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Edwina S. Campbell Strategic Studies Quarterly An Air Force–Sponsored Strategic Forum for Military, Government, and Academic Professionals VOLUME I FALL 2007 NUMBER 1 Editorials Ideas––The Essential Elements for Strategic Security in an Uncertain Future . 3 Lt Gen Stephen R. Lorenz, USAF Welcome to the First Issue of Strategic Studies Quarterly! . 5 Anthony C. Cain Feature Articles Airmen and the Art of Strategy . 7 Gen T. Michael Moseley, USAF Arguing for a Comprehensive Space Protection Strategy . 20 Terry Everett From Kosovo to the War on Terror: The Collapsing Transatlantic Consensus, 1999–2002 . 36 Edwina S. Campbell Back to the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine? . 79 Jeffrey Record Through the Glass Darkly: The Unlikely Demise of Great-Power War . 96 James Wood Forsyth Jr. Col Thomas E. Griffith Jr., USAF Busting the Icon: Restoring Balance to the Influence of Clausewitz . 116 Phillip S. Meilinger Book Reviews Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 1, The Global Jihadist Movement; Part 2, The Outer Rings of the Terrorist Universe . 146 Angel Rabasa, Peter Chalk, Kim Cragin, Sara A. Daly, Heather S. Gregg, Theodore W. Karasik, Kevin A. O’Brien, and William Rosenau Reviewed by: Lewis Griffith The Future of Europe: Reform or Decline . 147 Alberto Alesina and Francesco Giavazzi Reviewed by: Douglas Peifer America’s Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade? . 149 Harvey Blatt Reviewed by: Lt Col Thomas N. Williams, USAF Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 . 151 Tony Judt Reviewed by: Capt Gilles Van Nederveen, USAF, Retired Ideas—The Essential Elements for Strategic Security in an Uncertain Future Welcome to the first issue of Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ)—the US Air Force’s forum for exchanging ideas that matter for our nation’s security. Air University was established to develop our Air Force lead- ers as they prepare for the future. In support of that mission, we at Air University are committed to the exploration of ideas that foster engagement and growth within the defense community. This strategic journal is part of a larger set of initiatives designed to ensure that the ideas that are part and parcel of our national security debate do not become stagnant or conventional. The most recent Quadrennial Defense Review described four strategic challenges that our nation faces: traditional, irregular, disruptive, and cata- strophic. Our national security apparatus must transform to meet all of these challenges, and much of that transformation will require new ideas, organizations, and relationships among members of the military, govern- ment, and academia. Our vision is for SSQ to become an effective forum to foster those ideas and relationships. Our staff—Dr. Anthony C. Cain, editor-in-chief; Ms. Tawanda Eaves, managing editor; Ms. Betty Littlejohn, editorial assistant; and the team at Air University Press—already has SSQ on a solid footing, as you will see in the contents of this inaugural issue. We will begin by publishing the printed journal each quarter while simultaneously offering an online version. Additionally, we will offer an electronic subscription service at http://www.af.mil/subscribe that will deliver SSQ to you via e-mail each quarter without delay. Gen T. Michael Moseley, the Air Force chief of staff, has said, “We must ensure our war-fighting future.” SSQ contributes to this imperative by helping to develop relationships and by facilitating the exchange of ideas that will prepare us to confront the challenges facing our nation during these uncertain times. We look forward to seeing an active, enthusiastic exchange of ideas that contributes directly to making our nation more secure, and we encourage you to bring ideas into this forum—to offer your views and proposals STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY ♦ FALL 2007 [ ] here, where they will receive the serious consideration they deserve. We expect that some of the answers to the tough problems we will confront in the rapidly changing strategic environment will appear in the pages of this journal. S TEPHEN R. LORENZ Lieutenant General, USAF Commander, Air University [ ] STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY ♦ FALL 2007 Welcome to the First Issue of Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ)! “To provide a forum for critically examining and debating warfare, strategy, na- tional and international security, and defense policy.” Gen T. Michael Moseley, US Air Force chief of staff, has sponsored this journal to be a forum for Airmen, members of government, and members of academia to exchange ideas, views, and opinions about strategic matters. The strategic environment has undergone unprecedented change in the past 20 years. The United States is presently a nation at war—a war fought on many fronts characterized by many types of battles, conflicts, and cam- paigns. Historically when such shifts in the strategic landscape have oc- curred, professional communities have sought to interpret those changes by providing new forums for understanding how strategic policies must shift in order to meet the challenges of the new environment. For example, in 1922 in the aftermath of World