DOCSLIB.ORG

Prey Quantity and Quality Effects on Larval Atlantic Herring (Clupea Harengus L.) Growth in the Western Baltic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prey Quantity and Quality Effects on Larval Atlantic Herring (Clupea Harengus L.) Growth in the Western Baltic Prey quantity and quality effects on larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) growth in the western Baltic Sea Dissertation with the aim of achieving a doctoral degree at the Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences Department of Biology Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries science at the University of Hamburg Matthias Paulsen Hamburg, 2016 Supervisors: Prof. Dr. habil. Cornelius Hammer, Thünen-Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock Prof. PhD. Myron A. Peck, University of Hamburg Dr. Catriona Clemmesen-Bockelmann, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) Dissertation evaluation commission: Prof. PhD. Myron A. Peck, University of Hamburg Dr. Catriona Clemmesen-Bockelmann, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) Examination commission: Prof. Dr. Kathrin Dausmann (chair of commission), University of Hamburg Prof. Dr. habil. Cornelius Hammer, Thünen-Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock Prof. PhD. Myron A. Peck, University of Hamburg Prof. Dr. Christian Möllmann, University of Hamburg Date and location of the oral defense: 03.02.2017 Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg Contents Summary 1 Zusammenfassung 5 General introduction and thesis outline 9 Chapter 1: Nutritional situation for larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) 35 in two nursery areas in the western Baltic Sea Chapter 2: Food-limited growth of larval Atlantic herring Clupea harengus 65 recurrently observed in a coastal nursery area Chapter 3: Preliminary insights into effects of protozooplankton on growth 95 of spring-hatched herring larvae Chapter 4: Size-dependent growth in larval fish is not an issue in a world 111 of plenty Chapter 5: Spatial variability of larval Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) 117 growth rates in the western Baltic Sea Chapter 6: Effects of the Baltic Sea Index (BSI) on larval herring growth 135 and copepod abundance in the western Baltic Sea General discussion and outlook 151 Declaration on oath 181 Individual scientific contributions 183 Danksagung 185 Summary Recruitment in many marine fish populations is subject to a strong inter-annual variability and larval survival is seen as one of its key drivers. Apart from predation, nutrition constitutes one of the most influential factors on larval survival rates as it determines growth and, hence, influences the duration time that a larva remains in the highly sensitive larval stage. In light of the enduring low recruitment of western Baltic spring spawning herring (WBSSH), the studies conducted in the framework of this thesis aim at providing information about the relation between the nutritional situation and the growth of Atlantic herring larvae in three important nursery areas of the western Baltic Sea (Kiel Canal, Greifswalder Bodden, Kiel Fjord). First, food quantity and its quality in terms of essential fatty acid (EFA) concentrations were analyzed and related to larval growth rates in the Kiel Canal and the Greifswalder Bodden in 2011. The results indicated that both prey quantity and its quality affect larval growth rates. In the study, highest EFA concentrations in the prey were reflected in highest EFA concentrations in the larvae; the latter of which positively correlated with larval growth. Over the course of the season, both habitats provided beneficial and unfavorable growth conditions for the larvae in, however, opposing temporal order. Analyses of a six-year time series of the Kiel Canal revealed a consistent seasonal pattern of prey availability and larval herring growth in this watershed. Larval growth correlated positively with the abundance of the dominant copepod species (Eurytemora affinis), of which highest abundances occurred throughout May. Moreover, by the end of May/ beginning of June, with increasing water temperatures (≥ 15°C) the copepod abundance and subsequently larval growth rates strongly decreased. In contrast, larval growth linearly increased in the Greifswalder Bodden with increasing temperature. The coinciding decline of copepod abundance and larval growth was recurrently observed, which indicates that herring larvae in the Kiel Canal undergo food-limited growth by the end of each spring