.’ I sat in meetings with Bruce for thirty years, always learning something new. John McKenzie, NZEI, greeting me with, ‘Happiness is Marie Taylor!’ The thirty close friends and relatives who passed away between June 2013 and November 2017, who also trod the highways and byways of life with me. Moe moe ra koutou. Kia ora mo to mahi me nga korero. Moe moe ra. Moe moe ra. Inevitably over eighty years, there are many others who have touched my life, engaging in both positive and negative learning experiences, and to whom I would also like to register my heartfelt and unreserved thanks. School Committees, teachers, parents and children at schools to which I was appointed, who participated in, and contributed to, the joy in learning that we shared throughout my forty years of growth as a teacher. The New Zealand Educational Institute, in particular Helen Anderson and Joh Cogle, for their friendship and enlightening experiences that broadened my learning as an adult. Our discussions in the fields of meeting procedures, teacher politics, v persistent questioning of government policies leading to educational change, and international travel to Switzerland were opportunities that contributed markedly to my growth. Most important are the management skills I learned and was able to transfer to the administration of the Ngahina Trust and the development of business relationships during my third age. The Beneficial Owners of Ngahina Trust, some travelling long distances, who regularly participate in the decision-making processes and activities of the Trust. The Directors of Coastlands ShoppingTown and Ngahina Developments Limited, who continue to guide Ngahina Trust through land retention and development projects on our Maori ancestral land, located in Paraparaumu on the Kapiti Coast of New Zealand. The women of the Arahina Branch Maori Women’s Welfare League, Dominion Executive, Regional Council, and members I encountered in the course of my membership and while in office, for the Maori intangibles they brought to my life. The members of the New Zealand Teacher Registration Board and the Auckland College of Education Council, with whom I sat through many years of meetings. My friends: Pam and Barry Darney, for information about early Waitara, copying of photographs and support; Natalie Horter (nee Rowe); Nan Lineham (nee Tamati); Betty Miege (nee Tate); Waiora Port; Joce Jesson; Maxine Stevenson; Terehia Brock; Gloria Culley; Jan Taylor; and Ellen Chan, for their encouragement and interest in my writing and general wellbeing. My huānga, Dr Helène Connor, for her inspirational conversations, interactions and practical encouragement throughout the writing of this thesis. My immediate family: Adrian and Susan, the late Michael Mouti, John and Anthony, of whom I am so inordinately proud; my parents, the late Mouti and Nora Taylor; my brothers, sisters and extended Maori/Pakeha relatives and families. vi My supervisors, Dr Kay Morris Matthews, who began this journey with me, Dr Richard Hill, and Dr Lydia Wevers, and also Dr Anne Else, who so ably supported, encouraged and advised me during this project. Who and what I came from have gone a long way towards forming what I have become. My heartfelt thanks to all who have touched my life in so many different ways and participated in my forming. Every encounter has been a learning experience. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................... viii CHRONOLOGY OF KURA MARIE TEIRA TAYLOR’S LIFE .......................................................................................... xi ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... xiv SECTION ONE .......................................................................................................................................................................... xiv PROLOGUE ...................................................................................................................................................................................xv
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