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Some Physiological Aspects of the Insecticidal Action of Diflubenzuron,A Ninhi- | Bitor of Chitin Synthesis Wageningen,3 Oktobe R 1980

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Some Physiological Aspects of the Insecticidal Action of Diflubenzuron,A Ninhi- | Bitor of Chitin Synthesis Wageningen,3 Oktobe R 1980 SOME PHYSIOLOGICALASPECT SO FTH E INSECTICIDALACTIO NO FDIFLUBENZURON , AN INHIBITORO FCHITI N SYNTHESIS i-1 •.""•'• '-7-KK \ LANDBOUWCATALOGUS . , . IIIIIIUIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII '•--' --• • ' •:'; Promotor: Dr.J . deWilde ,hoogleraa r inhe t dierkundig deelva n deplante - ziektenkunde. hn <9zci &107 O A.C. Grosscurt SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OFTH E INSECTICIDAL ACTION OF DIFLUBENZURON, AN INHIBITOR OFCHITI N SYNTHESIS. Proefschrift terverkrijgin gva nd egraa dva n doctori nd elandbouwwetenschappen , opgeza gva nd erecto rmagnificus , Dr.H.C .va nde rPlas , hoogleraari nd eorganisch escheikunde , inhe topenbaa rt everdedige n opvrijda g3 oktobe r198 0de snamiddag st evie ruu r ind eaul ava nd eLandbouwhogeschoo l teWageningen . /5/VL /2/y-?3- CDJJ SEP, 198f /\JAJo£?ö!, 2!<? STELLINGEN Heteffek tva ndiflubenzuro nda tresulteer ti nhe tnie tuitkome nva nd eeiere n nabehandelin gva nadult evrouwelijk einsekte nka nbete romschreve nworde nal s ovicideda nal ssteriliserend . Dit proefschrift. 2. Demenin gva nNevill eda tchitin egee nbijdrag elever taa nd ehardhei dva nd e insektencuticulai sme tbetrekkin gto td edekschilde nva nd eColoradokeve ron ­ juist. Neville,A.C .i n"Biolog yo fth e Arthropod Cuticle", biz.366 . Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1975). Dit proefschrift. Diflubenzuronka nme tmee rrech tworde ngerubriceer dal see nI.D.I .(Insec t DevelopmentInhibitor )da nal see nI.G.R .(Insec tGrowt hRegulator) . 4. Heti saa nt ebevele no mvoo rd eduu rva nd eperiod etusse nd eregistrati ever ­ leninge nd eafloo pva nd eoktrooibeschermin gvoo ree npesticid eee nminimu m tijdvas tt estellen .Ee nvoorwaard ehierbi j zoukunne nzij nda td eregistrati e tijdign aindienin gva nhe toktroo iword taangevraagd . Inverslage nove rd ebiologisch eaktivitei tva nee npesticid ei sd eomschrijvin g vand edaarbi jgebruikt eformulerin gvaa konvoldoende .Teven sgeef the tontbre ­ kenva nee ninternational estandaardisati evoo rd ebenamin gva nformuleringe n aanleidingto tverwarring . BIJÏJJQJJ. rss.R LAND: 'i(i\Ji VASEmtiGKH 6. Bij ecotoxicologisch onderzoekword t dekeuz eva norganisme ne nmethode n ind e meeste gevallenmee rbepaal d doorrespectievelij k demat e van toegankelijkheid vanhu nbiotoo pvoo rd emen s end eeenvou dva nd emethode nda ndoo rd ebiolo ­ gischerelevantie . 7. Bijhe tbepale nva nd efaunistisch ewaard eva nnatuurterreine nword t totn u toe teweini g aandacht geschonken aaninsekten . Demenin g vanMen n datonde r andere dehuidig e kennis vand e fundamentelelevens ­ processenbi j insekteno pkort e termijnee nbelangrijk ebijdrag eka n leverenaa n deontwikkelin g vanselektiev e insekticiden is teoptimistisch . Menn,J.J. , J. Agric.Foo d Chem. 28, 2-8 (3980). 