Decimal File Filing Manual: 1960-January 1963
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Abbreviations
ABBREVIATIONS ACP African Caribbean Pacific K kindergarten Adm. Admiral kg kilogramme(s) Adv. Advocate kl kilolitre(s) a.i. ad interim km kilometre(s) kW kilowatt b. born kWh kilowatt hours bbls. barrels bd board lat. latitude bn. billion (one thousand million) lb pound(s) (weight) Brig. Brigadier Lieut. Lieutenant bu. bushel long. longitude Cdr Commander m. million CFA Communauté Financière Africaine Maj. Major CFP Comptoirs Français du Pacifique MW megawatt CGT compensated gross tonnes MWh megawatt hours c.i.f. cost, insurance, freight C.-in-C. Commander-in-Chief NA not available CIS Commonwealth of Independent States n.e.c. not elsewhere classified cm centimetre(s) NRT net registered tonnes Col. Colonel NTSC National Television System Committee cu. cubic (525 lines 60 fields) CUP Cambridge University Press cwt hundredweight OUP Oxford University Press oz ounce(s) D. Democratic Party DWT dead weight tonnes PAL Phased Alternate Line (625 lines 50 fields 4·43 MHz sub-carrier) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States PAL M Phased Alternate Line (525 lines 60 PAL EEA European Economic Area 3·58 MHz sub-carrier) EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone PAL N Phased Alternate Line (625 lines 50 PAL EMS European Monetary System 3·58 MHz sub-carrier) EMU European Monetary Union PAYE Pay-As-You-Earn ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism PPP Purchasing Power Parity est. estimate f.o.b. free on board R. Republican Party FDI foreign direct investment retd retired ft foot/feet Rt Hon. Right Honourable FTE full-time equivalent SADC Southern African Development Community G8 Group Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, SDR Special Drawing Rights USA, Russia SECAM H Sequential Couleur avec Mémoire (625 lines GDP gross domestic product 50 fieldsHorizontal) Gen. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Introduction Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed and Hassan A. Abdel Ati Human Adaptation in East African Drylands:The Dilemma of Concepts and Approaches Leif Manger From Adaptation to Marginalization:The Political Ecology of Subsistence Crisis Among the Hadendawa Pastoralists of Eastern Sudan Omer Abdalla Egeimi External Pressures on Indigenous Resource Management Systems: A Case from the Red Sea Area, Eastern Sudan Hassan A. Abdel Ati Agriculture and Pastoralism in Karamoja: Competing or Complementary Forms of Resource Use? Frank Emmanuel Muhereza Management of Aridity:Water Conservation and Procurement in Dar Hamar, Western Sudan Mustafa Babiker Subsistence Economy, Environmental Awareness and Resource Management in Um Kaddada Province, Northern Darfur State Munzoul Abdalla Munzoul Economic Strategies of Diversification Among the Sedentary 'afar of Wahdes, North Eastern Ethiopia Assefa Tewodros Management of Scarce Resources: Dryland Pastoralism Among the Zaghawa of Chad and the Crisis of the Eighties Sharif Harir Resource Management in the Eritrean Drylands: Case Studies From the Central Highlands and the Eastern Lowlands Mohamed Kheir, Adugna Haile and Wolde-Amlak Araia Survival Strategies in the Ethiopian Drylands: The Case of the Afar Pastoralists of the Awash Valley Ali Said Yesuf State Policy and Pastoral Production Systems: The Integrated Land Use Plan of Rawashda Forest, Eastern Sudan Salah El Shazali Ibrahim The Importance of Forest Resource Management in Eastern Sudan: The Case of El Rawashda and Wad Kabo Forest Reserves -
OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on The
OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box -
Understanding French Foreign and Security Policy Towards Africa: Pragmatism Or Altruism Abdurrahim Sıradağ1
Afro Eurasian Studies Journal Vol 3. Issue 1, Spring 2014 Understanding French Foreign and Security Policy towards Africa: Pragmatism or Altruism Abdurrahim Sıradağ1 Abstract France has deep economic, political and historical relations with Africa, dating back to the 17th century. Since the independence of the former colonial countries in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s, France has continued to maintain its economic and political relations with its former colonies. Importantly, France has a special strategic security partnership with the African countries. It has intervened militarily in Africa more than 50 times since 1960. France has especially continued to use its military power to strengthen its economic, political and strategic relations with Africa. For instance, it deployed its military troops in Mali in January 2013 and in the Central African