War I, the editors of Foreign Affairs wrote that “the dominant purpose is to promote the discussion of current questions of international interest and to serve as the natural medium for the expression of the best thought.” Similarly, in 1970, the editors of a new journal, For- eign Policy, noted that “in light of Vietnam, the basic purposes of American foreign policy demand re-examination and re-definition.” In other words, the changes in the international context today that stem from globalization and economic competition; the collapse of the bipolar world and the rise of regional powers; trends toward increasing democra- tization in some areas and the opposing retreat from democratic reforms in others; the unprecedented wealth in some areas of the world compared to the hopeless poverty in others; and the challenges of energy sufficiency, environmental security, and demographic change, along with a host of other strategic concerns, will be the subjects of Strategic Studies Quarterly’s pages. Furthermore, our book review section will provide opportunities each quarter for our readers and contributors to evaluate the latest scholar- ship on the widest possible range of issues. There are several reasons for launching a new journal at this time. SSQ will perform a role that existing USAF journals do not fill. It will also provide a way for strategic thinkers, policy makers, and researchers to find ways to forge relationships with each other as they exchange ideas. Finally, SSQ will contribute to the strategic policy development process. The per- spectives provided by Airmen will characterize some of those contribu- STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY ♦ FALL 2007 [ ] tions—but often those contributions will add to rather than derive from the unique air, space, and cyberspace perspectives that Airmen hold. Healthy professions use professional membership organizations and jour- nals to refine their institutions as their members exchange ideas. Those ideas and the relationships from which they spring serve as catalysts for evaluat- ing the best alternatives for future decisions. But when professions intersect as they do at the strategic level of international security and defense policy, the exchange of ideas often becomes difficult to achieve. Certainly, military, government, and academic professionals have vehicles for interacting with one another—but adding another way for that interaction to occur through the open exchange of ideas gives opportunities for forging and strengthen- ing relationships and connections among the three communities. The unique strategic security concerns that military professionals contrib- ute can inform government and academic professionals about certain tangible aspects of the policy development equation. Government leaders can commu- nicate to the military and to academe how they view the long-term geopoliti- cal, political, social, and domestic aspects of the strategic challenge. Academic professionals can provide multiple perspectives grounded in disciplined re- search techniques that can enrich the views of their colleagues in the military and in government. As these and other interactions take place, the professional communities that formulate, inform, and execute policy can learn more about each other while they also develop greater confidence in each other. The prospect of starting a new professional journal is fraught with excite- ment and risk. The quality of the journal will be a reflection of the interests and the contributions of the members of the professional communities that the publication seeks to serve. As the editor, I am confident that the mem- bers of military, government, and academic communities will provide the insights that will inform and enrich perspectives that will ultimately lead to more effective international security and defense policies. I am also con- fident that SSQ will help those professionals find ways to understand the challenges our nation faces today and for the foreseeable future. I look forward to serving as your editor and colleague as we move to- ward that future. ANH T ONY IC. CA N, PhD Editor-in-Chief, Strategic Studies Quarterly [ ] STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY ♦ FALL 2007 Airmen and the Art of Strategy T. Michael Moseley, General, USAF The Nation that makes a great distinction between its scholars and its warriors will have its thinking done by cowards and its fighting done by fools. —King Archidamus of Sparta, as quoted in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian Wars Circumstances vary so enormously in war, and are so indefinable, that a vast array of factors has to be appreciated—mostly in the light of probabilities alone. The man responsible for evaluating the whole must bring to his task the quality of intuition that perceives the truth at every point. —Carl von Clausewitz The Words of wisdom cited above span the ages and reflect two eternal truths: first, that war is a uniquely challenging human endeavor; and, second, that strategic thinking is as difficult as it is vital. These fundamental ideas frame both the logic of this essay and the rationale underlying the decision to launch Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ).
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