9. Vand euitgebreid e genormaliseerdemethod e van functievergelijkingword t tenon ­ rechte gesteld dat zij inprincip e eenobjektiev ewaarderin g vanall e functiesi ^ "Principes van functiewaardering volgen| de uitgebreide genormaliseerde methode van functievergelijking",Uitgav e van het organisatiebureau van de algemene werkgeversvereniging,Haarle m (ongeda­ teerd). A.C. Grosscurt Some physiological aspects of the insecticidal action of diflubenzuron,a ninhi- | bitor of chitin synthesis Wageningen,3 oktobe r 1980. CONTENTS Voorwoord (Dutch) 7 Introduction 9 Papers I. Ovicidaleffect so fdiflubenzuro no nth ehousefl y (Musaa domestical. 16 Med.Fac .Landbouww .Rijksuniv .Gen t4J_ ,949-96 3 (1976). II. Modeo factio no fdiflubenzuro na sa novicid ean dsom efactor sin - 30 fluencingit spotency . Proc.9t hBr .Insectic .Fungic .Conf .2 , 141-147 (1977). III.Diflubenzuron :som easpect so fit sovicida lan dlarvicida lmod eo f 40 actionan da nevaluatio no fit spractica lpossibilities . Pestic.Sei .9 ,373-38 6 (1978). IV. Ovicidalan dlarvicida lstructure-activit yrelationship so fbenzoyl - 54 ureaso nth ehousefl y (Musaa domestica). Thisarticl ewil lappea ri nPesticid eBiochemistr yan dPhysiology , Volume 13,Jun e1980 ,Copyrigh tAcademi cPress ,Inc.-N.Y . V. Larvicidalan dovicida lresistanc et odiflubenzuro ni nth ehousefl y 65 (Musaa domestica). Proc.Kon .Ned .Akad .v .Wetensch. ,Amsterda m83C ,127-14 1 (1980). VI. Effectso fdiflubenzuro no nmechanica lpenetrability ,chiti nforma - 80 tion,an dstructur eo fth eelytr ao f Leptinotarsa decemlineata. J. InsectPhysiol .24 ,827-83 1 (1978). VII.Effect so fdiflubenzuro no nsom echemica lan dmechanica lpropertie s 85 ofth eelytr ao f Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Proc.Kon .Ned .Akad .v .Wetensch. ,Amsterda m83C ,143-15 0 (1980). Summary 93 Samenvatting (Dutch) 97 Curriculumvita e (Dutch) 103 VOORWOORD Bijhe tverschijne nva ndi tproefschrif twi li kalle nbedanke ndi eaa nhe t totstan dkome nerva nhebbe nbijgedragen . Mijnouder swi li kgraa gnoeme nomda tzi jhe tmi jmogelij khebbe ngemaak t aand eLandbouwhogeschoo lt estuderen . Prof.Dr .J .d eWild ebe ni kzee rdankbaa rvoo rzij nbereidhei do mal s promotoro pt etreden .Zij nbelangstellin ge nsuggestie shebbe nee ngrot ein ­ vloedgeha do phe tverloo pva nhe tonderzoek . Depublikatie swelk edi tproefschrif tbeva tzij nto tstan dgekome ntijden s mijndienstverban dme tPhilips-Dupha rB.V .D eleidin gva nd eR & D Cro pPro ­ tectionDivision ,i nhe tbijzonde rDr .W .Maas ,wi li kbedanke nvoo rd egelegen ­ heiddi egebode ni so mdez eseri epublikatie sa ft eronden . Verdergaa tmij ndan kui tnaa rIr .J.D .Bijloo ,Dr .D.H .Deul ,d ehee r M.J.Gijswij te nDr .Ir .C.W .Rave nvoo rhu nwaardevoll eadvieze ngedurend e diversefase nva nhe tonderzoe ke nnaa rd emedewerker sva nd eEntomologisch e groepva nhe tAgrobiologisc hLaboratoriu m"Boekesteyn "voo rhu nstimulerend e samenwerking.Bi jd euitvoerin gva nhe texperimentel ewer ki sme tnam egrot e steunondervonde nva nd ehere nB.J .va nde rKol ke nA .Stoker . Deplezierig ekontakte nme td ehee rJ .Tipke rva nd eBiochemisch eafdelin g vand eCro pProtectio nDivisio nva nPhilips-Dupha rB.V .e nme tProf .Dr .S.O . Andersenva nhe tAugus tKrog h Instituutva nd eUniversitei tva nKopenhage n resulteerdeni nee ngezamenlijk epublikati eme tel kva nhen .D ehee rTipke r voerded eberekeninge nui twelk ei nartike lI Vzij nweergegeven ,terwij lDr . Andersend eketocatechole nbepaald e zoalsvermel di nartike lVII . Hetaa ndi tproefschrif tverbonde ntypewer kwer daccuraa tverzorg ddoo r mevrouwY.A .Beerthuizen-Zwaartman . Tenslottewi li kTrijni ebedanke nvoo rhaa rsteu ntijden sd eperiod ewaari n aandi tproefschrif ti sgewerkt . INTRODUCTION A listo £insecticide s inus ei nth enineteent h centurywoul d includea s majorsubstance s a.o.sulphur ,fluorides ,lea darsenat ean dminera l oils. Furthermore variousbotanical swer e used,o fwhic hnicotin ean dPyrethru mwer e theoldest ,an dDerris ,Quassi aan dSabadill awer emuc h later incorporatedi n Westernagriculture . The first fourdecade so fth etwentiet hcentur y canb eregarde da sa pre ­ ludet oth esubsequen t explosive developmento forgani c chemical insecticides. During thisperio dman yo fth ecrud ematerial s asmentione d abovebega nt o undergo refinementan dattentio nwa spai dt ostandardizatio no fth equalit yo f the active ingredients.Furthermore ,scientist s startedt oexplor eth erelation ­ shipbetwee nphysical-chemica l properties andbiologica l activity. Inth eperio d aroundWorl dWa rI Ichemica l synthesiso forgani c compounds resultedi nman y insecticides sucha sth echlorinate dhydrocarbons ,th eorgano - phosphates,and ,fro mth elat e 1950'sonwards ,als oth ecarbamates .I n197 3 Elliotte tal . described ane wgrou po fsyntheti cpyrethroid swhich ,b yvirtu e ofa bette rphotostabilit y aswel l asbiologica l activity,ar ei npractic emor e potent insecticides thanth enatura l andearlie rsyntheti cpyrethroids .Sinc e 1973man yne wrepresentative s ofthi s groupo fpyrethroid s havebee n synthetized and alreadysom eo fthe mar ecommerciall y available.A reviewo fth eus eo fpyre ­ throids ininsec t control andexpectation s about their future isgive nb yElliot t et al. (1978). Electrophysiological investigations indicate thatth emajo rtarge t siteso f the chlorinatedhydrocarbo nDDT ,an do fpyrethroid s areth eioni c channelso f thenerv emembran e (Narahashian dLun d (1980),Va nd eBereke nan dVijverber g (1980)).Organophosphate s andcarbamate so nth eothe rhan d appeart ointerfer e with theenzym e acetyl-cholinesterase. Basedupo n theirmod eo faction ,th eselectivit y ofthes e insecticides with respectt overtebrate s ismainl y quantitative.Thi sma yb ea disadvantag eo f these compounds because this typeo fselectivit y canb elos twhe na compoun d tendst opersis to rt oaccumulat ei nth eenvironmen tan di nanima l tissues.A s indicated already,th ebefor ementione d synthetic organic insecticides inter­ ferewit hbiochemica lprocesse s commont obot h insectsan dvertebrates .However , thesensitivit yo fvertebrate s isofte n lowerbecaus e ofdifference s ina.o . penetrationan ddetoxificatio no ractivation . Insom e of theseinsecticides , especially inth e carbamate group,quantitativ e selectivity canals ob e found between insectspecies ,bu t generally thedifferenc e insusceptibilit y between targetan dnon-targe tspecie s is low. Iti softe nobserve d thatth ekillin g of thenatura l enemies of acertai npes t insect resulted in anexplosiv e increase inth epopulatio no fth e target insectsom e timeafte r the insecticide treat­ ment.Broa d spectrum insecticides therefore canofte n lead to anundesire din ­ tensificationo fth eus eo f insecticides aseac h chemical treatmentnecessitate s thenex tone .Concomitantly ,a n additional drawback of the excessive use of broadspectru m insecticides is their tendency to induce considerable resistance. A new class of
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