PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF CHEROKEE MARSH THE FOLLOWING ANIMALS AND PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH ARE LISTED AS ENDANGERED SPECIES IN WISCONSIN IN 1973 BY DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
ANIMALS: 1. Butler'8 Garter Snake Thamnophis butleri River Board Walk
PLANTS: Berula pusilla 1. Water Parsnip DNR - Area Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum 2. Small Yellow Lady Slipper Shrub Carr Cypripedium candidum 3. White Lady Slipper Fen Gentiana procera 4. Lesser Fringed Gentian River Sedge Meadow, Fen Mimulu8 glabratus 5. Yellow Monkey Flower DNR - Area Napaea dioica 6. Glade Mallow River Board Walk Panax quinquefolius 7. Ginseng Sand Hill Woods Triadenum virginlcum [poTE-NltLLA 8. Marsh St. John's Wort Sedge Meadow PART II
VASCULAR PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH
PAGE Ferns 2 Trees 2-3 Shrubs and Vines 3-4 Herbaceous Plants 5-15 Management Problems 16 Index to Scientific Names 17-29 Appendix: Fen Plants Observations on a Wet Prairie Htsic o*k V69DS The area of the plant survey covered in this study extends from the north side of county highway CV between the railroad on the east and the Yahara River on the west, northward to include the Department of Natural Resources land. 2 mm Page 1
PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Dane County, Wisconsin Check List by iSaarit H. Threlfall, Assisted by La Severson and Don Samuelsen. Hames Follow Gray's Manual, 3th Edition. . 1981 RR - Railroad on East edge Pl» P2J P3 " Pond S - Sedge Meadow R - Prairie (7.'et) F - Fen C - Shrub Carr 0 - Oak Hoods 00 - Oak Opening (SVT of Cherokee Lake) CIIR - Black Cherry "Island" TAM - Tamarack "Island" North in DNR - land (Department of Natural Resources) A - Abandoned Field D - Disturbed (Parking Areas, Trails, Roadsides, Old Farm Sites, Etc.) X - Introduced, Mainly froa Eurasia (Not Native to Wisconsin) Blooming Time Frequency T/ithin a Community 1 - Blooms in Spring (April - l!ay) (1) - Very Few Plants 2 - Blooms in Early Simmer (June - Early July) (2) - Scattered 3 - Blooas in late Sumer (Late July — August) (3) - Common Ij - Blooas in Fall (September - October) (U) - Very Common, Conspicuous (5») - Solid Coverage (over 90?) Flower Color Y - Yellow B -Blue P - Purple G -Greenish W - White
Pond is a body of open water so shallow that rooted plants, the emergent aquatics, can grew completely across it. Also called a wet marsh. Sedge Meadow .is an open (essentially treeless) Community with more than half of plant cover made of sedges (Family Cyporaceae). 7/ater Table i3 just below soil surface most of the growing season. Also called a dry marsh. Prairie is an open community with native grasses forming the dominant vegetation. Fen is a wet grassland with lime rich spring seepage and characteristic plants. It is a rare plant community with many rare plants. Shrub Carr is a community of tall shrubs (5 to 10 feet) as dominant vegetation. Page 2
VASCUIAR PLANTS OF CHEROKEE WRSH
Conmunity Name Blooning Tine Scientific Name Family and Frequency FERNS Fern 0 Bracken Pteridiura aquilinum (Fern) (3) 0 Florist Dryopteris spinulosa (Fern) (2) 0 Lady Athyriun angusturn (Filix-feoina) (Fern) (2) 0 llaidenhair Adiantun pedatum (Fern) (2) 0 Ostrich Pfceretis pensvlvanica (Fern) (1) 0 Grape Botrychim: virginianun (Adder's Tongue) (2) TAM Cinnanon Osnwnda cinnanoaea (Flowering Fern) (2) TAM Interrupted Osraonda claytoniana (2) TAM Crested Dryopteris cristata (Fern) (2) C,S Harsh Dryopteris thelvptcris (Fern) (3) C,S Sensitive Onoclea sensibilio (Fern) (3) RR Royal Osmunda regalis (1) P1,S Horsetail Equisetum fluviatile (Horsetail) (3) D Horsetail Equisetum arvensa (3)
CONIFERS TAM Tamarack Larix laricina (Pine) Originally the only conifer in Cherokee (3) A Red Cedar Juniperu3 virginiana (Pine) Seeds pro- (2) bably brgt by birds from nearby yards. Spruce X Planted White Picea glauca (Pine) Planted Norway Picea abies (Pine) Pine Planted White and Red Pinus strobus and resinosa (Pine)
