DOCSLIB.ORG

Spillway Modifications, Miraflores Dam Panama Canal Zone

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spillway Modifications, Miraflores Dam Panama Canal Zone s134 n0. 2-667 c.2 TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 2-667 SPILLWAY MODIFICATIONS, MIRAFLORES DAM PANAMA CANAL ZONE Hydraulic Model Investigation by T. E. Murphy P. S. Cummins, Jr. January 1965 Sponsored by The Panama Canal Company Conducted by U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station CORPS OF ENGINEERS VichsIEI dvr RTURN TO ca 23 9 COAST AL ENINERNGRESEARCH GENTER I U58 TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 2-667 SPILLWAY MODIFICATIONS, MIRAFLORES DAM PANAMA CANAL ZONE Hydraulic Model Investigation by T. E. Murphy R. S. Cummins, Jr. January 1965 Sponsored by The Panama Canal Company Conducted by U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station CORPS OF ENGINEERS Vicksburg, Mississippi ARMY-MRtC VICKSBURG, MISS. FOREWORD Model studies of the Miraflores Dam spillway were requested by the Panama Canal Company in a letter to the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) dated 10 October 1961. Tests were authorized by the Office, Chief of Engineers, in the first indorsement, dated 24 October 1961, to a letter from the WES, "Request for Authority to Conduct Model Studies of Miraflores Dam Spillway," dated 20 Octobe 1961. The tests were conducted at WES during the period February to September 1962 under the general supervision of Mr. E. Fortson, Jr., Chief of the Hydraulics Division, and Mr. F. R. Brown, Chief of the Hydrodynamics Branch, and under the direct supervision of Mr. T. E. Murphy, Chief of the Structures Section. In immediate charge of the model were Messrs. R. S. Cummins, Jr., and E. S. Melsheimer, assisted by Messrs. J. A. Conway and E. A. Graves. This report was prepared by Mr. Murphy with the assist- ance of Mr. Cummins. During the course of the investigation, Messrs. J. M. Cooke and A. R. Nard of the Panama Canal Company visited the WES to discuss test results and correlate these results with planning being done by the Panama Canal Company. Director of the WES during the testing program and the preparation of this report was Col. Alex G. Sutton, Jr., CE. Technical Director was Mr. J. B. Tiffany. iii CONTENTS Page 'FOREWORD " " " ! " " " " " " M " 4 " " ! " " " iii SUMMARY 000000. " " " " " i " " " " " " " " ! " " " " vii PART I: INTRODUCTION ....... """.. 1- The Prototype . .. ............... Purpose of Model Tests............... .. .. .. .. ... PART II: THE MODELS 0........... .......................... 3 Description...... " 3 Appurtenances ..... " " 5 Scale Relations . " 5 Test Conditions . .. " " 6 Presentation of Data " 6 PART III: TESTS AND RESULTS " Existing Conditions # 7 Stone Protection . " " 8 Stilling Basins .... " " 9 Recommended Design ... " M 10 PART IV: DISCUSSION.. .. .. 0 " A i " M A " " A M A " " " 12 TABLE 1 PHOTOGRAPHS 1-5 PLATES 1-16 V SUMMARY Miraflores Dam spillway is a gravity ogee section designed for a maximum head on the crest of 18 ft. The spillway is composed of eight 45-ft-wide bays with vertical-lift gates. The spillway crest is at elevation 38.67 and the downstream face of the spillway is terminated by a 38-ft radius which brings the toe tangent to a horizontal plane at elevation -15. No stilling basin is provided. Since the spillway was put in operation in 1917 a maximum flow of 25,290 cfs has been experienced. This flow is about one-fourth of the spillway design flood. Erosion of the rock downstream fromri the tae of the spillway has progressed until the dam is in danger of partial failure. Model investigations on a 1:36-scale general model and 1:20- and 1:50-scale section models were made to determine the suitability of various schemes for protection against further erosion and for develop- ment of design details of the selected scheme. Results indicated that adequate protection would be provided by addition of a stilling basin consisting of a 40-ft-long apron terminated by a 3-ft-high dentated end sill. vii ".Gm o ;Fe * PEDRO .0 * MIGUEL x# *vLOCKS ',. r MIRAFLORES LAKE MIAFORS A MIRARFLLRSREA SCALE IN! MILESLORS 5*0 ," 1 Fig.1.ocaton ac SPILLWAY MODIFICATIONS, MIRAFLORES DAM, PANAMA CANAL ZONE Hydraulic Model Investigation PART I: INTRODUCTION The Prototype 1. The Miraflores Dam spillway is used to discharge flow from Miraflores Lake which forms a section of the Panama Canal about 1.7 miles long near the Pacific Ocean (fig. 1). The lake level is maintained between elevations 53.67 and 56.67.