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Raise the Curtain for Correct Load Securing

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Raise the Curtain for Correct Load Securing Raise the Curtain for Correct Load Securing Easily and Quickly Secure Freight and Transport it Reliably 2 Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers Contents 4 Securing Loads Must Be Easy 5 The Legal Framework on the Topic of Securing Loads 7 Physical Forces – More Powerful Than You Think 8 These Forces Work for You 9 Acceleration and Friction in Figures 10 Frictional Coeffi cient – The Pratical Values 11 The Technical Regulations as Firm Establishment of the Laws 12 The Statements of the Technical Regulations 13 VDI 2700: General Cargo 14 VDI 2700: Beverage Transport 15 VDI 2700: Paper and Steel Transport 16 Lashing Equipment and Eyes – the Right Equipment for Every Purpose 7 10 17 Identifying the Correct Equipment 18 Handling the Lashing Equipment Physical Forces Coeffi cients of Friction 19 Forced Locking – Lashing Down at the Correct Angle More Powerful Than You Think Practical Values 20 Positive Locking – Movement of the Load Prevented by the Body 23 Combined Security – Forced and Positive Locking 24 Securing Loads of Non-Stable Goods 25 Load Distribution Practical Examples 26 Heavy Point Loading, Paper Transport 28 High Point Loads When Transporting Coils 30 Automotive Pallet Cages 31 Tyre Transport 32 Beverage Transport 34 Piece Goods 36 Chemical Industry 38 Index 39 Contact 16 19 Lashing Equipment Positive Locking Types and Properties Preventing Movement Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers 3 11 14 15 Technical Regulations Beverage Transport Paper and Steel Detailed Specifi cations Securing Beverages When Things Get Really Heavy 20 24 26 Forced Locking High Centre of Gravity Practical Examples Increasing Contact Pressure Key Challenges Solutions from Various Industries 4 Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers Impossible Load securing protects your life and the lives of all other Without You road users. Securing Loads Must Be Easy According to the German Federal Motor Transport Authority, in 2016 German trucks delivered a total of almost 3 billion tonnes of goods. Drivers had to pay attention to load security on around a quarter of billion journeys. Schmitz Cargobull is part of the “freight traffi c on the road” system, just like all the drivers out there. We all make a major contribution to ensure that this system functions. With this brochure, we would like to remind you of things which may be otherwise forgot- ten during your stressful work day, namely the awareness that, in the event of an emer- gency, securing your semi-trailer’s load not only protects it, but also protects human life – above all your own, but also all other road users. Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers 5 The personal legal conse- Use and Uphold the Law quences due to inadequate The Legal Framework on the Topic of Securing Loads load securing can be serious. Load securing is a freight hauling issue, for The reverse side of the coin is that those who which the legislative authority and profes- violate the statutory regulations must not only sional associations defi ne regulations from compensate damage caused, but also face their respective perspectives, so as to ensure penalties. In accordance with the Road Traffi c that freight transport will neither damage the Act or road registration regulations (StVO/ load, the vehicle or the traffi c involved, nor StVZO), this can range from a fi ne, a driving injure the driver. Even though compliance ban and points in the central traffi c register with them creates work, the laws and direc- up to dangerous behaviour in road traffi c tives are intended to protect you, from the (§ 315 b German Penal Code/StGB), or even vehicle, the load and other road traffi c. manslaughter (§ 222 German Penal Code). In any case, non-adherence to the laws costs energy, time and money. All of this could be more sensibly invested elsewhere. Legal Consequences of Inadequate Load Securing* Occupational Safety and Health Act Civil law Non-contractual claims and acting Public law Penal law Contractual (ArbSchG) unlawfully Section 49 Para. 1 No. 21 StVO Securing loads is also signifi cant under Section 425 HGB Liability for Section 7 Para. 1 StVG Liability of Infringement i.a.w. section 22 StVO Section 222 StGB Manslaughter damage to goods and default the registered keeper of the vehicle the aspect of occupational health and Loading safety. The vehicle is work equip- Section 49 Para. 1 No. 22 StVO Art. 17 Para. 4 c CMR Liability Section 823 BGB Liability Section 229 StGB Negligent Infringement i.a.w. section 23 StVO ment and, therefore, subject to of the carrier for damages due to unlawful acts bodily injury Standard Other obligations of the driver occupational safety. In detailed questions, the Occupational Safety Section 69 a Para. 5 No. 3 StVZO Section 412 HGB Diligence of the Infringement i.a.w. section 31 Section 315 b StGB Dangerous and Health Act is based on the Acci- carrier Para. 2 StVZO Responsibility for behaviour in road traffi c dent Prevention Regulations (UVV) of operation of the vehicles Compensation for damages, the professional associations. Possible legal Fine, driving ban, entry in the Fine, imprisonment, driving ban, Compensation for damages compensation for immaterial consequences central traffi c register divestment of the driving licence damage * Listed without warranty or claim of comprehensiveness. 