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Phylogeography of the Sub-Antarctic Notothenioid Wsh Eleginops Maclovinus: Evidence of Population Expansion

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Mar Biol (2012) 159:499–505 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1830-4

ORIGINAL PAPER

Phylogeography of the sub-Antarctic notothenioid Wsh Eleginops maclovinus: evidence of population expansion

Santiago Guillermo Ceballos · Enrique Pablo Lessa · Mariela Fernanda Victorio · Daniel Alfredo Fernández

Received: 8 June 2011 / Accepted: 20 October 2011 / Published online: 16 November 2011 © Springer-Verlag 2011

Abstract Phylogeography studies add insights into the geographic and evolutionary processes that underline the genetic divergence of populations. This work examines the geographic genetic structure of the Patagonian blennie, Ele- ginops maclovinus, a notothenioid (Perciformes) endemic to South American temperate and sub-Antarctic waters, using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences. We found 58 haplotypes in the analysis of 261 individual sequences of 833 base pairs in length. Among-population variance was very low (1.62%) and many haplotypes were shared between several populations across the species geographic range. Genetic diVerentiation was not consistent with a simple model of isolation by distance, possibly suggesting a lack of equilibrium between gene Xow and local genetic drift. The analysis of mismatch distributions, neutrality tests, and the Bayesian Skyline Plot showed a pattern consistent with a recent population expansion event that may have taken place during the Middle Pleistocene.

Introduction

Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830),

known as róbalo in Argentina and Chile, is a notothenioid Wsh (Perciformes) of the monotypic family Eleginopidae. This marine Wsh is endemic to the coastal temperate and sub-Antarctic waters of South America with a range along the Atlantic and PaciWc Patagonian coasts from Valparaiso, Chile (33°S) (Pequeño 1989) to San Matias Gulf, Argentina (40°S) (Cousseau and Perrotta 2000). This eurithermic and euryhaline species that has been described as a protandrous hermaphrodite (Calvo et al. 1992; Brickle et al. 2005; Licandeo et al. 2006) inhabits costal waters, river mouths and estuaries (Gosztonyi 1980). On the Patagonian coast, E. maclovinus is a common Wsh species and an important component of many trophic webs, both as prey (Goodall and Galeazzi 1985) and as predator, feeding mainly on benthic invertebrates such as crustaceans and polychaetes, but also on algae and Wshes (Isla and San Román 1995; Licandeo et al. 2006; Martin and Bastida 2008; Pequeño et al. 2010). Additionally, E. maclovinus is important for the recreational and small food Wsheries throughout much of its distribution. Despite its ecological and socioeconomic importance, there is no information regarding its population dynamics and genetic structure, which must be understood for proper conservation and management.

Communicated by M. I. Taylor.

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this

article (doi:10.1007/s00227-011-1830-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Many ecological and evolutionary features make
E. maclovinus an interesting species for a phylogeographic study. First, it is an ideal organism to study population responses to environmental variation associated with a broad latitudinal range. Second, E. maclovinus is considered the sister group of the Antarctic notothenioids Wshes (Near and Cheng 2008) that dominate the cold shelf waters of Antarctica (Eastman 2005) and provide a classic example of radiation in the absence of competition from most

S. G. Ceballos (&) · M. F. Victorio · D. A. Fernández Centro Austral de Investigaciones CientíWcas (CADIC), Bernardo A. Houssay 200, cp 9410, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina e-mail: [email protected]

E. P. Lessa Sección Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 4225 Iguá, Montevideo, Uruguay

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other Wsh groups (Clarke and Johnston 1996; Eastman 2000). Therefore, this species likely presents several ancestral traits of the notothenioid radiation (Eastman and Lannoo 2008). And third, the continental shelf area where E. maclovinus is distributed nowadays was largely aVected by Quaternary glacial cycles. Events such as ice sheet calving into the ocean, retraction of the sea coast line and decrease in marine water temperature during glacial periods (Clapperton 1993; Rabassa 2008) might have aVected the habitat suitable for E. maclovinus and thus the population size and geographical structure. Demographic changes may leave genetics footprints in populations (Avise 2000) that can, therefore, be linked to climatic cycles. There are a growing number of studies that associate historical demography with climate changes in a variety of organisms from Patagonia such as grasses species (Jakob et al. 2009), rodents (Lessa et al. 2010), fresh water Wshes (Ruzzante et al. 2008; Zemlak et al. 2010) and crabs (Xu et al. 2009). A population genetic study of E. maclovinus would be an interesting contribution in order to generate an integrated scenario of how the biota has responded to historical climates changes in the entire Patagonian region.
To our knowledge, there are no phylogeographic studies on a single marine Wsh species along both Atlantic and PaciWc Patagonian coasts. In this work, we report the Wrst data on population genetics of E. maclovinus along its distributional range using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences.