season. Potential effects of protozooplankton (PZP) biomass on growth of spring-hatched herring larvae were investigated in the Kiel Canal in 2014. No effects of PZP biomass on larval herring growth rates were detected. However, the abundance of copepods – which 1 Summary are known to represent the preferred prey of larval herring – was high during the investigation period. It is therefore possible that PZP is only of minor importance to larval herring, if larger prey items occur at adequate concentrations. Size-dependent larval growth is frequently observed in marine larval fish. In contrast, larval herring growth and size data in combination with seasonal mean zooplankton abundance during a six-year time series from the Kiel Canal revealed a decreasing size-dependency in larval growth with increasing prey abundance. This outcome suggests that size-dependent larval growth may function as an indicator for suboptimal feeding conditions particularly for small larvae. Spatial variability in larval growth was investigated in the Greifswalder Bodden in 2010 and a comparison between seasonal mean growth in the Greifswalder Bodden and the Kiel Canal was conducted between 2010 and 2012. With one exception (large larvae in the channel-like Strelasund area of Greifswalder Bodden), temporal variability was higher than spatial variability in larval growth, both within the Greifswalder Bodden and between habitats. This finding was supported by the results of coastal mesozooplankton surveys which suggested that variability in prey was greater temporally as opposed to spatially. Changes in larval growth and copepod abundance were analyzed in the Kiel Canal (2007-2012), the Kiel Fjord (2007-2012) and the Greifswalder Bodden (2010-2012) with respect to changes in the Baltic Sea Index (BSI), a broadscale, atmospheric climate index. Changes in the winter BSI were unrelated to changes in larval growth rate or copepod abundance. Only a negative trend between the abundance of the copepod Pseudocalanus spp. and the winter BSI existed with decreasing abundance at increasing BSI. Moreover, a highly significant correlation between the growth rates of small larvae (< 14 mm) and the mean seasonal copepod abundance from all investigation areas was observed, whereas this was not found for larger larvae (14 mm – 20 mm). Based on 9 years of data, a significant correlation between WBSSH recruitment and the yearly mean abundance of the copepod Pseudocalanus spp. was found. In the 1990´s, WBSSH recruitment was on average twice as high as between 2000 and 2012. In line with that, peak abundances of copepods and cladocerans were twice as high in 1991- 1995 and 1999 compared to the period thereafter. Weight-at-age 1 did not change over time and was significantly lower compared to same-age conspecifics from the Kattegat/Skagerrak area, independent of recruitment strength. The findings suggest that 2 Summary herring recruitment is close to the carrying capacity of the pelagic ecosystem in the western Baltic Sea. Overall, this thesis provides comprehensive insight into the relationship between food quantity/ food quality and larval Atlantic herring growth. Food quality significantly affected larval growth; however, food quantity appeared to be of paramount importance especially for smaller, less developed larvae. The outcome of the thesis indicates that WBSSH stock recruitment is significantly affected by prey availability, both due to effects on larval growth/survival and density-dependence during the juvenile stage. 3 4 Zusammenfassung Die Rekrutierung von marinen Fischbeständen ist durch starke inter-annuelle Variabilität gekennzeichnet. Die Überlebensrate der Larven spielt dabei als einer der Haupttreiber eine zentrale Rolle. Neben Prädation ist die Ernährungssituation der Larven von übergeordneter Bedeutung: sie beeinflusst das Larvenwachstum und damit die Dauer, die die Larven in der hoch sensiblen Larvalphase verbringen. Angesichts der andauernden niedrigen Rekrutierung des frühjahrslaichenden Heringsbestandes der westlichen Ostsee (engl. western Baltic spring spawning herring, WBSSH) wurden die Studien dieser Thesis durchgeführt. Dies geschah mit dem Ziel weitergehende Erkenntnisse über die Beziehung zwischen der Ernährungssituation der Heringslarven und deren Wachstum in drei wichtigen Aufwuchsgebieten der westlichen Ostsee (Nord-Ostsee-Kanal, Greifswalder Bodden, Kieler Förde) zu gewinnen. In der Frühjahrssaison 2011 wurden Nahrungsquantität und Nahrungsqualität in Form der Konzentration der essentiellen Fettsäuren (engl. essential fatty acids, EFA) im Greifswalder Bodden und im Nord-Ostsee-Kanal analysiert und zum Heringslarvenwachstum in Beziehung gesetzt. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl Nahrungsquantität als auch –qualität das Larvenwachstum beeinflussen. Die höchsten EFA-Konzentrationen in den Larven wurden beobachtet, als auch die EFA- Konzentrationen in der Beute am höchsten waren; die EFA-Konzentrationen in den Larven korrelierten signifikant mit deren Wachstum. Im Laufe der Saison boten beide Habitate sowohl gute als auch schlechte Nahrungsbedingungen, jedoch in diametraler zeitlicher Anordnung. Die Analysen einer sechsjährigen Zeitserie des Nord-Ostsee-Kanals zeigten ein wiederkehrendes saisonales Muster von Futterverfügbarkeit und Larvenwachstum in diesem Habitat. Im Mai eines jeden Jahres wurden
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disease List for Aquaculture Health Certificate
    Quarantine Standard for Designated Species of Imported/Exported Aquatic Animals [Attached Table] 4. Listed Diseases & Quarantine Standard for Designated Species Listed disease designated species standard Common name Disease Pathogen 1. Epizootic haematopoietic Epizootic Perca fluviatilis Redfin perch necrosis(EHN) haematopoietic Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout necrosis virus(EHNV) Macquaria australasica Macquarie perch Bidyanus bidyanus Silver perch Gambusia affinis Mosquito fish Galaxias olidus Mountain galaxias Negative Maccullochella peelii Murray cod Salmo salar Atlantic salmon Ameirus melas Black bullhead Esox lucius Pike 2. Spring viraemia of Spring viraemia of Cyprinus carpio Common carp carp, (SVC) carp virus(SVCV) Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella white amur Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Bighead carp Carassius carassius Crucian carp Carassius auratus Goldfish Tinca tinca Tench Sheatfish, Silurus glanis European catfish, wels Negative Leuciscus idus Orfe Rutilus rutilus Roach Danio rerio Zebrafish Esox lucius Northern pike Poecilia reticulata Guppy Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseed Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Abramis brama Freshwater bream Notemigonus cysoleucas Golden shiner 3.Viral haemorrhagic Viral haemorrhagic Oncorhynchus spp. Pacific salmon septicaemia(VHS) septicaemia Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout virus(VHSV) Gadus macrocephalus Pacific cod Aulorhynchus flavidus Tubesnout Cymatogaster aggregata Shiner perch Ammodytes hexapterus Pacific sandlance Merluccius productus Pacific
    [Show full text]
  • IMR/PINRO Nr. 2
    IMR/PINRO J O 2 S I E N I T 2013 R E R E S P O R T $WODVRIWKH%DUHQWV6HDÀVKHV based on the winter survey Institute of Marine Research - IMR Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography - PINRO This report should be cited as: Wienerroither R., Johannesen E., Dolgov A., Byrkjedal I., Aglen A., Bjelland O., Drevetnyak K., Eriksen KB., Høines Å., Langhelle G., Langøy H., Murashko P., Prokhorova T., Prozorkevich D., Smirnov O., Wenneck T. 2013. 2013. Atlas of the Barents Sea Fishes based on the winter survey. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2013. ISSN 1502-8828. 220 pp. Atlas of the Barents Sea Fishes based on the winter survey Authors: Rupert Wienerroither, Edda Johannesen, Herdis Langøy, Kirsti Børve Eriksen, Thomas de Lange Wenneck, Åge Høines, Otte Bjelland and Asgeir Aglen IMR Andrey Dolgov, Tatiana Prokhorova, Pavel Murashko, Dmitry Prozorkevich, Konstantin Drevetnyak and Oleg Smirnov PINRO Ingvar Byrkjedal and Gunnar Langhelle University Museum of Bergen Foreword This report is intended as a supplement to the “Atlas of the Barents Sea Fishes” (Wienerroither et al. 2011). The data used in the “Atlas of the Barents Sea Fishes” were gathered on the IMR-PINRO ecosystem survey (2004-2009). The maps presented in this supplement are based on data from February-March 2007-2012 that are gathered on the joint IMR PINRO winter survey. Differences between the two surveys and seasons and how these influence the spatial distributions presented in the maps are described in the introduction. The species descriptions are the same as in and the structure of this report is similar to the “Atlas of the Barents Sea Fishes”.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Herring