DECIDUOUS TREES X Planted Pear Pyrus cumnunis (Rose) Apple X Planted Cultivated Pryus malus (Rose) 0 Edge Wild Crab- Pyrus ioensis (Rose) Ash (3) CHR,TAM Green Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Olive) TAM Black Fraxinus nigra (Olive) (3) Aspen (3) 0,Bdge Big Tooth Populus grandidentata (Willow) CHR,0 Quaking Populus trenuloides (Willow) (34,) 0 Bassvrood Tilia americana (Basswood) 0,A Black Cherry Prunus serotina (Rose) Si X Planted Black Locust -2 Robinia pseudoacacia (Legume) D,0,A Boxelder Acer negundo (Maple) (2-5) D,Banks Cottonwood Populus deltoide3 (Willow) (3) Page 3
TREES: (cont.) Comaunity Name Blooming Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency
0 Red Ulmus rubra (Elm) (1) 0,Banks American Dlrnxs americana (Elm) (3) 0 Hackberry Celtis occirientalis (Elm) (3) 0 Hickory Carya ovata (Walnut) (3) 0 Ironwood Ostrya virriniana (Birch) Ilaple Black Acer nigrum {Reported by C. Nelson) (1) 0 Red Acer rubra,- (Ilaple) (1) Planted Silver Acer saccharinua 0,D Mulberry Uorus alba var. tatatica (Wulb.) (3) Oak 0 Black Quercus velutina (3eech) (3) R,0 Burr Quercus nacrocarpa (3) 00 Hill's Quercus ellipsoidalis (1) 0 Red Quercus rubra (3) 0 White Quercus alba (3) Willcw River Black Salix nifjra (V.'illorr) (3) Planted keeping Salix pendulina (S, Babylonica) R,S,F Bebb's t Salix Bebuiana F Hoary Salix Candida (2) C,S Pussy Salix discolor (3) F,C Slender Salix gracilis (~ Petiolaris) (3) RR Prairie -SHRUBBY Salix hurailis (1) Ditches Sandbar ; Salix interior (3) F Bog Salix pedicellaris (1) F Autumn -2 Salix serissrna (2) D(recent Russian Olive Elaeagnus Angustifolia (1) introd. ) SHRUBS C,TAK Alder 1 Alnus rugosa (Birch) (3) CHR Barberry, Japanese 1 Berberis thunbergi (Barberry) (1) F,C Birch, Dwarf 1 Be tula sandbergi (Birch) (2-ii) C,0 Black Currant 1 Ribes americanum (Rose) (3) Brambles 0,CHR Blackberry 2 Rubus sp. (3) 0,CHR Black Raspberry 1-2 Rubus occidentalis (3) CHR Dwarf Raspberry 1-2 Rubus pubescens (1) 0,CHR Red Raspberry 1-2 Rubus idaeus (3) Buckthorne C,P Alder 1-2 Rhannus alnifolia (Buckthorne) Decreasing (2) X S,D,0 Common 2 Rhannus cathartica Increasing (3) X 0 Burning Bush 1 Euonymus alatus (Staff-tree) one bush (1) Cherry OEO^t Choke 1 Prunus virginiana (Rose) (3) 0 Pin 1 Prunus pennsylvanica (3) Page U
SJIRU3S: (cont.)
Community Name Blooming Time Scientific Kame Family and Frequency
0,C,R Gray 2 Cornus racer»sa (Dogwood) (3) R,C,0 Redosier 1 Corniis stolonifera (Dogwood) GO 0 Alternate-leaved 1-2 Cornus altemifolia (Dogwood) 0 Round-leaved 2 Cornus rugosa (Dogwood) (2(3) X Hill Silky 2 Cornus amomum (Dogwood) garden escape C,0 Elderberry- 2 Sanbucus canadensis (Honeysuckle) 81 0 Gooseberry 1 Ribes nissouriensi3 (Saxifrage) (3) 0,Edge Hawthorne 1 Crataegus sp. (Rose) (2) C,0 Hazelnut 1 Corylus anerieana (Birch) (3) 0 Holly, American 2 Hex verticiHata (Holly) (1) X 0,D,CHR Honeysuckle 1 Lonicera tatarica & hybrids 0 Juneberry 1 Anelanchier spicata (Ian.) X. Koch (1) 00 Lead Plant 2-3 Anorpha canescens (Legune) X Planted Lilac 1 Syringa vulgaris (Olive) (1) 00 Hew Jersey Tea 3 Ceanothus americanus (Buckthorne) (1) 0,Edge Ninebark 2 Physocarpus opulifolius (3) D,CHR Poison Ivy 2 Rhus radicans (Cashew) & 0 Prickly Ash 1 Xanthoxylum anericanum (Rue) Rose X A Multiflora 1 Rosa multiflora (Rose) orig. one plant (3) A Wild 1-2 Rosa sp. (3) Spiraea S,R Meadowsweet 2 Spiraea alba (Rose) (3) RR Steeplebush 2 Spiraea tomentosa (1) Sumac A Smooth 2-3 Rhus glabra (Cashew) (3) A Staghorn 2-3 Rhux typhina Poison Rhus vernix -found by R. Fleming (3) Viburnum (1) 0 Arrcw-wood 2 Viburnum rafLnesquianun (1) 0 Edge Am. Cranberry bush 2 Viburnum trilobum (Honeysuckle) (3) 0,C Nannyberry 2 Viburnum lentago (3) 0 Edge Wild Plum 1 Prunus americana (Rose) (2) WOODY VINES 0 Bittersweet 2 Celastrus scandens (Staff Tree) (2) TAM Clematis 3 Clematis virginiana (3uttercup) (1) 0 Climbing Honeysuckle 2 Lonicera prolifera (Honeysuckle) (2) TAM Moonseed 2 Menispermum canadense (Moonseed) (2) 0 Woodbine 2 Parthenocissus inserta (Vine) (3) 0 Wild Grape 2 Vitis riparia (Vine) (3) 0 Greenbriar 2 Smilax tazsnoides (Lily) (2) Page 5