Fig. 1 E. maclovinus were collected at nine sites (triangles) along the

coast of Patagonia, South America. The approximated range distribution of the species is represented in the map by the shadow coastal area. Abbreviations: San Antonio Oeste (SAO)

Materials and methods

gene were ampliWed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 261 individuals (21–36 per sampling site; Table 1). The PCRs used the forward primer MVZ 05 5Ј-CGA AGC TTG ATA TGA AAA ACC ATC GTT-3Ј (Smith and Patton 1991) and the reverse primer R1negra 5Ј-CCA GTA CTC CTC CAA GTT TGT CGG GG-3Ј, designed from the alignments of notothenioid cytb sequences. Thirty ꢀL of PCR reaction mixtures contained 15 ꢀL of total DNA (4 ꢀg/mL), 1 unit of Taq DNA polymerase (Promega), 1 £ Taq polymerase buVer, dNTPs (0.2 mM of each), forward and reverse primers (0.3 mM of each) and MgCl2 (2.5 mM). PCR used the following cycling conditions: an initial denaturation of 3 min at 94°C, 30 cycles of 30 s of denaturation at 94°C, 30 s of annealing at 50°C, and 1 min of extension at 72°C, and a Wnal extension of 5 min at 72°C. PCRs were performed in a 2720 Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems). PCR products were sequenced at Macrogen Korea with both PCR primers. Chromatograms were scored and analyzed using BioEdit (Hall 1999).
Sample collection E. maclovinus individuals (N = 261) were captured using trammel nets and gill nets at nine sites along the latitudinal range on the Atlantic and PaciWc Patagonian coasts: San Antonio Oeste (SAO) (40°50ЈS, 65°04ЈW), Puerto Madryn (42°46ЈS, 65°01ЈW), Rada Tilly (45°56ЈS, 67°32ЈW) Puerto San Julián (49°19ЈS, 67°42ЈW), Punta María (53°57ЈS, 67°26ЈW), Canal Beagle (54°49ЈS 68°10ЈW), Puerto Aysén (45°22ЈS, 72°51ЈW) Puerto Montt (41°32ЈS, 72°54ЈW) and Concepción (36°44ЈS, 73°11ЈW) (Fig. 1). Muscle samples were collected from each individual and preserved in 99% ethanol.

DNA extraction, PCR ampliWcation, and sequencing Total DNA extractions were performed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-proteinase K-NaCl-alcohol precipitation (modiWed from Miller et al. 1988). Approximately 900 base pairs of the 3Ј end of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb)

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  • 501

Beast v1.6.0. The run consisted of 100 million generations sampled every 1,000 generations under the HKY + G model. Samples before the convergence zone were discarded.
Arlequin 3.11 was used to Wt the spatial expansion model (Schneider and ExcoYer 1999; ExcoYer 2004), to estimate the relative timing of expansion.

Table 1 Genetic variation at each site

Population

  • n
  • S

No. sin

  • k
  • H

ꢀ

  • SAO
  • 25
  • 16

23 15 20 20 23 21 23 15 65
31
10 16 12
9
0.90 0.96 0.89 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.91 0.87 0.90 0.90
0.0047 0.0054 0.0026 0.0035 0.0036 0.0038 0.0042 0.0039 0.0032 0.0039
Pto. Madryn Rada Tilly Pto. San Julián Pta. María Canal Beagle Pto. Aysén Pto. Montt Concepción All pop.
27