    Species Profile: Atlantic Herring New Stock Assessment Could Lead to Species Snapshot Management Changes Introduction Atlantic Herring Until recently, the Atlantic herring stock had been considered healthy and fully rebuilt from a Clupea harengus collapsed stock in the 1980s. However, the results of the 2018 benchmark stock assessment have raised new concerns about the Atlantic herring resource. While the stock remains not Management Unit: Maine through New Jersey overfished and was not experiencing overfishing in the terminal year (2017) of the assess- ment, the assessment did show very low levels of recruitment over the past five years. These Common Names: Sea herring, sardine, sild, results will likely have management implications for the species as regulators work to prevent common herring, Labrador herring, sperling overfishing from occurring in the coming years. Diminished stock size and, in turn, lowered catch limits will also impact fisheries that rely on Atlantic herring as an important source of Interesting Facts: bait, such as American lobster, blue crab, tuna, and striped bass fisheries. • Atlantic herring and other clupeid fish have exceptional hearing. They can detect sound Life History frequencies up to 40 kilohertz, beyond the Atlantic sea herring is one of 200 species in the clupeid family, which includes menhaden, range of most fish. This allows schooling fish shad, and river herring. It inhabits coastal waters of the U.S. from Cape Hatteras, North Caro- to communicate while avoiding detection by lina through Labrador, Canada, and off the coast of Europe. Herring form the base of the food predatory fish. web as a forage species for many animals, from starfish and whelk to economically import- • While most members of the clupeid family are ant fish such as haddock, cod, and flounder.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients
    IFFO RS Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients Fishery Assessment Methodology and Template Report V2.0 Version No.: 2.0 Date: July 2017 Page 1 IFFO RS Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients Fishery Under Assessment Common Sardine (Strangomera bentincki) Date August 2019 Assessor Jim Daly Application details and summary of the assessment outcome Name: Alimentos Marinos and others Address: Country: Chile Zip: Tel. No.: Fax. No.: Email address: Applicant Code Key Contact: Title: Certification Body Details Name of Certification Body: SAI Global Ltd Assessment Initial/Surveillance/Re- Whole fish/ By- Assessor Name Peer Reviewer Days approval product Jim Daly Virginia Polonio 3 SURV 1 Whole fish Assessment Period 2018-2019 Scope Details Management Authority (Country/State) Subpesca & Sernapesca, Chile Main Species Common Sardine (Araucanian herring) Fishery Location Chile region V-X, Pacific area FAO 87 Gear Type(s) Purse seine Outcome of Assessment Common Sardine V-X (Araucanian herring) PASS Strangomera bentincki Clauses Failed NONE PASS Peruvian anchovy V-X (Engraulis ringens); Clauses Failed NONE Chub mackerel V-X (Global stock) (Trachurus PASS murphyi) Clauses Failed NONE Peer Review Evaluation APPROVE Recommendation PASS Version No.: 2.0 Date: July 2017 Page 2 Assessment Determination The Subsecretaria de Pesca (Undersecretariat of Fisheries, SUBPESCA or SSP); positioned within the Chilean Ministry (MINECOM) provide policy settings and regulatory framework for the domestic management of the sector. The Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (Fisheries Development Institute, IFOP) is the research arm of the institutional framework; providing scientific advice to SUBPESCA on fisheries and aquaculture issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Herring Atlantic
    Atlantic herring Clupea harengus Image ©Scandinavian Fishing Yearbook / www.scandfish.com Atlantic Midwater trawl, Purse Seine November 17, 2014 Lindsey Feldman, Consulting researcher Disclaimer Seafood Watch® strives to have all Seafood Reports reviewed for accuracy and completeness by external scientists with expertise in ecology, fisheries science and aquaculture. Scientific review, however, does not constitute an endorsement of the Seafood Watch® program or its recommendations on the part of the reviewing scientists. Seafood Watch® is solely responsible for the conclusions reached in this report. 