HERBACEOUS PLANTS Comnunity Name Blooming Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency 0 Agrimony 3 Agrimonia gryposepala (Rose) (3) 0 Agrimony 3 Agrimonia pubescens (Rose) (3) X A Alfalfa 2-3 k'edicago sativa (Legume) (3) R Alumroot 1-2 Heuchera richardsonii (Saxifrage) (3) Amaranth D Pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus (Anaranth) (2) RR TTaterhemp 3 Amaranthus tuberculatus (yog.)Sauer. (2) Anemone R,C Canada 2 Anemone canadensis (Buttercup) (3) 00 Thimbleneed 2 Anemone cylindrica Stvirginiana (2) 0 Wood's 1 Anemone quinquefolia (3) S,Ditch Angelica 2 Angelica atropurpurea (Parsley) (3) Aralia 0 Wild Sarsaparilla 1 Aralia nudicaulis (Ginseng) (3) 0 Spikenard 3 Aralia race^osa (Ginseng) (1) F Arrowgrass 1 Triglochin maritima (Arrcwgrass) (1) S,P Arrowhead 2-li (3) Artenisia D,Road Artemisia 3 Artemisia biennis (Conposite) (2) C,River Silverleaf 3 Artemisia serrata (2) X D Asparagus 1 Asparagus officinalis (Lily) (1) Aster 0 Arrow-leaved -JI Aster sagittifolius (Composite) (3) 0 Calico -h Aster lateriflorus (2) S,F Early L!arsh 3 Aster junciforais (3-U) C,F Flattop L'arsh 3 Aster umbellatus (2) A Frost -U Aster pilosus (3) C,S Lavender ilarsh -U Aster puniceus var. lucidulus «0 C,S,R Hew England -k Aster novae-angliae (3) C Red-Stem Aster puniceua (2) Ditch White liarsh -h Aster simplex (3) Avens 0 White 2 Geum canadense (Rose) (3) C Yellow 2 Geum aleppicum (2) 0 Baneberry, Red & White 1 Actaea rubra & pachypoda (Buttercup)(2v(l) R Bastard Toadflax 1-2 Caaandra richardsiana (Sandalwood) (3) F Beak Rush 1-2 Rhynooapora alba fecapillacea (Sedge) Bedstraw C Bedstraw 2 Galium asprellum (Bedstraw) (2) P Bedstranr 2-3 Galium labradoricum (2) 5 Bedstraw 3 Galium trifidum (3) F Bedstraw 3 Galium obtusum (2) 0 Cleavers 2-3 Galium aparine (3) 0 Elegant 2 Galium concinnua (3) R Northern 2 Galium boreale (3) 0 Sweet-Scented 2 Galium triflorum (3) 0 Wild Licorice Galium circaezans (1) C,S Bellflower, Marsh 3 Campanula aparinodes (Bellflower) (3) 0 Bellwort 1 Uvular ia grand if low (Lily) (3) X D,P Bitter Nightshade 2-3 Solanum dulcaaara (Nightshade) (3) X D,A Black L'edick 2 Uedicago lupulina (Legume) (2) Page 11
HERBS: (cont.) Canm unity Name Blooming Tine Scientific Name Family and Frequency Black snakeroot 0 Black snakeroot -2 Sanicula gregaria (Parsley) (3) 0 Black snakeroot -2 Sanicula raarilandica (3) F, B Bladderwort Utricularia intermedia minor (l£l) 0 Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis (Poppy) (3) 0 Blue Cohosh Caulop'nyllum thalictroidos (Barberry) (3) R Blue-Eyed Grass Sisyrinchium sp. (Iris) (3) S,F Blue Flag 2 Iris virginica (Iris) (3) S Boneset 3 Eupatoriuo perfoliatua (3) F Buckbean 2 Menyanthes trifoliata (Gentian) (2) Bulrush S>P Roundstea Scirpus validus (Sedge) (3) River River- 2 Scirpus fluviatilis (3) P,Ditch Bulrush 2 Scirpus cyperinus (3) F Arctic Scirpus cespitosus (2) Ditch Bulrush 2 Scirpus atrovirens (3) D Burdock 3 Arctium minus (Composite) (3-b) Bunaarigold D Bunnarigold -b Bidens sp. (frondosa or vulgata) (3) S,F Burmarigold 3-U Bidens coronata (Composite) (3) S,Ditch Bunaarigold -ix Bidens cernua (3) River,P, Bur-reed 2 Sparganium eurycarpum (2-li) 00,CHR rfushclover 3 Laspedeza capitata (Legume) (2) Buttercup s Bristly 2-3 Ranunculus pensylvanicus (3utterc.) (2) OjEdge Hooked Ranunculus recurvatus (2) p Cursed Ranunculus scjLeratus (1) 03 Northern Ranunuculus septentrionalis (2) 1 Yellow Water -2 Ranunculus flabellaris (1) I Tall -2 Ranunculus acris (1) 0 Snail Flowered Ranunculus abortivus (3) X 0 Bouncing Bet 2 Saponaria officinalis (Chickweed) (1) X 0,A Caspian, White 2 Lychnis alba (Chickweed) (3) 0 Canada Layflower 2 Uaianthenrum canadense (Lily) (2) z D Caraway 2 Carum carri (Parsley) (1) X D Carpetweed 3 Mollugo verticillata (Carpetweed) (2) Carrion Flower 0 Upright 2 Smilax ecirrhata (Lily) (2) 0 Carrion Flower 2 Smilax lasioneura (2) D,A Catnip 2-3 Hepeta cataria (Hint) Cattail (3) S,P Cattail 2 Typha latifolia (Cattail) (3-5) S Harrow-leaved 2 Typha angustifolia (2) X D Cheeses 2-U Malva neglecta (Hallow) (2) Chickweed S Chickweed 2 Stellaria lemgifolia (Chickweed) (2) X D Chickweed 1 Stellarla media (2) Cinquefoil [f/K f*t>6M0M) s Marsh {jlmt of- SDPRO^U) 2 Potentilla palustris (Rose) (2) X D Cinquefoil 2 Potentilla norvegica (2) X D Chicory (introd. 2 Cichorium intybus (Comp,) in - 70's) (1) Page 11