  • 25
  • 10

15
7
24

  • 38
  • 11

16 16 14 13 58

  • 36
  • 14

10 17
9

Results

31 28

Variation among cytochrome b haplotypes

27

  • 261
  • 28

The Wnal data set consisted of 261 cytb sequences of 833 bp in length. An alignment of these sequences showed 65 variable sites, including 28 singletons and 37 parsimony-informative sites, which deWned 58 haplotypes (GenBank accession numbers JN010371, JN010428; Table 1; Online Resource 1). Eight of the 65 variables sites were non-synonymous changes that occurred in one (6), two (1) or three (1) individuals. Haplotype diversity was 0.90 for all individuals and ranged from 0.82 to 0.96 across sites. Nucleotide diversity was 0.0039 for all individuals and ranged from 0.0026 to 0.0054 across sites. The majority (28) of unique haplotypes (32) were deWned by single nucleotide changes.

n, sample sizes; S, number of polymorphic sites; No. sin number of singletons, k, number of haplotypes, H, haplotype diversity; and ꢀ, nucleotide diversity

Data analysis The number of haplotypes, the number of polymorphic sites and molecular diversity indices for cytb haplotypes, such as haplotype diversity (H) and nucleotide diversity (ꢀ), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), pairwise FST values, Mantel test, and Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS tests of neutrality were calculated in Arlequin 3.11 (ExcoYer et al. 2005). Observed and expected mismatch distributions under an exponential growth population model were obtained using DNAsp V5.1(Librado and Rozas 2009). A minimum spanning tree of the haplotypes was generated using the medianjoining method (Bandelt et al. 1999) in Network 4.6 (http://

www.fluxus-engineering.com).

Species-speciWc mutation rates (ꢁ) for Wve notothenioids species were obtained from calibrations of uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clocks using Beast v1.6.0 (Drummond and Rambaut 2007) under the HKY + I + G derived from JModeltest (Posada 2008) as the most appropriated model of sequence evolution with a data set of eight cyt b sequences: four representative E. maclovinus sequences, one each from the antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP)-bearing

Antarctic notothenioids Dissostichus eleginoides, Notothe- nia coriiceps and Chionodraco rastropinosus, and one from

the early diverging notothenioid Cottoperca trigloides as the outgroup. For the calibration, the most recent common ancestor of the AFGP-bearing Antarctic notothenioids was set to 24 § 0.5 Mya (Janko et al. 2007; Near 2004) with a normal prior distribution. Parameter estimates were based on posterior probability distribution constructed by sampling the stationary distribution for 10 million generations every 1,000 steps.
Geographic genetic variation No Wxed diVerences were observed between populations, and many haplotypes were shared between several populations across the geographic sampled range (Fig. 2; Online Resource 1). Among-population variance was very low but signiWcant (1.62%; p = 0.019, AMOVA). Pairwise FST

Historical population sizes of E. maclovinus were estimated using the coalescent-based generalized Bayesian skyline plot (Drummond et al. 2005) as implemented in

Fig. 2 Minimum spanning tree connecting 58 mtDNA haplotypes. The area of each circle is proportional to frequency of the haplotype

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values ranged from 0.00 to 0.085, indicating low to moderate genetic diVerentiation between populations (Hartl and Clark 2007). A Mantel test did not show a signiWcant correlation between geographic distances and FST (r = 0.23, p = 0.096), thus failing to reveal a pattern of isolation by distance.

Phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes According to the minimum spanning tree (Fig. 2), haplotypes found in relatively high frequencies are present in many populations, reXecting the limited geographic structure. The Wve most frequent haplotypes are centrally located in the minimum spanning tree, and most of the remaining low-frequency haplotypes are separated from the common haplotypes by one or few mutational steps. This pattern, fairly star-like, probably reXects the imprinting of a past population expansion (Slatkin and Hudson 1991).