2 About Seafood Watch® Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch® program evaluates the ecological sustainability of wild- caught and farmed seafood commonly found in the United States marketplace. Seafood Watch® defines sustainable seafood as originating from sources, whether wild-caught or farmed, which can maintain or increase production in the long-term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affected ecosystems. Seafood Watch® makes its science-based recommendations available to the public in the form of regional pocket guides that can be downloaded from www.seafoodwatch.org. The program’s goals are to raise awareness of important ocean conservation issues and empower seafood consumers and businesses to make choices for healthy oceans. Each sustainability recommendation on the regional pocket guides is supported by a Seafood Report. Each report synthesizes and analyzes the most current ecological, fisheries and ecosystem science on a species, then evaluates this information against the program’s conservation ethic to arrive at a recommendation of “Best Choices,” “Good Alternatives” or “Avoid.” The detailed evaluation methodology is available upon request. In producing the Seafood Reports, Seafood Watch® seeks out research published in academic, peer-reviewed journals whenever possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Herring (Clupea Harengus)
    European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE: ATLANTIC HERRING ATLANTIC HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS) BIOLOGY AND HABITAT • Species description (Read more) The Atlantic herring belongs to the family of Clupeidae. • Geographical distribution and habitat (Read more) The Atlantic herring lives in the North-East Atlantic (from Norwegian waters in the North to the Bay of Biscay in the South) and in the North-West Atlantic (from Greenland to South Carolina in the USA). RESOURCE, EXPLOITATION AND MANAGEMENT • Stocks and resource status/conservation measures (Read more) Minimum conservation sizes are: 18 cm of total length in Skagerrak and Kattegat and 20 cm in other fishing areas. • Production methods and fishing gears (Read more) The main fishing gears used are gillnets and similar nets, pots and traps, seines and trawls. Source : Information system on commercial designations European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE Atlantic herring CATCHES • The share of Atlantic herring in the global catches is 1,8% (FAO, 2018). • During the last decade (2009-2018), Atlantic herring catches have decreased by -28% at global level (related to the decrease of catches in Iceland by -63% over the same period) but have significantly increased at EU level (+64%). Evolution of world catches Others Norway EU-28 Catches (2018, 1.000 tonnes) 909 43 EU-28 3 771 90 Norway 579 512 453 94 646 593 497 448 430 99 Iceland 498 124 1 077 352 527 870 Canada 924 611 507 407 313 633 1.000 1.000 tonnes Faroe Islands 840 870 498 661 716 726 769 777 Russian 531 509 507 Federation USA 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: FAO Evolution of EU catches • In 2018, the EU provided 48% of the global Atlantic herring catches (vs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Parasites of Northwestern Atlantic Herring (Clupea Harengus L.) By
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N606 NAFO SCR Doc. 82/IX/97 FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING - SEPTEMBER 1982 The Parasites of Northwestern Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus L.) by S. McGladdery Department of Biology,University of New Brunswick Bag Service # 45111, Fredericton, N.B., Canada .E3B 6E1 INTRODUCTION: Interest in the parasite fauna of the northwestern Atlantic herring was aroused by work carried out on the northeastern Atlantic herring by MacKenzie and•Johnson. They attempted to show that certain parasites could be used as "biological tags" to distinguish one spawning population of Scottish herring from another. As a result of these, and subsequent studies by MacKenzie, biological tags have been incorporated into the management programme of the Scottish herring fishery. Since northeastern Atlantic herring and northwestern Atlantic herring do not act as hosts for the same parasite species, it is important to have comparable data for the northwestern Atlantic herring. As this information was lacking for all but a few specific parasite species, this survey was initiated. The principal aim is to determine exactly which parasites occur in these herring and whether any could be of use as "Diological tags" to distinguish one population from another. In addition to the helminth parasites discussed at the Third Annual Meeting of N.A.F.O. in September :last year, two species of coccidian Protozoa have been identified in this survey, along with at least one species of Monogenean. The collection of blood smears has been discontinued due to the difficuly of obtaining blood from the fish before the onset of haemolysis (which renders the smear useless for parasite detection).
