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Interaction of Maize Root Associated Fungi and the Western Corn Rootworm

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Interaction of Maize Root Associated Fungi and the Western Corn Rootworm Interaction of maize root associated fungi and the western corn rootworm Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Benedikt Kurtz geboren in Frankfurt am Main Göttingen, im Mai 2010 D 7 1. Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Vidal.............................................. 2. Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Petr Karlovsky...................................... Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.07. 2010 Table of contents 3 Table of contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 6 General Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Effects of soil type and maize cultivar on the development of western corn rootworm larvae.............................................................................................................................. 16 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 17 Material and Methods................................................................................................................... 18 Soil and plants ......................................................................................................................... 18 Handling of western corn rootworm......................................................................................... 19 Experimental setup .................................................................................................................. 19 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................... 20 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 21 Discussion.................................................................................................................................... 24 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... 25 References................................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 2: Interaction between western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae and root infecting Fusarium verticillioides .................................................................................. 29 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 30 Material and Methods................................................................................................................... 32 Cultivation of Fusarium verticillioides and handling of western corn rootworm....................... 32 Experimental setup .................................................................................................................. 33 DNA extraction and real-time PCR.......................................................................................... 33 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................... 34 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 35 Fusarium verticillioides root infection....................................................................................... 35 Larval development ................................................................................................................. 37 Discussion.................................................................................................................................... 38 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... 41 References................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 3: Belowground feeding of western corn rootworm increases aboveground Fusarium verticillioides colonization in maize............................................................................ 45 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 46 Material and Methods................................................................................................................... 48 Plants, cultivation of Fusarium verticillioides and handling of western corn rootworm ........... 48 Experimental setup .................................................................................................................. 49 Table of contents 4 DNA extraction and real-time PCR.......................................................................................... 49 Analysis of beetle development............................................................................................... 50 Data Analysis........................................................................................................................... 50 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 52 Root colonization ..................................................................................................................... 52 Aboveground colonization ....................................................................................................... 52 Beetle development ................................................................................................................. 54 Discussion.................................................................................................................................... 54 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ 57 References................................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 4: Can western corn rootworm larvae orientate towards, transport and transmit root infecting Fusarium verticillioides? ............................................................................................... 62 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 63 Material and Methods................................................................................................................... 65 Choice test............................................................................................................................... 65 Transmission experiment......................................................................................................... 67 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Choice test............................................................................................................................... 71 Transmission experiment......................................................................................................... 72 Discussion.................................................................................................................................... 74 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... 75 References................................................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 5: Interaction between western corn rootworm (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) and the mycorrhiza Glomus intraradices .................................................................................................. 81 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 82 Material and Methods................................................................................................................... 83 Soil and plants ......................................................................................................................... 83 Experimental setup .................................................................................................................. 85 Microscopical analysis of mycorrhizal colonization ................................................................. 86 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................... 86 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 87 Maize dry weight...................................................................................................................... 87 Western corn rootworm development.....................................................................................
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