* The spillway (plate 1) is a gravity ogee sec- tion with crest at elevation 38.67, and is composed of eight 45-ft-wide bays with vertical-lift gates. The downstream face of the spillway is terminated by a 38-ft radius which brings the toe tangent to a horizontal plane at elevation -15. No stilling basin is provided. When the spillway was constructed (in 1917), the top of what was considered relatively good rock immediately downstream also was at elevation -15. However, inspection of records indicates that this rock was closely jointed and that the strata dipped downstream. 2. The spillway is designed for a maximum discharge of about 100,000 cfs. Records of spillway operation show that between the years 1917 and 1957, inclusive, there have been 19 occasions on which the flow exceeded 10,000 cfs, and 5 on which flow exceeded 20,000 cfs. The maximum discharge, which occurred in 1932, amounted to 25,290 cfs. This discharge was passed through only five of the eight gates with three gates open 7.8 ft and two gates open 5.2 ft. 3. Erosion of the rock downstream from the toe of the spillway was noted following initial operation of the structure, and this erosion has progressed to such an extent that the dam is considered to be in danger of partial failure. Purpose of Model Tests 4. Several schemes were considered for protection of the Miraflores * All elevations are in feet referred to mean sea level. Dam spillway against further erosion at the downstream toe. Model tests were considered desirable for determination of the suitability of the various schemes considered and for development of design details of the selected scheme. 5. Specifically, model tests were used for study of details of pro- posed concrete aprons and precast concrete block protective works. In addition, study was made of flow conditions at the spillway training walls, the need for excavation in the exit area, and the desirability of a spe- cific gate operating schedule. PART II: THE MODELS Description 6. Three models were constructed for study of the problems at hand. A general model, at a scale of 1:36, was used for study of flow conditions at the training walls, determination of the need for excavation in the exit area, and development of a satisfactory gate operating schedule. A 1:20-scale section model was used for study of details of the proposed concrete aprons and precast blocks. Finally, a 1:50-scale section model was used for illustration of the flow conditions. 7. The general model of Miraflores Dam spillway reproduced about 500 ft of the approach, the spillway, and about 1700 ft of exit channel including the Miraflores Bridge (figs. 2 and 3). The overbank, approach, and exit areas were molded in cement mortar brought to grade through the use of sheet metal templets. The ogee crest, crest piers, training walls, and bridge were fabricated from sheet metal, and the stilling basin Fig. 2. General plan and model limits 3 ~1 - - Fig. 3. The 1:36-scale general model elements were constructed of wood treated to resist expansion. 8. The 1:20-scale section model was constructed in a flume which had glass panels for one side. The model reproduced a 45-ft-wide section of a short portion of the approach, the spillway, and 250 ft of exit channel. 9. The 1:50-scale section model was constructed in a 1-ft-wide glass-sided flume and was used primarily for illustrating flow conditions. A moving picture film of this model showing action at the toe of the spill- way under as-built conditions and with the recommended stilling basin apron installed was furnished engineers of the Panama Canal. Appurtenances 10. The water used in model testing was supplied by pumps from a sump system with flow rates measured by venturi and orifice meters. Steel rails graded to specific elevations were placed along the sides of the flumes and provided a datum plane for measurements. These rails were marked to indicate distances upstream and downstream from the spill- way crest. Velocities were measured using pitot tubes, and stopwatch timing of floatage. Current patterns were determined using confetti sprinkled on the surface and dye injected below the surface. Scale Relations 11. The accepted equations of hydraulic similitude, based on Froude's law, were used to express mathematical