    [Show full text]
  • Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs
    little fish BIG IMPACT Managing a crucial link in ocean food webs A report from the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force The Lenfest Ocean Program invests in scientific research on the environmental, economic, and social impacts of fishing, fisheries management, and aquaculture. Supported research projects result in peer-reviewed publications in leading scientific journals. The Program works with the scientists to ensure that research results are delivered effectively to decision makers and the public, who can take action based on the findings. The program was established in 2004 by the Lenfest Foundation and is managed by the Pew Charitable Trusts (www.lenfestocean.org, Twitter handle: @LenfestOcean). The Institute for Ocean Conservation Science (IOCS) is part of the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. It is dedicated to advancing ocean conservation through science. IOCS conducts world-class scientific research that increases knowledge about critical threats to oceans and their inhabitants, provides the foundation for smarter ocean policy, and establishes new frameworks for improved ocean conservation. Suggested citation: Pikitch, E., Boersma, P.D., Boyd, I.L., Conover, D.O., Cury, P., Essington, T., Heppell, S.S., Houde, E.D., Mangel, M., Pauly, D., Plagányi, É., Sainsbury, K., and Steneck, R.S. 2012. Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs. Lenfest Ocean Program. Washington, DC. 108 pp. Cover photo illustration: shoal of forage fish (center), surrounded by (clockwise from top), humpback whale, Cape gannet, Steller sea lions, Atlantic puffins, sardines and black-legged kittiwake. Credits Cover (center) and title page: © Jason Pickering/SeaPics.com Banner, pages ii–1: © Brandon Cole Design: Janin/Cliff Design Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen Depletion Affects Kinematics and Shoaling Cohesion of Cyprinid Fish
    water Communication Oxygen Depletion Affects Kinematics and Shoaling Cohesion of Cyprinid Fish Daniel S. Hayes 1,2,* , Paulo Branco 2 , José Maria Santos 2 and Teresa Ferreira 2 1 Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria 2 Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; [email protected] (P.B.); [email protected] (J.M.S.); [email protected] (T.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-47654-81223 Received: 24 January 2019; Accepted: 25 March 2019; Published: 27 March 2019 Abstract: Numerous anthropogenic stressors impact rivers worldwide. Hypoxia, resulting from organic waste releases and eutrophication, occurs very commonly in Mediterranean rivers. Nonetheless, little is known about the effects of deoxygenation on the behavior of Mediterranean freshwater fish. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of three different dissolved oxygen levels (normoxia, 48.4%, 16.5% saturation) on kinematics indicators (swimming velocity, acceleration, distance traveled) and shoaling cohesion of adult Iberian barbel, Luciobarbus bocagei, a widespread cyprinid species inhabiting a broad range of lotic and lentic habitats. We conducted flume experiments and video-tracked individual swimming movements of shoals of five fish. Our results reveal significant differences between the treatments regarding kinematics. Swimming velocity, acceleration, and total distance traveled decreased stepwise from the control to each of the two oxygen depletion treatments, whereby the difference between the control and both depletion levels was significant, respectively, but not between the depletion levels themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Behaviour and Swimming Activity of Larval Herring (Clupea Harengus) in Relation to Density of Copepod Nauplii