HERBS: (cont.) Community Name Blooming Tine Scientific Name Family and Frequency Cinquefoil (cont.) R Prairie 2 Potentilla siraplex (Rose) (3) X D Silvery 2 Potentilla argentea (2) RR Tall 3 Potentilla arguta (1) X A Upright 3 Potentilla recta (2) C Clear Feed 3 Pilea punila (Nettle) (2) Clover X A Alsike 2 Trifolium hybridum (Legume) (3) X A Red 2-3 Trifolium pratense (3) D Cocklebur 3 Xanthium sp. (Composite) (2) (ty-. (jfcT Caluntoine 1-2 Aqullegia canadensis (Buttercup) (2) X R Coapass Plant 3 Silphiun terebinthinaceum (Coup.) (3) R Coneflower, Yellcw 3 Ratibida pinnata (Composite) - (3) River Coontail Ceratophyllua demersum (Eornwort) (2-3) F Cotton sedge 2 Eriophoruo angustifolium (Sedge) (2) R,S Cotrbane 3 Qxypolis rigidior (Parsley) (3) 0 Cow-Parsnip 2 Heracleum maximum (Parsley) (2) X D Creeping Charlie 1 Glechona hederacea (Hint) (2) 00 Cudweed 3 Gnaphalium obtusifoliua (Cos?>osite)(2) R,0 Culver's Root 2-3 Veronicastrum virginicura (Figwort) (3) C Cup Plant 3 Silphium perfoliatua (Composite) (2) X A Dandelion 1 • Taraxacum officinale (Coaposite) (3) X D Dayliliy 2-3 Heraerocallis fulva (Lily) (1) Ditch-Stonecrop 3 Penthorura sedoides (Saxifrage) (2) h Dock RR Dock Rumex mexicana (Buckwheat) (1) X A Curley 2 Rumex crispus (2) S Karsh 3 Rumex orbiculatus (3) C Dodder 3 Cuscuta sp. (Morning glory) (2) Dogbane A Indian Hemp Apocynum cannabinirn (Dogbane) (2) A Dogbane 2-3 Apocynum androsaemifolium P; Duckweed . Big Spirodela polyrhiza (1981) I?? Pi Ivy lemna trisulca (Duckweed) (3) P Lesser Lemna minor (3-h) S,C Early-Sunflower 2-3 Heliopsis hellanthoides (Ccmp.) (3) 0 Enchanter's nightshade 2 Circaea quadrisulcata (Even.Prim.) (3) A,D Evening Primrose 3 Oenothera biennis (Even. Prim.) (2) False Solomon's Seal C Starry 1 Stailacina stellata (lily) 0 False Solomon'8 Seal 1-2 Smilacina racemosa Figwort Goldenrod (2) AyC Couiuon 3-U Solidago gigantea (Composite) (U) 0 Elm-leaved 3 Solidago u"l mi folia (2) F Marsh 34» Solidago uliginosa (3) F Ridell's 3-h Solidago ridellii (3) CHR,00 Showy U Solidago speciosa (2) A Tall 3 Solidago altissima (U) 0 Zigzag 3 Solidago flexicaulis (1) TAM Goldenrod 3 Solidago patula Qoosefoot (2) Goosefoot 3 Chenopodiun hybridum (Goosefoot) (3) D Lamb's Quarters 3 Chenopodium album (3) D,DNR Strawberry Blight 2 Chenopodium capitatum (found once) Grass (1) F Sweet 1 Hierochloe odorata (2) F Huhly 3 Uuhlenbergia glomerata (3) F,RR,D Huhly 3 Uuhlenbergia mexicana (2) F,C Manna 1-2 Glyceria striata (3) F,C Fringed brccne - 2 Bromus c Hiatus F Delicate panic - 3 -k Panicum flexile (2) S,F Giant reed 3 Phragmites communis (3) S,C,F Rice cut-grass 3 Lecrsia orysoides (3) S American mannagrass 2 Glyceria grandis (1) S,R,F Bluejoint 2 Calaraagrostis canadensis (3) R,F Big bluestem 3-II Andropogon gerardi (3) R Tickle 3 Agrostis scabra (1) R Slender wheatgrass 3 Agropyron trachycaulum (2) R,F Wedge 2 Sphenopholis intermedia (1) R Panic - 2 Panicum . implicatum (2) R,Ditch Cordgrass 3 Spartina pectinata (3) 00 Needlegrass 1-2 Stipa spartea (1) 0 Coanctnroodland 3 Brachyelytrum erectum (3) 0 Woodland brome 2 Bromus purgans (2) 0 Woodland brome 3 Bromus latiglumis (1) 0 Stout woodreed U Cinna arundinacea (1) 0 Nodding fescue 2 Festuca obtusa (2) Page 11
HERBS: (cont.) Community Name Blooming Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency Grass (cont.) 0 Bottlebrush 2 Hystrix patula (3) 0 Wide-leaved panic - 2 Panicum latifolium (1) 0,C Virginia wild rye 3 Elyous virginicus (2) c Marsh bluegrass 2 Poa palustris (2) Pn Northern manna - 1-2 Qlyceria borealis (2) Ditch Manna - 3 Glyceria septentrionalis (1) Mud Moss lovegrass 3-a Eragrostis hypnoides (2) Mud Orange - 1-2 Alopecurus aequalis (1) Mud 3 Echinochloa pungens (3) HR Canada wild rye 3 Elymus canadensis KR Scribner's panicgrass 2 Panicum oligosanthes (1) RR Indian grass 3-h Sorghastrun nutans (1) RR Tall dropseed U Sporobolu3 asper (1) RR Little bluestem 3 Andropogon scoparius RR Triple-awn 3 Aristida basirarea (1) S,F Northern reedgrass 2 Calamagrostis inexpansa (Ident. by (3) J.K*Ziznerman) X A,(R) Timothy 2 Phleum pratense (3) X A Orchard grass 1-2 Dactylis glonerata (2) X A Smooth brone 2 Brotaua inernis (3) X A Quack grass 2 Agropyrcn repens (3-U) X A,(R) Redtop 2 Agrostis gigantea (3) X A,D Reed canary grass 2 Phalaris arundinacea (U-5) X A Canada bluegrass 2 Poa coinpressa (3) X A,(R) Kentucky bluegrass 1-2 Poa pratensis (U) X A Meadcar fescue 2 Festuca elatior (2) X D(Shdy) fNiiablerrill 3 Muhlenbergia schreberl (3) X laim -j Red fescue 2 Festuca rubra (stolons) (2) X D ^Annual bluegrass (?) 