Fig. 3 Observed and expected mismatch distributions under a model of exponential growth for E. maclovinus from the Argentine and Chilean Patagonian coasts. Dashed lines correspond to the bound of a 90% conWdence interval (CI) for the expected mismatch distribution

past population expansion (Slatkin and Hudson 1991). The test of goodness of Wt did not Wnd signiWcant deviation from expectations under the spatial expansion model (sum of squared deviation = 0.001 and p = 0.83; Fig. 3).
Test of neutrality and mismatch distribution Overall values for both Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS were negative and signiWcant (D = ¡ 1.99, p < 0.01; FS = ¡ 25.93, p < 0.001). They were also negative in each population. Tajima’s D was signiWcant at Rada Tilly, Puerto San Julián, Beagle Channel and Puerto Montt, whereas Fu’s FS was signiWcant at Puerto Madryn, Rada Tilly, Beagle Channel, Puerto Aysén, Puerto Montt and Concepción (Table 2). Negative values of neutrality tests indicate an excess of low-frequency variants in relation to the mutation-drift equilibrium expectations and suggest a recent population expansion (Ramos-Onsins and Rozas 2002). The mismatch distribution of all sequences was unimodal, suggesting that demographic events in the past have forced coalescent events into a narrow time window in line with a history of a
Mutational rate estimation and historical population sizes It is possible to calculate the start of the population expansion if an estimate of the locus mutation rate per year (ꢁ) is available. We estimated ꢁ = 0.0054 substitutions per site per million years (95% highest probability density (HPD) 0024–0.0087). Using this ꢁ as a prior, Bayesian skyline plots (Fig. 4) estimated that population expansion started roughly 0.125 Mya (broadly, the results indicate that demographic expansion might have started from 0.1 to 0.175 Mya as could be inferred from the 95% HPD regions drawn in Fig. 4) and that the populations rapidly increased to the present size. The spatial expansion model suggested that the expansion was older, occurring 0.283 Mya (95%CI: 0.147–0.523 Mya).

Table 2 Values of Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS neutrality tests and corresponding p values

Population

  • Tajima’s D
  • Fu’s Fs

  • D
  • P
  • Fs
  • P

Discussion

  • SAO
  • ¡0.25

¡0.87 ¡1.61 ¡1.67 ¡1.24 ¡1.46 ¡1.15 ¡1.61 ¡1.10 ¡1.99
0.42 0.19 0.04 0.02 0.11 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.13 0.001
¡0.96 ¡5.79 ¡5.94 ¡1.35 ¡1.64 ¡6.46 ¡6.59 ¡5.29 ¡5.56
¡25.93
0.35 0.01 0.00 0.26 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

Populations with continuous distributions would show genetic structure if ongoing or historical processes have limited gene Xow or if they are under diversifying local selection (Avise 2009). Many marine species, which are expected to experience modest physical barriers to gene Xow and high dispersal potential, exhibit low levels of global population diVerentiation (Ward et al. 1994; Waples 1998). Although direct estimates are lacking, E. maclovinus likely has high dispersal capacity at adult, larval and egg stages. Adult vagility is expected to be high, since E. maclovinus adults

Pto. Madryn Rada Tilly Pto. San Julián Pta. María Canal Beagle Pto. Aysén Pto. Montt Concepción All populations

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  • 503

systems (as those of species linked to coastal waters, such as E. maclovinus) have a reduced variance in geographical genetic attributes relative to 2-dimensional spatial systems, increasing the chance to detect a pattern of isolation by distance (Slatkin and Barton 1989). Nonetheless, we failed to detect a signiWcant correlation between FST and geographic distance. This result might come from a relatively recent event of demographic expansion coupled with fairly unrestricted gene Xow.
Although FST is an excellent measure of genetic diVerentiation among populations (but see Jost 2008 for qualiW- cations), inferences on the extent of migration based on FST are based on a number of assumptions (Whitlock and McCauley 1999) that are likely violated by the data in the present study. The estimate of gene Xow from FST is based on equilibrium expectations derived from neutrality theory as applied to idealized models of population structure (Slatkin and Barton 1989; Avise 2004). Our results (mainly the negative values of neutrality tests, the unimodal mismatch distribution, the absence of a pattern of isolation by distance and the event of rapid increase in population size indicated by the Bayesian Skyline Plot) are suggesting that E. maclovinus is far from both mutationdrift and migration-drift equilibrium and that may have only recently invaded the area it occupies. Therefore, the observed weak global population structure could reXect not only the actual level of gene Xow but also the historical connectivity of populations. As a result, FST-based estimates of gene Xow would be, almost certainly, higher than the actual gene Xow. As in any single locus analysis, we cannot rule out departures from strict neutrality as an alternative (or additional) cause of the observed patterns of genetic variation.
Population size changes at high latitudes are generally interpreted in relation to quaternary climatic cycles. Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego experienced signiWcant climatic Xuctuations during the Cenozoic, particularly since the Miocene. Pliocene and Pleistocene glaciations were frequent in this region. Glacial climatic episodes lasted long enough for the formation of a single, continuous mountain ice sheet that extended almost 2,500 km, at least between 36°S and 56°S. This ice sheet almost completely covered the Patagonian Andean ranges and extended over the piedmont areas to the east (and to the current submarine platform south of the Río Gallegos) and to sea level in the PaciWc side. The “Great Patagonian Glaciation” (GPG) that represents the maximum expansion of the ice in extra-Andean Patagonia developed sometime between 1.1 and 1 Mya (Rabassa 2008). Following the GPG, there is evidence of four major glacial episodes, post-GPG 1, post-GPG 2, post-GPG 3 and the “Last Glaciation” (LG) (following Coronato et al. 2004). Post-GPG 1 event would have taken place possibly before the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary (>0.710 Mya). Post-GPG 2 attained