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 24: 15-21. 1985 - Published July 11 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 l l Feeding behaviour and swimming activity of larval herring (Clupea harengus) in relation to density of copepod nauplii Peter Munk & Thomas Kierboe Danish Institute for Fisheries and Marine Research, Charlottenlund Castle. DK-2920Charlottenlund, Denmark ABSTRACT: Prey organisms of fish larvae vary in density, both temporally and spatially. Do fish larvae respond behaviourally to variation in food density? The responses of larval herring Clupea harengus L. to different densities of copepod nauplii (5 to 360 nauplii 1-l) were studied in laboratory experiments. Larval feeding rate increased as food availability increased until an asymptote was reached. At low food densities;larval swimming activity was ca 100 % higher than at the highest food concentrations; a change in larval swimming mode within the range of food densities was also noted. The water volume searched by the larvae, calculated on the basis of rate of feeding attacks, showed a pronounced increase when food density declined, partly due to the increased swimming activity but also as a result of an increase in distance of reaction to food particles. The adaptive significance of these behavioural changes is discussed. INTRODUCTION nature. The aim of this study is to look for such behavioural adaptations in herring larvae by analysing Larvae of herring Clupea harengus L. are planktonic the behavioural components of the functional response predators, mainly feeding on copepodites and copepod over the range of food densities herring larvae natur- nauplii. The density of larval prey varies temporally ally experience in the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Herrings, Sardines, Anchovies Capture Production by Species, Fishing Areas and Countries Or Areas B-35 Harengs, Sardines, Anchoi
    224 Herrings, sardines, anchovies Capture production by species, fishing areas and countries or areas B-35 Harengs, sardines, anchois Captures par espèces, zones de pêche et pays ou zones Arenques, sardinas, anchoas Capturas por especies, áreas de pesca y países o áreas Species, Fishing area Espèce, Zone de pêche 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Especie, Área de pesca t t t t t t t t t t Atlantic herring Hareng de l'Atlantique Arenque del Atlántico Clupea harengus 1,21(05)001,05 HER 21 Canada 163 263 160 101 167 782 140 237 155 178 149 883 134 468 113 989 126 102 114 610 Spain - - 11 - - - - 1 - - USA 97 398 93 934 73 330 77 912 101 133 65 138 78 507 86 415 93 967 92 402 21 Fishing area total 260 661 254 035 241 123 218 149 256 311 215 021 212 975 200 405 220 069 207 012 27 Belgium 6 3 1 0 0 1 3 4 22 27 Channel Is - - - 1 1 1 - 0 - - Denmark 167 456 139 660 120 660 105 450 92 049 77 445 85 934 125 117 141 028 135 580 Estonia 22 098 23 192 26 108 31 843 33 168 28 866 25 325 22 047 21 941 23 130 Faroe Is 71 878 71 840 63 332 78 317 94 538 87 575 72 952 51 352 115 552 43 326 Finland 66 977 79 887 89 393 83 717 90 833 92 757 98 002 117 866 122 318 131 116 France 40 960 39 607 22 115 22 122 3 752 4 421 12 879 24 372 30 142 30 945 Germany 92 581 80 552 49 966 46 660 37 453 37 038 37 023 51 214 71 841 53 423 Greenland 3 360 18 130 4 898 4 245 3 730 4 764 2 940 2 583 12 133 13 181 Iceland 261 445 291 380 319 894 370 814 331 200 254 476 198 463 115 181 157 537 157 895 Ireland 29 341 30 780 30 827 28 058 26 254 26 662 24 807 28 719 23 192 24 056 Isle of Man ..
    [Show full text]
  • Teleostei, Clupeiformes)
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Fall 2019 Global Conservation Status and Threat Patterns of the World’s Most Prominent Forage Fishes (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) Tiffany L. Birge Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Birge, Tiffany L.. "Global Conservation Status and Threat Patterns of the World’s Most Prominent Forage Fishes (Teleostei, Clupeiformes)" (2019). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/8m64-bg07 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/109 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS AND THREAT PATTERNS OF THE WORLD’S MOST PROMINENT FORAGE FISHES (TELEOSTEI, CLUPEIFORMES) by Tiffany L. Birge A.S. May 2014, Tidewater Community College B.S. May 2016, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY December 2019 Approved by: Kent E. Carpenter (Advisor) Sara Maxwell (Member) Thomas Munroe (Member) ABSTRACT GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS AND THREAT PATTERNS OF THE WORLD’S MOST PROMINENT FORAGE FISHES (TELEOSTEI, CLUPEIFORMES) Tiffany L. Birge Old Dominion University, 2019 Advisor: Dr. Kent E.
    [Show full text]