1- h Poa annua (?) X D Crabgrass 3 Digitaria sanguinalis (2) X D Tellcw foxtail 3 Setaria lutescens (2) X D Green foxtail 3 Setaria viridis (2) X D Bur foxtail 3 Setaria verticillata X D Barnyard grass 3 Echinochloa crus-galli (2) X D Lovegrass 3 Eragrostis poaeoides (1) X D Cheat 1-2 Bronus tectorum (1) X D Ryegrass 2 Lolium psrenne (1) X Road Creeping bent 2 Agrostis stolonifera (2) Road Lovegrass 3 Eragrostis frankii (1) D Lovegrass 3 Eragrostis pectinacea (3) D Annual panicgrass 3 Panicum dichotoniflorum (1) D Annual panicgrass 3 Panicum capillars (3-4) D Dropseed 3 Sporobolus vaginiflorus (2) D Squirrel-tail 2 Hordevun jubatum (3) Six week's fescue 3 Festuca octoflora (found once) (Vulpia octoflora) (1) (End of Grasses) Page 10 HERBS: (cont.) Community Name Blooming Time Scientific Name Family and Frquency Grass of Parnassus Parrtassia glauca (Saxifrage) (3) F Grass-pink 2 Calopogon pulchellus (Reported by J. H. Zinmerrnan) A Groundcherry Physalis sp, (Nightshade) (2) C Groundnut 3 Apios amfericaryi (Leguae) (2) Honkweea 00 Hawkweed 2-3 Hieracium canadense (Composite) (2) X A Orange Hawkweed 2 Hieracium aurantiacura (1) X D Hedge-Uustard 2 Sisynbrium altissisum (Mustard) (2) C Hedge-nettle 2 Stachys palustris (Hint) (2) X D Henp 3 Cannabis sativa (Kenp) (1) X A Hoary-alys sum 2 Berteroa incana (liistard) (2) 0 Hogpeanut 3 Amphicarpa bracteata (3) X D Hollyhock Althaea rosea (Hallow) (1) 0 Hcoewart 2 Cryptotaenia canadensis (Parsley) (3) C Hops 3 Hunulus lupulus (Henp) (2) X D Hops, Japanese 3-h Hunulus japonicus (planted) (li) Horsegentian Hill Feverwort 1-2 Triosteum perfoliatun (Honeysuckle)(1) 0 Fevervrort 1 Triosteum auran&cum (3) 0 Hyssop, Giant 3 Agastache scrophulariaefolia (l!int)(l) 0 Indian-pipe 3 lionotropa uniflora (Shinleaf) (1) Indian Plantain 00 Ihdian plantain 3 Cacalia atriplicifolla (Composite) (3) DNR Indian Plantain 3 Cacalia suaveolens (1) R Ironrreed 3 Vernonia fasciculata (Conposite) (1) 0 Jack-in-the-pulpit 1 Arisaema atrorubens (Arum) (3) X D Jimsontreed 3 Datura stranonira (Nightshade) (1) 0 Jacob's ladder 1 Poleaoniua reptans (Poleaonium) (3) C Jewel treed 3-Ji Iapatiens capensis (Touch-ae-not) (3) C Jewel need 3-it lEpatiens pallida (2) Joe-Pye-Weed c,s Marsh Joe-Pye-Weed 3 Eupatorium maculatum (Composite) (3) 0 Wood's 3 Eupatorium purpureum (2) R Krigia 2 Krigia biflora (Conposite) (2) Iadyslipper C Smaller yellow 2 Cypripedium calceolus var. oarviflorum F White Cypripedium candidum (Orchid) (1) OO Lead plant 3 Amorpha canescens (1) Lettuce A Prickly 2 Lactuca scariola (3) A,D Wild 2-3 Lactuca canadensis (3) 0 Wild 2-3 Lactuca biennis (3) Liatris RR Blazing Star 3-Jj Liatris aspera (Conposite) (2) R,F Gayfeather 3 Liatris pycnostachya (3) R,D Lion's foot 3-h Prenanthes alba (Corposizej (2) Lobelia C Great Blue 3-U Lobelia siphilitica (Bellflorrer) (2) R Pale Blue Lobelia spicata (2-3) F Kalm's Lobelia kalmii (3) Page 11
HERBS: (cont.) Community Name Bloceing Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency 0 Lopseed 3 Phryma leptostachya (Lopseed) (3) Lousewort R Louse* or L 1 Pedicularis canadensis (Figwort) (3) S Lousewort 3 Pedicularis lanceolata (3) Loosestrife S Fringed 2-3 Iysimachia ciliata (Primrose) (2) R,E Prairie 2 Iysimachia quadriflora (2) CHR Loosestrife 3 Iysimachia quadrifolia (2) S Tufted 2 Iysimachia thyrsiflora (2) 00 Loosestrife 2-3 Iysimachia lanceolata (1) Swampcandle 2 Iysimachia terrestris (found once) (1) D Marsh-elder 3 Iva xanthifolia (CoaDosite) (1) S,F Marsh Marigold 1 Caltha palustris (Buttercup) (3) 0 Kayapple Podophyllyn peltatum (Barberry) 00 Meadcmrue 0 Early Meadcnrrue 1 Thalictrum dioicum (Buttercup) (3) F,R Tall 2 Thalictrun dasycarpum (3) Milkweed A Common 2-3 