Fig. 4 Historical estimates of eVective population size (Ne) constructed using the Bayesian Skyline Plot based on mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes. The y-axis is the product of eVective population size (Ne) and generation length (ꢂ) in a log scale. The median estimate

(black line) and 95% HPD limits (gray lines) are shown

reach a maximum length of »80/90 cm (Gosztonyi 1974; Licandeo et al. 2006) and are highly mobile, at least in aquaria (personal observations). In addition, the E. maclovi- nus metabolic rate is comparable with that of other highly mobile sub-Antarctic teleosts (Vanella and Calvo 2005). As pointed out by Brickle et al. (2005), E. maclovinus is characterized by high fecundity and small pelagic eggs. Brickle et al. (2005) also suggested that, while inshore waters and estuaries are used for foraging, spawning may occur in deeper waters (30–100 m). In this case, the small pelagic eggs and early larval stages would be subjected to strong oVshore currents, which would enhance dispersal. Given the extended pelagic phases of many notothenioid Wshes, larval dispersal by marine currents has been suggested for a number of species in which populations genetic studies commonly found non-signiWcant diVerentiation across thousands of kilometers (Matschiner et al. 2009 and references therein).
E. maclovinus has been described as a protandrous hermaphrodite (Calvo et al. 1992; Brickle et al. 2005; Licandeo et al. 2006). In such sex-changing species, the naturally skewed sex ratio is expected to reduce eVective population size and increase genetic drift. As a result, Chopelet et al. (2009) hypothesized that sex-changing species would have more genetic structure than gonochoristic species. However, no diVerence in genetic structure was found among reproductive modes.
Our results are concordant with those of previous studies on other notothenioids or marine species which are expected to have high gene Xow between populations. The AMOVA revealed low global genetic variance among populations (1.62%), and allele sharing was extensive. In spite of the low global genetic structure, moderate but signiWcant genetic heterogeneity was observed in some pairwise FST values (data not shown). Nearly one-dimensional spatial

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  • Fitting Together the Evolutionary Puzzle Pieces of the Immunoglobulin T Gene from Antarctic Fishes

    Fitting Together the Evolutionary Puzzle Pieces of the Immunoglobulin T Gene from Antarctic Fishes

    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 November 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0685.v1 Article Fitting together the evolutionary puzzle pieces of the Immunoglobulin T gene from Antarctic fishes Alessia Ametrano1,2 Marco Gerdol3, Maria Vitale1,4, Samuele Greco3, Umberto Oreste1, Maria Rosaria Coscia1,* 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (U.O.); [email protected] (M.R.C.) 2 Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; [email protected] (A.A.) 3 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (S.G.) 1,4 Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy (Present address); [email protected] (M.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +0039 081 6132556 (M.R.C.) Abstract: Cryonotothenioidea is the main group of fishes that thrive in the extremely cold Antarctic environment, thanks to the acquisition of peculiar morphological, physiological and molecular adaptations. We have previously disclosed that IgM, the main immunoglobulin isotype in teleosts, display typical cold-adapted features. Recently, we have analyzed the gene encoding the heavy chain constant region (CH) of the IgT isotype from the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii (family Nototheniidae), characterized by the near-complete deletion of the CH2 domain. Here, we aimed to track the loss of the CH2 domain along notothenioid phylogeny and to identify its ancestral origins.
  • The Hemoglobins of Sub-Antarctic Fishes of the Suborder Notothenioidei