relations between dimensions and hydraulic quantities of the model and prototype. General relations for transference of model data to prototype equivalents are as follows: Dimension Ratio Scale Relations Length L 1:36 1:20 1:50 r 2 Area A = L 1:1296 1:400 1:2500 r r Velocity V = L1/2 1:6 1:4.47 1:7.07 Discharge Q = L5/2 1:7776 1:1789 1:17,678 12. Model measurements of discharge, water-surface elevations, and velocities can be transferred quantitatively to prototype equivalents by means of the preceding scale relations. Also, the limited experimental data which are available indicate that the prototype-to-model scale ratio is valid for scaling rock in the sizes used in this investigation. Test Conditions 13. Tests involving partial gate openings were conducted with the upper pool at elevation 56.67. All proposed remedial measures were tested at the design discharge of 100,000 cfs and minimum tailwater. Also, per- formance of the favorable designs was observed at a range of tailwater elevations and lesser discharges.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Project JYP-1104 SALT INTRUSION in GATUN LAKE a Major Qualifying
    Project JYP-1104 SALT INTRUSION IN GATUN LAKE A Major Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Assel Akhmetova Cristina Crespo Edwin Muñiz March 11, 2012 Jeanine D. Plummer, Major Advisor Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering 1. Gatun Lake 2. Salt Intrusion 3. Panama Canal Abstract The expansion of the Panama Canal is adding another lock lane to the canal, allowing passage of larger ships. Increases in the number of transits and the size of the locks may displace more salt from the oceans into the freshwater lake, Gatun Lake, which is a drinking water source for Panama City. This project evaluated future salinity levels in Gatun Lake. Water quality and hydrometeorological data were input into a predictive hydrodynamic software package to project salinity levels in the lake after the new lock system is completed. Modeling results showed that salinity levels are expected to remain in the freshwater range. In the event that the lake becomes brackish, the team designed a water treatment plant using electrodialysis reversal for salt removal and UV light disinfection. ii Executive Summary The Panama Canal runs from the Pacific Ocean in the southeast to the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest over a watershed area containing the freshwater lake, Gatun Lake. The canal facilitates the transit of 36 ships daily using three sets of locks, which displace large volumes of water into and out of Gatun Lake. The displacement of water has the potential to cause salt intrusion into the freshwater Gatun Lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Panamax - Wikipedia 4/20/20, 1018 AM
    Panamax - Wikipedia 4/20/20, 1018 AM Panamax Panamax and New Panamax (or Neopanamax) are terms for the size limits for ships travelling through the Panama Canal. General characteristics The limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Panamax Authority (ACP) in a publication titled "Vessel Requirements".[1] Tonnage: 52,500 DWT These requirements also describe topics like exceptional dry Length: 289.56 m (950 ft) seasonal limits, propulsion, communications, and detailed ship design. Beam: 32.31 m (106 ft) Height: 57.91 m (190 ft) The allowable size is limited by the width and length of the available lock chambers, by the depth of water in the canal, and Draft: 12.04 m (39.5 ft) by the height of the Bridge of the Americas since that bridge's Capacity: 5,000 TEU construction. These dimensions give clear parameters for ships Notes: Opened 1914 destined to traverse the Panama Canal and have influenced the design of cargo ships, naval vessels, and passenger ships. General characteristics New Panamax specifications have been in effect since the opening of Panamax the canal in 1914. In 2009 the ACP published the New Panamax Tonnage: 120,000 DWT specification[2] which came into effect when the canal's third set of locks, larger than the original two, opened on 26 June 2016. Length: 366 m (1,201 ft) Ships that do not fall within the Panamax-sizes are called post- Beam: 51.25 m (168 ft) Panamax or super-Panamax. Height: 57.91 m (190 ft) The increasing prevalence of vessels of the maximum size is a Draft: 15.2 m (50 ft) problem for the canal, as a Panamax ship is a tight fit that Capacity: 13,000 TEU requires precise control of the vessel in the locks, possibly resulting in longer lock time, and requiring that these ships Notes: Opened 2016 transit in daylight.