Asclepias syriaca (Milkweed) (3) C,S Marsh 3 Asclepias incarnata (3) 0 Poke 2-3 Asclepias exaltata (2) 00 Whirled 3 Asclepias verticillata (1) 00 Mock-pennyroyal 1 Hedeaaa hispida (Hint) (1) Mctikeyflower S Blue 3 Mimulus ringens (3) Spring Yellow JL Mimolns glabratus (2) A,C Morning glory, Wild 2-3 Convolvulus sepium (Horning Glory) (3) X D Motherwort 2 Leonurus cardiaca (Mint) (3) R,C Mountain Mint 3 Pycnanthemum virginianum (Mint) (3) X A,D Mullein 3 Verbascum thapsus (Figwort) (3) Mustard X D Black 2-3 Brassica nigra (Mustard) (3) X D Charlock 2 Brassica kaber (2) D Nettle, Stinging 2 Urtica dioica (Nettle) (2) CHR Obedient plant 3 Physostegia virginiana (Mint) (1) Onion 0 Wild Garlic 2 Allium canadense (lily) (3) 0 Wild Leek 2 Allium tricoccum (3) Orchid CHR Green 1 Habenaria viridis (Orchid) (1) F Ladies' Tresses 3-4 Spiranthes cernua (1-2) 0,Edge Showy 1-2 Orchis spectabiiis (Orchis) (2) C Purple Fringed 3 Habenaria psycodes (1) X A Oxeye Daisy A Chrysanthemum leucanthenum (Comp.) (3) 0 Pellitory 2 Parietaria pehnsylvanica (Nettle) (2) X D Pennycress 1 Thlaspi arvense (Mustard) (2) X D Peppergrass 1-2 Lepidium caapestre (Mustard) D Peppergrass 1-2 Lepidium virginicum III D Pilewort 3 Erechtites hieracifolia (Comp.) (1) R Pimpemol 1-2 Taenidia integerriraa (Parsley) (2) F Pitcher Plant 1-2 Sarracenia purpurea (Pitcher Plant)(1) Page 10 HERBS: (CONT.) Comnunity Name Blooming Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency D Plantain 1-2 Plantago major (Plantain) (3) Poixhreed Potaraogeton sp. (foliosus?) R3 Prairie Phlox 1-2 Phlox pilosa (Polemoniua) (2) A Pussytoes 1 Antennaria sp. (Composite) (1) X A Queenann's Lace 3 Daucus carota (Parsley) (h) X D Quickvreed 1- k Galinsoga ciliata (2) F Korippa 2 Korippa islandica var. fernaldiana (Mustard) (2) Rush F,S Rush Juncus dudleyi (Rush) (2) F Rush Juncus nodosus (3) Road Toad - juncus bufoniua (2) Paths • Yard- Juncus tenuis (3/ Ragweed D Ragweed 3-ii Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Cocposite)(3) D Giant 3 Ambrosia trifida (3) 00 Rock Cress 1 Arabis lyrata (Mustard) (1) 0 Sandwort, Wood's 2 Arenaria lateriflora (Chicloreed) ' (3) R Saxifrage, Swamp 1-2 Saxifraga pennsylvanica (Saxifrage) (2) Skullcap S,C Skullcap 3 Scutellaria epilobiifolia (Hint) (3) S,C Skullcap 3 Scutellaria lateriflora (3) Sedge RR Sedge 1 Carex bebbii (Sedge) $ D Awl 2 Carex stipata 0 Sedge Carex nornalis (l) 0 Bieked Carex sprengelii (1) 0 Pensylvania Carex pensylvanica 32 0 Star Carex convoluta \ ) 0 Wood Carex blanda (3) 0 Woodbank Carex cephalophora (3) 00 Sedge Carex tenera 00 Bur Carex sparganioides (1) R Bicknell's Carex Bicknellii (2) P,F Sedge Carex tetanica R,F Field Carex conoidea F Sedge Carex gravida 8(i1) F Sedge Carex leptale;. (2) F Sedge Carex prairea 'dense tussocks) (3-U) F Sedge Carex sterilis (3) F Wiregrass Carex lasiocarpc (2) S,F Bottlebrush Carex hystricina (3) S,F Sedge Carex sartwellii (U) S,F Woolly Carex lanuginosa (3) 3 Sedge Carex rostra ta (3) S,F Sedge Carex buxbaumii (3) S Tussock Carex stricta (U) s Sedge Carex aquatilis (3) s Satrgrass Carex lacustris (3) s Bristly Carex comosa (3) River Sedge Carex trichocarpa (3) R Broorn Carex Scoparia (2) Page 11
HERBS: (cont.) Community Name Blooming Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency D,Shade Self-heal 2-3 Prunella vulgaris (Hint) (2) R Senega Snakeroot 1 Polygala senega (Milkwort) (2) D Shepherd's purse 1 Capsella bursa-oastoris (ttistard) (2) 0 Shinleaf 2-3 Pyrola elliptica (Shinleaf) (2) 0,00 Shooting Star Dodecatheon meadia (Primrose) (3) S,P Slum Slum suave (Parsley) (2) TAH,Spring Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus (Arum) (3) X D Sowthistle Sonchus uliginosus (Composite) (3) Smartweed S,P Smartweed 3-U Polygonum lapathifolium (Buckwheat)(U) S,D Smartweed 3-U Polygonum pensylvanicua (2) S Smartweed Polygonum punctatum (3) Ditch Smartweed 3 - Polygonum coccineua (2) A Black bindweed 3 Polygonum convolvulus (3) C Clinfcing False Bucknheat3-U Polygonum scandens (2) D Kncrbweed 3-U Polygonum aviculare (2) C,S Tear thumb 3-U Polygonum sagittatum (3-U) Ditch Water 3 Polygonum amphibium (3) S Sneeaeweed 3-U Kelenium autunnale (Ccmoosite) (1) River Spatter Dock 2 Nuphar sp. (Waterlily)' (1) Speedwell D Speedwell 1-2 Veronica peregrina (Figwort) (3) A Speedwell 2 Veronica officinalis (1) CRR Spiderwort . 