    The Hemoglobins of Sub-Antarctic Fishes of the Suborder Notothenioidei

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Polar Science 4 (2010) 295e308 http://ees.elsevier.com/polar/ The hemoglobins of sub-Antarctic fishes of the suborder Notothenioidei Daniela Coppola a, Daniela Giordano a, Alessandro Vergara b, Lelio Mazzarella b, Guido di Prisco a, Cinzia Verde a, Roberta Russo a,* a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy b Department of Chemistry, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy Received 16 December 2009; revised 19 April 2010; accepted 19 April 2010 Available online 12 May 2010 Abstract Fishes of the perciform suborder Notothenioidei provide an excellent opportunity for studying the evolution and functional importance of evolutionary adaptations to temperature. To understand the unique biochemical features of high-Antarctic noto- thenioids, it is important to improve our knowledge of these highly cold-adapted stenotherms with new information on their sub- Antarctic relatives. This paper focuses on the oxygen-transport system of two non-Antarctic species, Eleginops maclovinus and Bovichtus diac- anthus. Unlike most Antarctic notothenioids, the blood of E. maclovinus and B. diacanthus displays high hemoglobin (Hb) multiplicity. E. maclovinus, the sister group of Antarctic notothenioids, has one cathodal (Hb C) and two anodal components (Hb 1, Hb 2). B. diacanthus, one of the most northern notothenioids, has three major Hbs. The multiple Hbs may have been maintained as a response to temperature differences and fluctuations of temperate waters, much larger than in the Antarctic.
  • Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Podoceridae

    Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Podoceridae

    Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 64: 173-184 (2015) ESPECIE NUEVA DE PODOCERUS LEACH, 1814 (AMPHIPODA: SENTICAUDATA: PODOCERIDAE) Y REGISTROS NUEVOS DE OTROS ANFÍPODOS PARA CHILE Jorge Pérez-Schultheiss1,2 y Cynthia Vásquez1 1 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Área de Zoología, Interior Parque Quinta Normal s/n, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] 2 Departamento de Sistemática Animal, Centro de Estudios en Biodiversidad (CEBCh), Magallanes 1979, Osorno. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:50437BAD-5209-4E66-9EA9-19D3BB8E2A39 RESUMEN Se describe una especie nueva de anfípodo de la familia Podoceridae con base en especímenes provenientes de la región de Aysén, sur de Chile y se reportan nuevas localidades para otras dos especies de las familias Ischyroceridae y Corophiidae. Podocerus chilensis n. sp. es similar a P. cristatus (Thomson, 1979) de Nueva Zelanda, con diferencias en caracteres de la mandíbula, el urópodo 1 del macho y el gnatópodo 2 en ambos sexos. El Ischyrocerido Jassa slatteryi Conlan, 1990, de amplia distribución mundial y conocido anteriormente de la zona central de Chile, extiende su distribución geográfica en el país hasta la región de Aysén, mientras que el Corophiido estuarino Paracorophium hartmannorum Andres, 1979 se reporta por primera vez como componente bentónico dulceacuícola en el sur de Chile, con base en ejemplares provenientes del Lago Llanquihue y rio Maullín, región de Los Lagos. Se incluye una clave taxonómica para el reconocimiento de las especies chilenas del genero Jassa. Palabras clave: Infraorden Corophiida, Podocerus chilensis n. sp., Jassa slatteryi, Paracorophium hartmannorum, nuevos registros, Chile. ABSTRACT New species of Podocerus Leach, 1814 (Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Podoceridae) and new records for other amphipods from Chile.
  • Metabolic Responses to Salinity Changes in the Subantarctic Notothenioid Teleost Eleginops Maclovinus

    Metabolic Responses to Salinity Changes in the Subantarctic Notothenioid Teleost Eleginops Maclovinus