Republic in December 2013. Why does France actively get involved in Africa militarily? This research will particularly uncover the main motivations behind the French foreign and security policy in Africa. Key words: Francophone Africa, France, Foreign Policy, Africa, economic interests. The Role of France in World Politics France’s international power and position has shaped its foreign and security policy towards Africa. France has been an important actor with its political and economic power in Europe and in the world. It was one of the six important founding members of the European Community after 1 International University of Sarajevo, Department of International Relations, Ilidža, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Email: [email protected] 100 the Second World War and plays a leading role in European integration. France plays a significant role in world politics through international or- ganizations. -
Mali Overview Print Page Close Window
World Directory of Minorities Africa MRG Directory –> Mali –> Mali Overview Print Page Close Window Mali Overview Environment Peoples History Governance Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples Environment The Republic of Mali is a landlocked state in West Africa that extends into the Sahara Desert in the north, where its north-eastern border with Algeria begins. A long border with Mauritania extends from the north, then juts west to Senegal. In the west, Mali borders Senegal and Guinea; to the south, Côte d'Ivoire; to the south-east Burkina Faso, and in the east, Niger. The country straddles the Sahara and Sahel, home primarily to nomadic herders, and the less-arid south, predominately populated by farming peoples. The Niger River arches through southern and central Mali, where it feeds sizeable lakes. The Senegal river is an important resource in the west. Mali has mineral resources, notably gold and phosphorous. Peoples Main languages: French (official), Bambara, Fulfulde (Peulh), Songhai, Tamasheq. Main religions: Islam (90%), traditional religions (6%), Christian (4%). Main minority groups: Peulh (also called Fula or Fulani) 1.4 million (11%), Senoufo and Minianka 1.2 million (9.6%), Soninké (Saracolé) 875,000 (7%), Songhai 875,000 (7%), Tuareg and Maure 625,000 (5%), Dogon 550,000 (4.4%) Bozo 350,000 (2.8%), Diawara 125,000 (1%), Xaasongaxango (Khassonke) 120,000 (1%). [Note: The percentages for Peulh, Soninke, Manding (mentioned below), Songhai, and Tuareg and Maure, as well as those for religion in Mali, come from the U.S. State Department background note on Mali, 2007; Data for Senoufo and Minianka groups comes from Ethnologue - some from 2000 and some from 1991; for Dogon from Ethnologue, 1998; for Diawara and Xaasonggaxango from Ethnologue 1991; Percentages are converted to numbers and vice-versa using the State Department's 2007 estimated total population of 12.5 million.] Around half of Mali's population consists of Manding (or Mandé) peoples, including the Bambara (Bamana) and the Malinké. -
Prosecuting Hissene Habre: Establishing a Factual Background of the Rise, Rule and Fall of Hissene Habre
PROSECUTING HISSENE HABRE: ESTABLISHING A FACTUAL BACKGROUND OF THE RISE, RULE AND FALL OF HISSENE HABRE Bridget Rhinehart* Nearly 25 years after the fall of Hissène Habré and his regime, the fear, oppression and widespread violations of human rights endured by Chadians from 1982 to 1990 may now come to light. This paper contextualizes the judicial proceedings against Hissène Habré through the pre- and post-colonial landscape that shaped to Habré’s rise to power and by establishing a relevant factual background of the events that took place and alleged crimes committed from 1982 to 1990 under the Hissène Habré regime. 1. Chad – a Country Overview Chad is a landlocked central African nation home to just over 11 million people.1 The capital of Chad, N’Djamena, is located in Central to Southwest Chad and is home to more than one million people, leaving the remainder of Chad largely rural.2 The official * Program Manager in humanitarian response at Save the Children USA, Washington, D.C. (U.S.A.). This paper was written during a research assistantship at the Arcadia Center for East African Studies in Arusha (United Republic of Tanzania) in 2011 and recently updated for the purpose of this publication. 1 United Nations, “World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision,” Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm). 2 United Nations, “Chad,” United Nations Statistics Division Country Profiles (http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=CHAD). A.A. YUSUF (ed.), African Yearbook of International Law, 343-374. -