2 Tradescaffia ohiensis (Spiderwort) (2) Spikerush Ditch Spike rush Eleocharis acicularis (Sedge) (3) P9,Mud Spikerush (clump former)3 Eleocharis sp. (2) F,S Spikerush (rhizomat.) 3 Eleocharis sp. (3) 0 Spring Beauty 1 Claytonia virginica (Purslane) (1) S,F Spring cress 1 Cardamine bulbosa (Mustard) (3) R,F Stargrass 1-2 Hypaxis hirsuta (Amaryllis) (3) 0 Starry canpion 2 Silene stellata (Chickweed) (2) Spurge D,A Spurge 2 Euphorbia cyparissias (Spurge) (1) 00,A Flowering - 3 Euphorbia corollata (3) 0 Stickseed 3 Hackelia virginiana (Borage) (2) St. John's-wort S,F Marsh 3 Hypericum virginicum (St.John'sw.) (2) Ditch St. John's-wort 3 Hypericum sp. (2) A Klamath weed 2-3 Hypericum perforatum (2) 0 Strawberry Fragaria sp. fF^eaea?) (Rose) (3) D Sumoer—cypress Kochia scoparia (Qoosefoot) (3) Sunflcwrer D Sunflower 3 Helianthus annuus (Composite) Ditch Big tooth 3 Helianthus grosseserratus (3) TAK Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus (1) 0 Rough-leaved Helianthus strumosus (3) Susan R,A Black-eyed 2-3 Rudbeckia hirta (Composite) (2) C Swamp 3 Rudbeckia laciniata (2) P Star-thistle (introd. 2-3 Centaurea maculata (|) in 70's) Page 11
HERBS: (cont.) Community Name Blooming Time Scientific Mane Family and Frequency 0 Sweet Cicely 1-2 Osmorhiza claytoni (Parsley) (3) 0 1-2 (3) Sweet Clover I A,D White 2-3 Melilotus alba (Legume) (3) X A.D Yellow 2 Melilotus officinalis (2) Thistle X D Bull 2-3 Cirsium vulgar© (Composite) (3) X A Canada 2 Cirsium arvense NOXIOUS WEED 1 (3) S,C Marsh 3-U Cirsium muticum (3) A Prairie 3-b Cirsium discolor (3) 0 Tall Wood's 3-ii Cirsium altissimum (2) D. Three-seeded Llercury 3 Acalypha rhonboidea (Spurge) (2) Tick-trefoil R Canada 3 Desmodium canadense (Legume) (2) 0 Tick-trefoil 3 Desmodium glutinosum (3) R Tick-trefoil 2-3 Desmodium illinoense (2) 0 Toothwort 1 Dentaria laciniata (Mustard) 00 X D Treacle-iiistard i Eiysinum cheiranthoides (Mustard) (1) 0 Trillium, Nodding 1 Trillium cernuum (Lily) (2) R Turk»s-cap-Lily 3 Lilium michiganense (Lily) (2) C,S,F Turtlehead 3 Chelone glabra (Figwort) (2-3) 0,F Twayblade 2 Liparis lilifolia &loeselii (1) F Twigrush 2 Cladium mariscoides (Sedge) (3) Umbrella Sedge F,Mud Umbrella Sedge 3-4 Cyperus erythrorhizos (Sedge) (2) F, Mud Unto re 11a Sedge 3-h Cyperus rivularis (1) D,Wet Umbrella Sedge 3 Cyperus strigosus (1) Violet Viola cucullata? F Violet 1 Viola nephrophylla (Violet) TAM American Dog- 1 Viola conspersa Bl CHR Arrorr-leaved 2 Viola sagittata (i) 0,D Comon Blue 1 Viola papilionacea (2) TAM White Sweet 1 Viola incognita (2) 0 Wood's Blue 1 Viola sororia 0 Yellow 1 Viola pubescens 81 Vetch X A Vetch 2 Vicia sativa (Legume) (2) X A Hairy 2 Vicia hirsuta (2) C Vetch 2 Vicia americana (2) Vervain R Vervain 3 Verbena hastata (Vervain) (2) 00 Hoary 3 Verbena stricta (1) 0 White 3 Verbena urticifolia (3) D Vervain 2 Verbena bracteata (1) F Valerian 1 Valeriana ciliata (Valerian) (3) X D Velvet-leaf 3 Abutilan theophrasti (Mallow) (2) Water-hemlock S Water-hemlock 2 Cicuta bulbifera (Parsley) (3) S,R Water-Hemlock 2 Cicuta maculata (3) Page
KERBS: (cont.) Ccraminity Name Blooding Time Scientific Name Family and Frequency Wate r-Horeh ound S Water-Horehound 3 Iycopus araericanus (Mint) (3) S Water-Horehound 3 Iycopu3 uniflorus (3) ?2 Watermeal Wolffia Columbiana (Duckweed) (2) P-j Water-milfoil Hyriophyllun sp. (Watermilfoil) Spring Water-Parsnip 2 Berula pusilla (Parsley) (2) P, Water-Plantain 3 Alisina triviale (V/ater-Plantain) (2) River Waterwillosr 3 Decodon vertic Hiatus (1-2) 0 White Snakeroot 3-it Eupatoriun rugosun (Composite) (3) R Wild Bergamot 3 Honarda fistulosa (Vint) (3) C Wild cucumber 3 Echinocystia lobata(c,ou/*d) 0 Wild Geranium 1 Geranium macula turn (Geranium) (3) S Wild Hint 3 Mentha arvensis (Mttri (3) I A,D ?/ild Parsnip 2 Pastinaca sativa (Parsley) (U) S,C Wild Pea 2 Lathyrus palustris (Legume) (2) 0,Edge Wild Pea 2 Lathyrus venosus (Legurae)prairie relic Dioscorea villosa (Yam) (3) 0 Willow-HerWild Ian b 2 C,DHR Willow Herb 3 Epilobium coloratum (Svenine Prim.)(2) S Harrcar-Leaved 3 Epilobium leptophyllum (3) CHR Woodrush 1 Luzula oultiflora (Rush) (1) 0 Wood-Nettle 2-3 Laportea canadensis (Nettle) (1) Woodsorrel D Yellow 2 Oxalis stricta (V/oodsorrel) (3) CHR Violet 1 Oralis riolacea (2) A Yarrow 2 Achillea millefolium (Composite) (3) X A Yellow-Rocket , Barbarea vulgaris (Mustard) (3-U)