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama Canal Railway Coordinates: 8.97702°N 79.56773°W from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Panama Canal Railway Coordinates: 8.97702°N 79.56773°W From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Panama Canal Railway is a railway line that runs parallel to the Panama Canal, linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in Central America. The Panama Canal Railway Company route stretches 47.6 miles (76.6 km) across the Isthmus of Panama from Colón (Atlantic) to Balboa (Pacific, near Panama City). It is operated by Panama Canal Railway Company (reporting mark: PCRC), which is jointly owned by Kansas City Southern and Mi-Jack Products. [2] The Panama Canal Railway currently provides both freight and passenger service. The infrastructure of this railroad (formerly named the Panama Railway or Panama Rail Road ) was of vital importance for the construction of the Panama Canal over a parallel route half a century later. The principal incentive for the building of the rail line was the vast increase in traffic to California owing to the 1849 California Gold Rush. Construction on the Panama Railroad began in 1850 and the first revenue train ran over the full length on January 28, 1855. [3] Referred to as an inter-oceanic railroad when it opened, [4] it was later also described by some as representing a "transcontinental" railroad, despite only transversing the narrow isthmus connecting the North and South American continents.[5][6][7][8] Contents 1 History of earlier isthmus crossings and plans 2 1855 Panama Railroad 2.1 Construction Current Panama Canal Railway line 2.2 Financing (interactive version)[1] 2.3 Death toll Legend 2.4 Cadaver
    [Show full text]
  • PANAMA CANAL PANAMA Connecting Hemispheres in Panama 8 DAYS | Choose Your Dates
    MIRAFLORES LOCKS, PANAMA CANAL PANAMA Connecting Hemispheres in Panama 8 DAYS | Choose your dates About this trip Your students will... Connecting the ecosystems and civilizations of two continents, • Visit a coffee farm and discuss the importance of Panama is an ideal classroom for examining topics of biology, pollination and sustainable culture, engineering, and more. Compare rainforest and cloud forest farming. habitats while observing neotropical wildlife. Spend the day with an • Learn about medicinal plants in the rainforest with indigenous tribe to learn about their way of life. Analyze the lasting an Emberá village elder. effects of the country’s early colonial roots, its role in World War II, • Delve into the country’s history on a stroll through and the construction of the famed Panama Canal. Finally, discuss the parks and colorful streets how modern Panamanians are looking ahead to a sustainable future. of Casco Viejo, Panama City’s historical center. • Gain a deeper Educational Connections What’s included? understanding of the engineering marvel that is • Bilingual local guide the Panama Canal during a • Driver visit to the Miraflores Locks • Accommodations Visitor Center. Interdisciplinary Natural Studies History • Activities • Enjoy fun adventure • Private transportation activities, including • Meals whitewater rafting, kayaking, and guided rainforest and • Beverages with meals cloud forest hikes. • Carbon offsetting Cultural Adventure Studies Learning holbrooktravel.com | 800-451-7111 Itinerary BLD = BREAKFAST, LUNCH, DINNER relocation during canal expansion, and meet their animal ambassadors. This afternoon, go kayaking on the Chagres River. After dinner meet with Yaguara Conservation to learn about the plight of the jaguar DAY 1 - PANAMA CITY and measures taken to replenish the wild cat population.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Railway Company Since 1855
