A Needs Assessment of Soccer Uniforms Nancy M
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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 A Needs Assessment of Soccer Uniforms Nancy M. Holland Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HUMAN SCIENCES A NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF SOCCER UNIFORMS By NANCY M. HOLLAND A thesis submitted to the Department of Textiles and Consumer Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve Thesis of Nancy Holland defended on March 22, 2007. _______________________ Catherine Black Professor Directing Thesis _______________________ Rinn M. Cloud Committee Member _______________________ Emily Haymes Outside Committee Member Approved: ____________________________ Joe Nosari Interim Chair, Department of Textiles and Consumer Sciences ____________________________ Billie J. Collier, Dean of Human Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my husband, Gary, and my son, John, for patiently tolerating my mental and physical absenteeism around the home and supporting me in my quest of attaining my master’s degree. Without the encouragement and support of the fine people that work in the College of Human Sciences and the Department of Textiles and Consumer Sciences, the opportunity to further my education would not have materialized. I am very grateful for the knowledge I have gained, for the fellowship of colleagues, and for the teaching opportunities. For the development of this research, I am indebted to Dr. Catherine Black for her valuable critiques and insights. I also appreciate the additional assistance from Dr. Rinn Cloud and Dr. Emily Haymes as members of my thesis committee. A special thanks again to Dr. Cloud, as well as to Wanda Brown, Dr. Jessica Barker, and Dr. Mary Ann Moore, for being key supporters in providing friendship, encouragement, and research advice. Statistical assistance, provided by Matt Dutton, was also appreciated. This research would not have been possible without the assistance and approval of the Leon County District School Board, and the affiliated schools, principals, coaches, and students. Many thanks to Coach Andy Warner who gave me an initial vote of confidence and shared his expertise giving me an overview of soccer management and soccer garment production. To Barbara McDonald, from Nike, thanks for your insights, and thanks to Coaches Craig Bultmann, Scott Hardin, Santiago Molina, Danny O’Donnell, Sherry Rudd, and Beverly Warner for allowing me to interrupt valuable practice time with your teams. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .................................................................................... vi List of Figures .................................................................................... vii Abstract .................................................................................... viii 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 Purpose .................................................................................... 2 Research Questions....................................................................... 2 Objectives .................................................................................... 3 Rationale for the Study................................................................... 3 Limitations .................................................................................... 4 Assumptions................................................................................... 4 Definition of Terms ......................................................................... 4 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE............................................................... 6 Assessment of Needs .................................................................... 6 Commitment................................................................................... 6 Hypothesis 1 .................................................................................. 7 Design Process Models ................................................................. 7 Functional Components ................................................................. 9 Comfort .................................................................................... 9 Fit .................................................................................... 12 Mobility .................................................................................... 13 Protection.................................................................................. 14 Hypotheses 2a-d ............................................................................ 17 Expressive Components ................................................................ 17 Aesthetic Components ................................................................... 18 Hypothesis 3 .................................................................................. 19 3. METHODOLOGY.............................................................................. 20 Functional, Expressive, Aesthetic Consumer Needs Model ........... 20 Instrument Development ................................................................ 20 Pilot Test .................................................................................... 21 Instrument Description ................................................................... 22 Data Collection............................................................................... 23 Data Analysis ................................................................................. 24 iv 4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................... 25 Description of Sample .................................................................... 25 Demographic Characteristics ......................................................... 26 Preferred Brands of Soccer Uniforms ............................................ 26 Discussion and Summary of Research Questions ......................... 26 Commitment and Overall Satisfaction ............................................ 26 Functional Components of Garment Types.................................... 30 Garment Types ......................................................................... 31 Comfort... .................................................................................. 31 Fit ............................................................................................. 32 Mobility...................................................................................... 33 Impact Protection ..................................................................... 33 Functional Components vs. Aesthetic Components....................... 33 Functional Properties ..................................................................... 36 Thermal Comfort....................................................................... 36 Fit Properties of Garment Types............................................... 37 Non-Uniform Garments and Special Properties........................ 39 Protection.................................................................................. 39 Testing of Hypotheses.................................................................... 41 5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 49 Summary of the Study.................................................................... 49 Summary of the Findings ............................................................... 49 Implications to Sport Clothing Manufacturers................................. 52 Implications to Sport Clothing Coaches.......................................... 52 Recommendations for Further Research ....................................... 52 APPENDICES .................................................................................... 54 A Research Approval Letters ....................................................... 55 B Questionnaire Documents ........................................................ 58 C Respondent’s Comments.......................................................... 66 REFERENCES .................................................................................... 68 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .................................................................... 75 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Age. Height, Weight, and Ethnicity ........................................ 27 Table 2: Participation in Soccer........................................................... 28 Table 3: Preferred Brands of Soccer Uniforms.................................... 29 Table 4: Commitment to Soccer.......................................................... 30 Table 5: Overall Satisfaction with Uniforms......................................... 31 Table 6.1: Satisfaction with Functional Components of Garments ........ 32 Table 6.2: Alternate Format: Satisfaction with Functional Components of Garments ..................................................................... 34 Table 7: Aesthetic Garment Needs .................................................... 35 Table 8: Thermal Sensations ............................................................... 37 Table 9: Thermal Comfort Properties of Garment Types...................... 38 Table 10: Fit Properties of Garment Types ..........................................