6 Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers Obligation of Responsibility It is simply safer to comply The Statutory Framework: Road Traffic Act, German Commercial with the laws. Code and German Accident Avoidance Regulation The German Road Traffic Act (StVO), the depends on whether you have taken all safety Commercial Code (HGB), the Occupational measures. Needless to say, your trailer must Safety and Health Act (ArbSchG), and Acci- be also safely constructed and equipped dent Prevention Regulations (UVV) of the pro- (sections 22 Para. 1 and 37 Para. 4 of the fessional associations all assign a particular UVV), so that you can correctly secure the responsibility to you as the driver / driver of load. This is why sections 30 and 31 of the the trailer / carrier for the correct securing of German Road Traffic Regulations also men- loads for transportation on the semi-trailer. tion the vehicle owner’s obligations and why Why you? You drive the load to its destination section 22 refers to the loading process. and are in close contact with the load during transportation and, therefore, have the best – direct – overview of the security measures required. Furthermore, you are the most Accident Prevention familiar with your trailer. In addition, you are assumed to have a large vested interest in Regulations (Section good load securing, because your welfare 22 UVV) Paragraph 1: Vehicle bodies must be designed so that they secure the load Commercial Code (...) against sliding, rolling, falling down Road Traffic Act Road Traffic Act (Section 412 HGB) (...) during the intended use (...). If secu- (Section 22 StVO) (Section 23 StVO) rity of a load is not ensured solely by Paragraph 1: Unless otherwise stated the vehicle body, auxiliary equipment Paragraph 1: The load, including Paragraph 1: The driver is responsible from the circumstances or common must be available to secure the load (...). devices for securing the load (...), for making sure that his vision and usage, the dispatcher must load, must be stored and secured so that hearing is not impaired (...) by the stow and secure (loading), and (Section 37 UVV) they cannot slip, fall down or generate load (...). The driver must also make unload the goods for safe carriage. unavoidable noise during full braking sure that (...) the loads (...) are loaded The carrier must ensure safe loading. Paragraph 4: The load must be or sudden evasion movements (…). as specified and that the road safety stowed and secured, as required, so Thereby, all acknowledged codes of of the vehicle is not impaired by the that under normal traffic conditions practice must be observed. load (...). there is no risk to persons. All legal texts quoted are extracts from the original texts. Only the original texts without omissions are binding. Physical Forces – More Powerful Than You Think. Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers 7 Our experience with physical The Physical forces is mainly based on Forces human standards. However, we deal with signifi cantly More Powerful Than You Think greater forces when securing loads. Physical forces are constant and determine our everyday life, consciously or uncon- sciously. Whether by gravitational force, centrifugal force or friction force – the natural laws make no exception for the load on your trailer. There are repeatedly situations in traffi c in which you and your load feel the eff ects of these physical forces. Acceleration – Moving Off Braking – the Opposite to Cornering – Sideward Acceleration Acceleration Acceleration is the increase of speed within a specifi ed time. It has the eff ect Slowing down – braking – is also a change A change of direction is also evident when that the load wants to slide rearwards. in speed. It has the eff ect that the load cornering at exactly the same speed: the wants to move towards the driver's cab. centrifugal acceleration. It has the eff ect of moving the load towards the sidewall. 8 Securing Loads for Tarpaulin Trailers The Other Side The primary objective of Friction – Deceleration These Forces Work for You load securing is that the load remains in its position in Each surface – even if it appears During travelling, weight, inertia and friction every situation. smooth – has irregularities, small cause the load to remain where it was placed, ‘mountains’ and ‘valleys’. When two if it were not for the acceleration of the trailer surfaces are pressed onto each other, during moving off , during the journey, when they catch and make relative move- braking or changing direction, such as corner- ment diffi cult.
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