    Metabolic responses to salinity changes in the subantarctic notothenioid teleost Eleginops maclovinus L. Vargas-Chacoff, F. Moneva, R. Oyarzún, D. Martínez, E. Saavedra, I. Ruiz-Jarabo, J. L. P. Muñoz, C. Bertrán & J. M. Mancera Polar Biology ISSN 0722-4060 Volume 39 Number 7 Polar Biol (2016) 39:1297-1308 DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1854-1 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Polar Biol (2016) 39:1297–1308 DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1854-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Metabolic responses to salinity changes in the subantarctic notothenioid teleost Eleginops maclovinus 1,2 1 1 1 1 L. Vargas-Chacoff • F. Moneva • R. Oyarzu´n • D. Martı´nez • E. Saavedra • 3 4 1 5 I. Ruiz-Jarabo • J. L. P. Mun˜oz • C. Bertra´n • J. M. Mancera Received: 2 March 2015 / Revised: 25 November 2015 / Accepted: 30 November 2015 / Published online: 8 December 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Eleginops maclovinus is an endemic, sub- affected by salinity changes, probably due to its role as a antarctic Notothenioidei species.
  • Cold Adaptation in Antarctic Notothenioids

    Cold Adaptation in Antarctic Notothenioids

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Cold Adaptation in Antarctic Notothenioids: Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Novel Insights in the Peculiar Role of Gills and Highlights Signatures of Cobalamin Deficiency Federico Ansaloni 1,2 , Marco Gerdol 1,* , Valentina Torboli 1, Nicola Reinaldo Fornaini 1,3, Samuele Greco 1 , Piero Giulio Giulianini 1 , Maria Rosaria Coscia 4, Andrea Miccoli 5 , Gianfranco Santovito 6 , Francesco Buonocore 5 , Giuseppe Scapigliati 5,† and Alberto Pallavicini 1,7,8,† 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; [email protected] (F.A.); [email protected] (V.T.); [email protected] (N.R.F.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (P.G.G.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy 3 Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic 4 Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (G.S.) 6 Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; [email protected] 7 Anton Dohrn Zoological Station, 80122 Naples, Italy 8 National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, 34010 Trieste, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Ansaloni, F.; Gerdol, M.; † These authors contributed equally to this work. Torboli, V.; Fornaini, N.R.; Greco, S.; Giulianini, P.G.; Coscia, M.R.; Miccoli, A.; Santovito, G.; Buonocore, F.; et al.
  • Redalyc.Limnetic Feeding in Eleginops Maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1830)

    Redalyc.Limnetic Feeding in Eleginops Maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1830)

    Interciencia ISSN: 0378-1844 [email protected] Asociación Interciencia Venezuela Pavés, Héctor; Pequeño, Germán; Bertrán, Carlos; Vargas, Luis Limnetic feeding in eleginops maclovinus (valenciennes, 1830) in the Valdivia River, Chile Interciencia, vol. 30, núm. 3, marzo, 2005, pp. 120-125 Asociación Interciencia Caracas, Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33910202 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto LIMNETIC FEEDING IN Eleginops maclovinus (VALENCIENNES, 1830) IN THE VALDIVIA RIVER, CHILE HÉCTOR PAVÉS, GERMÁN PEQUEÑO, CARLOS BERTRÁN and LUIS VARGAS leginops maclovinus, Va- throughout its entire ontogenetic develop- mens were measured for total length (TL, lenciennes, 1830 is a ment. live) and standard length (SL) using a monotypic species of the In the present study the ruler graduated in millimeters. Weights family Eleginopidae (Osteichthyes), sub- trophic relations between juveniles and were obtained using a field balance order Notothenioidei. The species is adults of E. maclovinus within a limnetic graduated to 0.1g. At the laboratory, the thought to be of Antarctic evolutionary habitat, namely the upper Valdivia River fishes were initially fixed in 10% river origin, and is one of the most euryther- estuary, are compared. It was also tested water formalin for 48h and stored in 70% mic, euryhaline and stenobathic represen- whether E. maclovinus, the notothenioid ETOH. The stomachs were removed from tative of the suborder (Pequeño, 1989).
  • Hermaphroditism in Fish