    The Panama Canal Railway Company Since 1855 2020 Overview of the Panama Canal Railway Company ◼ Contract Law awarded on February 17, 1998 ◼ 50-year concession ◼ US$175 million investment to date ◼ 65mph railroad, 47 miles long ◼ Contiguous to all ports ◼ 300 ft right-of-way ◼ In-Bond, Customs Primary Zone 2 Panama Canal Railway Company – Milestones 02/98: PCRC 07/07: First Contract 2019: 300,000 07/01: Passenger Concession Granted; 2005: 100,000 Awarded for Canal Containers Service Begins JV formed Containers Expansion 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2016 2019 02/00: Construction 12/01: Freight Service 10/06: Vote for Canal 6/16: Expanded Canal Begins Begins Expansion Inaugurated Joint Venture Partners 3 Mainline ◼ One Mainline - 75 km length ◼ Maximum Elevation 1.24% ◼ 2 Automated Sidings ◼ 24 Public Crossings ◼ 3 Hot Wheel and Dragging Equipment Detectors ◼ 12 Track side rail lubricators ◼ 2 Bridges ◼ 1 Tunnel 4 Mainline - Build 280,000 tons of granite 11,000 tons of 136lb continuously welded rail 150,000 Concrete Ties 5 Mainline Mainline Mainline – Fully Automated Siding 8 Mainline – Miraflores Tunnel Mainline - Fully Automated Lubricators 10 Locomotives Ten (10) F40 locomotives of 3,000 HP 11 Locomotives Two (2) SD40 locomotives Five (5) SD60 locomotives 12 Double Stack Cars Seventy nine (79) 5-well articulated double stack cars in service. 13 Double-stack Cars 14 Currently: Seven 11-Car Sets of DST Cars Future: Unlimited Availability 15 Reefer Connections • All F40 Locomotives Equipped with Generators • Power:
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal 75Th Anniversary
    Nr/ PANAMA CANAL U-i-^ ^^^^ ^w ^r"'-*- - • «:'• 1! --a""'"!' "lt#;"l ii^'?:^, ^ L«^ riS^x- <t^mi a^ «t29) TP f-« RUlUiWiiIiT?;!!ive AiDum -T'te. 1914-1989 ; PANAIVii^ CANAL COMMISSION i /; BALBOA, REPUBLIC OF PANA^4A ADMINISTRATOR DEJ>UTY ADMINISTRATOR DP. McAuliffe Fernando Manfredo, Jr. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS :: : Wniic K. Friar The preparation of this special publication by the Office of Public Affairs involved the efforts of many people. Deserving special mention arc the photo lab technicians of the Graphic Branch, the Printing Office, the ?W Technical Resources Center, the Language Services Branch, and the Office of Executive Planning. Photographs are by Arthur Pollack, Kevin Jenkins, Armando DeGracia and Don Goode, who also shot the photo of Miraflores Locks that appears on the cover. Kaye Richey created the 75th Anniversary slogan and adapted the album text from the work of Gil Williams and of Richard Wainio of the Office of Executive Planning. Melvin D. Kennedy, Jr., designed the album and served as photo editor. Jaime Gutierrez created the 75th Anniversary logo and did the album layout. James J. Reid and Jos6 S. Alegria Ch. of the Printing Office were invaluable in the layout and typesetting process. An Official publication of the Panama Canal Commission, April 1989 <«•-!*»'•* J-V-y I m epuTu Administrator on the 75th Anniversary of the Panasr '\ eventy-five years ago, the world hailed the monumental engineeriiip^^^?x'emi3nt of the V> century. The opening of the Panama Canal on August 15, 1914, fulfillecJ ih»; ccnturies-olH . .^gjWEFt^" dream of uniting the world's two great oceans and established a new li.'k 'n the v;orld .
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review Our Cover
    COLLECTIOM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1976pana Of JL« CANAL EVIE CENTENNIAI EDITION 1976 I -.''• V From the Governor of the fanal Zone on the 200th anniversary of the United States Governor Harold R. Parfitt IN 1976, AS WE CELEBRATE nental Divide; constructing the largest This outstanding record was made the Bicentennial of the United earth dam ever built up to that time; possible by a dedicated work force States, the construction of the Panama designing and building the most of Americans and Panamanians, who - Canal stands out as one of the greatest massive canal locks ever envisioned; continue today, as the} have done milestones in the history of the nation. constructing the largest gates ever in the past, to operate this vital swung; conquering devastating utility for the benefit of all the It not only opened the way for landslides; and solving environmental nations of the world. westward expansion, it also gave the and health problems of enormous maritime world one of its most proportions. important links in the lanes of international commerce. As we look back over 200 years of history, it is fitting that we pay tribute Among the great peaceful endeavors to the builders of the Canal, to those of mankind that have contributed men and women of many nationalities significantly to progress in the world, whose initiative, determination, and the construction of the Canal stands devotion to duty were responsible for as an awe-inspiring achievement. its successful completion.
