The Writer's Journey, 2Nd Edition
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REVIEWS OF THE 1ST EDITION “This book is like having the smartest person in the story meeting come home with you and whisper what to do in your ear as you write a screenplay Insight for insight, step for step, Chris Vogler takes us through the process of connecting theme to story and making a script come alive.” —Lynda Obst, Producer, Sleepless in Seattle, One Fine Day, Contact; Author of Hello, He Lied “ The Writer’s Journey is an insightful and even inspirational guide to the craft of storytelling. An approach to structure that is fresh and contemporary, while respecting our roots in mythology’’ —Charles Russell, Writer, Director, Producer, Dreamscape, The Mask, Eraser “ The Writer’s Journey should be on anyone’s bookshelf who cares about the art of storytelling at the movies. Not just some theoretical tome filled with development cliches of the day, this book offers sound and practical advice on how to construct a story that works.” —David Friendly, Producer, Daylight, Courage Under Fire, Out to Sea, My Girl “A classic of its kind full of insight and inspiration that every writer, both amateur and professional, must read.” —Richard D. Zanuck, The Zanuck Company Driving Miss Daisy, Cocoon, The Verdict, Sting “The basis for a great movie is a great screenplay, and the basis for a great screenplay should be The Writer’s Journey” —Adam Fields, Money Train, Great Balls of Fire “One of the most valuable tools in understanding and appreciating the structure of a plot that’s available today. The Writer’s Journey is an essential tool to any writer at any stage of their career.” —Debbie Macomber, Best-selling author, 42 million books in print, Author of Montana “A valuable tool for any creative writer, The Writer’s Journey is consistently among our top- selling books each month. Christopher Vogler’s narrative helps writers construct well-developed characters that enrich their stories.” —The Writer’s Computer Store ‘ The Writer’s Journey provides both fiction and nonfiction writers with powerful ools and guidelines to create remarkable stories. It is the best book of its kind.” —John Tullius, Director, Maui Writers Conference and Writer’s Retreat This is a book about the stories we write, and perhaps more importantly, the itories we live. It is the most influential work I have yet encountered on the art, lature, and the very purpose of storytelling.” —Bruce Joel Rubin, Screenwriter Ghost, Jacob’s Ladder ‘This book should come with a warning: You’re going to learn about more han just writing movies-you’re going to learn about life! The Writer’s Journey is :he perfect manual for developing, pitching and writing stories with universal luman themes that will forever captivate a global audience. It’s the secret veapon I hope every writer finds out about.” —Jeff Arch, Screenwriter Sleepless in Seattle ‘Vogler was the genius behind The Writer’s Journey, which should be on the shelf )f every screenwriter. Studies classical mythology and its use in moviemaking or stories.” —Fade In Magazine 1996 (From Article “The Top 100 People in Hollywood You Need to Know”) The Katzenberg memo has joined the show-biz vernacular. But there’s mother, lesser-known Disney memo whose influence arguably exceeded Catzenberg’s. This seven-page memo distills myth-master Joseph Campbell’s torytelling theories into an algorithm for screenplays.” —Los Angeles Times Magazine, 1994 :The current industry bible ... —Spy Magazine, Holiday Issue, 1997 A. seven-page memo by Christopher Vogler is now the stuff of Hollywood egend.... The idea of a “mythic structure” has been quickly accepted by iollywood, and Vogler’s book now graces the bookshelves of many studio leads.” —The London Times, 1994 THE WRITER’S JOURNEY Mythic Structure for Writers \J 2nd Edition by Christopher Vogler Published by Michael Wiese Productions, 11288 Ventura Blvd., Suite 821, Studio City, CA 91604, (818) 379-8799 Fax (818) 986-3408. E-mail: [email protected] http://www.mwp.com Cover design, photograph and illustrations by The Art Hotel Interior design and layout by Gina Mansfield Index by Bruce Tracy, Ph.D. Gopyedited by Virginia lorio Printed and Manufactured in the United States of America Copyright 1998 by Christopher Vogler First Printing October 1998 \11 rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any neans without permission in writing from the author, except for the inclusion of Drief quotations in a review. flie publisher plants two trees for every tree used in the manufacturing of this Dook. Printed on recycled stock. :SBN 0-941188-70-1 ^ibrary of Congress Cataloging - in - Publication Data /ogler, Christopher, 1949- The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers / Christopher Vogler. --2nded. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-941188-70-1 1. Motion picture authorship. 2. Narration (rhetoric) 3. Myth in literature. 4. Creative writing I. Title. PN1996.V641998 98-28591 808.2’3-DC21 CIP For Mom and Dad TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ix INTRODUCTION: Preparing for the Journey 1 BOOK ONE: Mapping the Journey A Practical Guide 9 The Archetypes 29 Hero 35 Mentor 47 Threshold Guardian 57 Herald 61 Shapeshifter fi5 Shadow 71 Trirkster 77 BOOK TWO: Stages of the Journey Ordinary World 81 Gall to Adventure 99 Refusal of the Gall 107 Meeting with the Ment<~>r 117 Grossing the First Threshold 127 Tests, Allies, F.nemies 135 Approach to the Inmost Gave 145 Ordeal 159 Reward (Seizing the Sword) 181 The Road Rack 193 Resurrection 203 Return with the F.lixir 221 EPILOGUE: Looking Back on the Journey 237 APPENDICES FILMOGRAPHY 301 BIBLIOGRAPHY 302 HERO’S JOURNEY WORKSHEET 303 INDEX 304 vu PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION OF THE WRITER’SJOURNEY “I’m not trying to copy Nature. I’m trying to find the principles she’s using” —R. Buckminster Fuller A book goes out like a wave rolling over the surface of the sea. Ideas radiate from the author’s mind and collide with other minds, triggering new waves that return to the author. These generate further thoughts and emanations, and so it goes. The concepts described in The Writer’s Journey have radiated and are now echoing back interesting challenges and criticisms as well as sympathetic vibrations. This is my report on the waves that have washed back over me from publication of the book, and on the new waves I send back in response. In this book I described the set of concepts known as “The Hero’s Journey,” drawn from the depth psychology of Carl G.Jung and the mythic studies of Joseph Campbell. I tried to relate those ideas to contemporary storytelling, hoping to create a writer’s guide to these valuable gifts from our innermost selves and our most distant past. I came looking for the design principles of storytelling, but on the road I found something more; a set of principles for living. I came to believe that the Hero’s Journey is nothing less than a handbook for life, a complete instruction manual in the art of being human. The Hero’s Journey is not an invention, but an observation. It is a recognition of a beautiful design, a set of principles that govern the conduct of life and the world of storytelling the way physics and chemistry govern the physical world. It’s difficult to avoid the sensation that the Hero’s Journey exists somewhere, somehow, as an eternal reality, a Platonic ideal form, a divine model. From this model, infinite and highly varied copies can be produced, each resonating with the essential spirit of the form. IX THE WRITER’S JOURNEY/Vogler The Hero’s Journey is a pattern that seems to extend in many dimensions, describing more than one reality. It accurately describes, among other things, the process of making a journey, the necessary working parts of a story, the joys and despairs of being a writer, and the passage of a soul through life. A book that explores such a pattern naturally partakes of this multi-dimensional quality. The Writer’s Journey was intended as a practical guidebook for writers, but can also be read as a guide to the life lessons that have been carefully built into the stories of all times. Some people have even used it as a kind of travel guide, predicting the inevitable ups and downs of making a physical journey. A certain number of people say the book has affected them on a level that may have nothing to do with the business of telling a story or writing a script. In the description of the Hero’s Journey they might have picked up some insight about their own lives, some useful metaphor or way of looking at things, some language or principle that defines their problem and suggests a way out of it. They recognize their own problems in the ordeals of the mythic and literary heroes, and are reassured by the stories that give them abundant, time-tested strategies for survival, success, and happiness. Other people find validation of their own observations in the book. From time to time I meet people who know the Hero’s Journey well although they may never have heard it called by that name. When they read about it or hear it described, they experience the pleasurable shock of recognition as the patterns resonate with what they’ve seen in stories and in their own lives. I had the same reaction when I first encountered these concepts in Campbell’s book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, and heard him speak about them with passion. Campbell himself felt it when he first heard his mentor, Heinrich Zimmer, speak about mythology.