    Hermaphroditism in Fish

    Tesis doctoral Evolutionary transitions, environmental correlates and life-history traits associated with the distribution of the different forms of hermaphroditism in fish Susanna Pla Quirante Tesi presentada per a optar al títol de Doctor per la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, programa de doctorat en Aqüicultura, del Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia. Director: Tutor: Dr. Francesc Piferrer Circuns Dr. Lluís Tort Bardolet Departament de Recursos Marins Renovables Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Institut de Ciències del Mar Fisiologia i Immunologia Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona La doctoranda: Susanna Pla Quirante Barcelona, Setembre de 2019 To my mother Agraïments / Acknowledgements / Agradecimientos Vull agrair a totes aquelles persones que han aportat els seus coneixements i dedicació a fer possible aquesta tesi, tant a nivell professional com personal. Per començar, vull agrair al meu director de tesi, el Dr. Francesc Piferrer, per haver-me donat aquesta oportunitat i per haver confiat en mi des del principi. Sempre admiraré i recordaré el teu entusiasme en la ciència i de la contínua formació rebuda, tant a nivell científic com personal. Des del primer dia, a través dels teus consells i coneixements, he experimentat un continu aprenentatge que sens dubte ha derivat a una gran evolució personal. Principalment he après a identificar les meves capacitats i les meves limitacions, i a ser resolutiva davant de qualsevol adversitat. Per tant, el meu més sincer agraïment, que mai oblidaré. During the thesis, I was able to meet incredible people from the scientific world. During my stay at the University of Manchester, where I learned the techniques of phylogenetic analysis, I had one of the best professional experiences with Dr.
  • CABO DE HORNOS - DIEGO RAMÍREZ BIODIVERSIDAD Y PROPUESTA DE CONSERVACIÓN Julio Del 2017

    CABO DE HORNOS - DIEGO RAMÍREZ BIODIVERSIDAD Y PROPUESTA DE CONSERVACIÓN Julio Del 2017

    CABO DE HORNOS - DIEGO RAMÍREZ BIODIVERSIDAD Y PROPUESTA DE CONSERVACIÓN Julio del 2017 National Geographic Pristine Seas Waitt Foundation 2 COMO CITAR ESTE DOCUMENTO: Salinas-de-León P, Friedlander A, Ballesteros E, Henning B, Hune M, Sala E. 2017. Cabo de Hornos - Diego Ramírez. Biodiversidad y propuesta de conservación. Informe técnico para el Gobierno de Chile. National Geographic Pristine Seas, Washington, D.C. 79pp ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS RESUMEN EJECUTIVO . .4 INTRODUCCIÓN . 6 ECOSISTEMAS SUBMARINOS . .11 UN GRAN ECOSISTEMA PELÁGICO . 46 AMENAZAS . 50 NECESIDADES DE CONSERVACIÓN. .64 BIBLIOGRAFÍA . 67 ANEXOS . 74 4 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO Chile se ha convertido en un líder mundial en conservación al crear los dos parques marinos más grandes de América alrededor de islas oceánicas. Hoy el desafío es ampliar ese liderazgo para cubrir de manera representativa otros ecosistemas de Chile. La Región de Magallanes presenta una oportunidad única para crear el parque marino más grande e importante del Cono Sur en la zona de Cabo de Hornos y las islas Diego Ramírez. Los archipiélagos más australes del continente americano albergan un ecosistema marino- terrestre único e intacto. Su valor ecológico es irremplazable: ◾◾ Un ecosistema marino prístino de alta productividad. ◾◾ Los fondos costeros albergan extensos bosques de kelp, auténticas catedrales submarinas donde habitan innumerables especies como la centolla. ◾◾ El abundante krill, base de la cadena alimentaria, sostiene a pingüinos, sardinas y ballenas. ◾◾ Abundantes colonias de lobos marinos, elefantes marinos, y cientos de miles de aves marinas – incluyendo a especies amenazadas. ◾◾ Es la puerta natural de Chile a la Antártida. AMENAZAS ◾◾ La pesca industrial en la región ya ha sobreexplotado especies como el bacalo de profundidad, la merluza austral y la centolla.