    [Show full text]
  • Of 3 Panama City, Panama Trip Outline for April 25- 28/29, 2017
    Panama City, Panama Trip Outline for April 25- 28/29, 2017 THEME: Attorneys Wearing Business Shoes Tuesday, April 25 (DAY 1): Travel Day Approximate Travel Times to Panama City: Texas Region Approx. Flight Duration Houston 4hrs, 10min +Dallas 6hrs, 15min Austin/San Antonio 6hrs, 10min West Texas (Lubbock, El Paso) 7 to 9hrs South Texas (Corpus, Laredo) 6 to 8hrs By 6:00pm: Arrive in Panama City (PTY) & check-in to Hilton Panamá Hilton Panamá $143/night (Embassy Rate)- Breakfast and Wi-fi included BALBOA AVENIDA & AQUILINO DE LA GUARDIA, PANAMA CITY, PANAMA TEL: +507-280-8000 http://www3.hilton.com/en/hotels/panama/hilton-panama-PTYHFHH/index.html 8:00pm: Dinner Restaurant Options Include: • Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse at Hilton Panamá • Nearby restaurants (Market) • El Cangrejo neighborhood (El Trapiche- traditional Panamanian cuisine) [15min drive] Page 1 of 3 Wednesday, April 26 (DAY 2): Panama Canal & Casco Viejo Historic Center Sub-theme: Market Overview / Rule of Law / Investing in Panama 8:00-9:30am: Embassy Briefing at Hilton Panamá Conference Room Presentations • John Coronado, U.S. Embassy, Foreign Commercial Service (FCS), Dept. of Commerce: Discussion on bilateral relationship, how FCS promotes business opportunities in Panama, U.S.- Panama Free Trade Agreement • U.S. Embassy Official, International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INL), Dept. of State: Discussion on how INL works with Panama Government to build effective law enforcement institutions that counter transnational crime—everything from money laundering, cybercrime, and intellectual property theft to trafficking in goods, people, weapons, drugs, or endangered wildlife. Discussion on how INL helps Panamanian court and legal systems more fair and transparent & training programs to develop judges, prosecutors, and investigators who are highly skilled and accountable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal: Modernization and Expansion
    TheThe PanamaPanama CanalCanal:: ModernizationModernization andand ExpansionExpansion 26th26th AnnualAnnual SummerSummer Ports,Ports, Waterways,Waterways, FreightFreight && InternationalInternational TradeTrade ConferenceConference JuneJune 26,26, 20012001 Galveston,Galveston, TexasTexas RodolfoRodolfo SabongeSabonge Director,Director, CorporateCorporate PlanningPlanning andand MarketingMarketing PanamaPanama CanalCanal AuthorityAuthority AgendaAgenda !! CanalCanal PerformancePerformance !! ModernizationModernization ProgramProgram !! ExpansionExpansion PlansPlans ATLANTIC OCEAN CHAGRES RIVER RIO GRANDE PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN GATUN LAKE CHAGRES RIVER GRANDE RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN COLONCOLON CICITYTY ATLANTIC OCEAN GATUN LOCKS GATUN MADDEN LAKE RIO CHAGRES PEDRO MIGUEL LOCKS MIRAFLORES LOCKS PANAMPANAMA A CICITYTY PACIFIC OCEAN PANAMPANAM AX AX VESSELVESSEL LOCKSLOCKS CHAMBER:CHAMBER: 304.8304.8 mts.mts. MAXMAX LENGTH:LENGTH: 294294 mts.mts. MAXMAX DRAFT:DRAFT: 1212 M.M. CHAMBERCHAMBER WIDTH:WIDTH: 33.5233.52 mtsmts MAXMAX BEAM:BEAM: 32.532.5 mts.mts. 8080 KmKm 88 -- 1010 hrshrs TRANSITTRANSIT TIMETIME +/-+/- 2424 hrshrs CWTCWT Kobe,Kobe, JapanJapan -- NewNew YorkYork SavesSaves 2,2,846846 NautNautiicalcal MiMilleses Source:Source: FaiFairprp l layay WorlWorldshidshippippingng EncyclEncyclopediopediaa 19981998 EcuadorEcuador -- NewNew YorkYork SavesSaves 7,7,366366 NautNautiicalcal MiMilleses Source:Source: FaiFairprp l layay WorlWorldshidshippippingng EncyclEncyclopediopediaa 19981998 PrincipalPrincipal RoutesRoutes -- FYFY 20002000
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal a Challenge Met
    The Panama Canal A Challenge Met A World Changed Dr Kenneth Stein 2022 Grand World Zoom February 15, 2021 Original Panama Canal The Atlantic Bridge Opened August 2, 2019 Hopefully we’ll get this welcome… Left Agua Clara Right Gatun Original Mules Today’s Mules Agua Clara Locks Not Always Sunny Gatun Dam Welcome to Gatun Lake Leaving Gatun Lake and Entering the Gantun Channel 33 Electronic tracking & Navigation Stations Dredging continues every day; day in & day out And every night Shore Side Erosion Baru Drill Barge Crocodiles Sloth Blue-Footed Booby Primates Chagres River flows into the Panama Canal Gamboa Original Panama Canal Housing Titan Heavy Lift Crane • Built 1941 Germany • Lift 385 Tons • Boom 367 Feet High El Renacer Prison - Gamboa Home of Manuel Noriega Died 2017 The Culebra Channel Christensen Dipper Dredge Christensen in Action at the Culebra Culebra Cut What a difference a 100 years and a little landscaping can make. 1915 2015 The Centennial Bridge August 2004 Cucaracha Landing Centennial Bridge – Pedro Miguel Lock – Miraflores Locks Original and Expanded Canal – Pedro Miguel Lock Pedro Miguel Lock Control Station Pedro Miguel Boat Club Miraflores Visitors Center Canal Side Tug Landing Miraflores Dam Miraflores Power Station Swing Bridge Miraflores Locks June 3, 1942 The Nao Victoria Cocoli Southern Exit Bridge of the Americas Pacific Side Awesome in Daylight Beautiful at Night What Is It? Ideas The Panama Canal A Challenge Met A World Changed Dr. Kenneth Stein .
    [Show full text]
  • パナマシティ中間年総会に出席して Yokohama Port Corporation Yokohama Port Corporation PANAMA
    ＩＡＰＨ ＰＡＮＡＭＡ 2016 2016/7.20 横浜港埠頭株式会社 IAPH パナマシティ中間年総会に出席して Yokohama Port Corporation Yokohama Port Corporation PANAMA 大西洋側 マンザニーロ CT コロン地区 ガツンロック ミラフローレスロック パナマシティー 太平洋側 2 Yokohama Port Corporation 展示会場、ブース・各委員会、セッション等 3 Yokohama Port Corporation ATLAPA CONVENTION CENTER 4 Yokohama Port Corporation 展示会場 IAPH BALI 2017 5 Yokohama Port Corporation 展示会場 6 Yokohama Port Corporation Welcome Reception 7 Yokohama Port Corporation Port Planning ＆ Development Committee 8 Yokohama Port Corporation Session Punta Rincon Port‒A new Port for Panama’s new copper mine 9 Yokohama Port Corporation 現場視察（パナマ運河等） 10 Yokohama Port Corporation Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal 11 Yokohama Port Corporation Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal 12 Yokohama Port Corporation Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal ★動画① 13 Yokohama Port Corporation Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal ★動画② 14 Yokohama Port Corporation Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal ★動画③ 15 Yokohama Port Corporation Expansion Observation Center Panama Canal 拡張運河（大西洋側） 16 Yokohama Port Corporation Expansion Observation Center Panama Canal 拡張運河（大西洋側） 17 Yokohama Port Corporation Technical Visit Manzanillo International Terminal 18 Yokohama Port Corporation Technical Visit Manzanillo International Terminal 19 Yokohama Port Corporation セッション発表資料より 20 Yokohama Port Corporation パナマ運河拡張：世界海上貿易の再定義 Source Panama Canal Expansion : Redifining World Seaborne Trade Source Panama Canal Expansion : Redifining World Seaborne Trade 21 Yokohama Port Corporation パナマ運河拡張：世界海上貿易の再定義 パナマ（海上ハブ） ・144の貿易ルート ・1700の港
    [Show full text]
  • Panama Canal Expansion Program Components
    EXPANSION PROGRAM PANAMA CANAL 2016 EXPANSION PROGRAM COMPONENTS THIRD SET OF LOCKS PACIFIC ACCESS NAVIGATION IMPROVEMENTS TO The project entails CHANNEL CHANNEL WATER SUPPLY the construction of IMPROVEMENTS Neopanamax-dimension Executed in four phases, The work will enable the project entails the raising Gatun Lake’s lock complexes on the This component Pacific and Atlantic dry excavation of some maximum operating 50 million cubic meters involves dredging of level by 45 centimeters sides. Each complex will the Canal entrances feature three chambers, of material along a to improve Canal 6.1-kilometer span. The in the Atlantic and water supply and draft nine water-saving Pacific oceans, as basins, a lateral filling main concept was the dependability. creation of a new access well as the existing and emptying system navigation channels and rolling gates. channel north of the Third Set of Locks on the in Culebra Cut and Pacific side. Gatun Lake. 1. Atlantic entrance dredging 2. New Atlantic locks 3. Gatun Lake 2 PACIFIC ACCESS CHANNEL Last contract awarded clay-core to separate the waters of Miraflores and Gatun lakes. on 7 January 2010 Dry-excavation activities in this area have called for the clearing of 461 hectares contaminated with unexploded ordnance (UXO) left behind Work to expand the Panama Canal by the US military during its deployment in Panama Canal areas. officially began on 3 September 2007 with dry excavations to create the Construction of Borinquen 1E dam clay core was completed in June channel that would link the Third Set of 2015. In July 2015 an excavation record of 1.5 million cubic meters Locks on the Pacific side to Culebra Cut.
    [Show full text]