STATISTICAL SYNOPSIS Native Introduced Total Ferns 13 - 13 Conifers 2 it (planted) 6 Deciduous Trees 23 £ (planted) 28 Shrubs and Vines S7 7 (1 planted) 6U Herbaceous Plants 361 7U U35 U56 90 Page 16
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN CHEROKEE MARSH
Drainage, recent drought and discontinuance of yearly hayraowing have accelerated shrub-carr formation and Reed canary-grass takeover. Reed canary grass Is nov.the most common grass in Cherokee Marsh. It provides no winter cover nor nesting support because.it lodges in winter. According to Lu Severson no bird nests have been found in Reed canary grass in Cherokee Marsh. The oak opening of the early seventies east of highway 113 (marked OO) is now overgrown with shrubs; as a result most of the prairie plants'have been shaded out. i History of Sodfields 1971 Eod of Bluegrass 1972 After the sod was harvested, the fields became covered with annual Panic grass (Panicum capillare) dotted with Fringed Gentian^ Kalis's Lobelia and other fen and marsh plants. 1973 Reed canary appeared in spots among marsh plants. 1974 Reed canary formed 50Z coverage. 1975 REED CANARY GRASS FORKED 901 COVERAGE 1984 Sandbar Willow has invaded over 507c of sodfields.
History of Lu's Pond
1969 - 1972 Pond almost completely covered wich diverse emergent aquatic vegetation with CATTAIL DOMINANT Winter 1972-73 Muskrat eat-out. Pond open 1976 Pond dried up. By fall it was a meadow of pink flowering annual Saartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium) with Reed canary seedlings as understory. 1977 REED CANARY BECAME DOMINANT VEGETATION IN THE POND. Northern Manna grass growing in center of pond. 1978 Pond again filled wich water. 1979 Pond open 1981 POND COMPLETELY OVERGROWN BY BUR-REED. In ten years the pond vegetation has changed from a diverse aquatic emergent vegetation with Cattail dominant into an almost monotypic Bur-reed Marsh. Was this a natural succession, or did the Reed canary grass prevent Cattail seeds from germinating? PLANTS OF CHKROKIili MARSH Page 17
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH W/ Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency D Abutilon theophraoti 3 G Velvet Leaf (Mallow) (2) D Acalypha rhomboidea - 3 G Three-Seeded Mercury (Spurge) (2) O. I) Acer negundo - 1 Box Elder (Maple) (2-5) ? Accr nigrum - 1 Black Maple (Reported by C. Nelson) O Acer rub rum - 1 Red Maple (1) D Accr saccharinuin - 1 Silver Maple (Planted) A Achillea millefolium - 2 W Yarrow (Composite) (3) O Actaea rubra t pachypoda Baneberry (Buttercup) (2)0) O Adiantum pedatum Muidcnhair Fern (Fern) (2) O Agastachc scrophulariaefolia (t) O Agrimonia pubescens (Mint) (1) o Agrimonia gryposcpala - 2 Y Agrimony (Rose) (3) A A g ropy run ropens - 2 Quack Grass (Grass) (3) R Agropyron truchycaulum - 2 Wheat Grass (Grass) (2) A Agrostis gigantea Redtop (Grass) (3) R Agrostis scabra (2) Road Agrostis stolonifera Pi Alisma triviale - 2 W Water Plantain (Water Plantain) (4) 0 Allium canadense - 2 P Wild Garlic (Lily) (3) O Allium tricoecum - 2 W Wild Leek (Lily) (3) DNR C Aluus rugosa - 1 Alder (Birch) (3) P Alopecurus aequalis (1) D Althaea rosea Hollyhock (Mallow) (1> D Amaranthus retroflexus - 3 G Redroot Pig Weed (Amaranth) (3) D Amaronthus ;tuberculatus (Moq)Sauer (2) D Ambrosia artemisiifolia - 3 G Common Ragweed (Composite) (3) D Ambrosia trilida - 3 G Giant Ragweed K3) O Amelunchicr flpicata (Lam)K. Koch (Rose) (I) O Ampliicarpa braeteata - 3 Hog-Peanut (Legume* (3) OO Amorpha canesccns - 2 P Leadplant (2) R.F RR Andropogon gerardi fcscoparius' Bluestem (Grass) (3)(1) R, C Anemone canadensis - 2 Canada Anemone (Buttercup) (3) 0 Anemone cylindrica ft'virginiana (2) O Anemone quinquefolia - 1 W Wood's Anemone (3) S Angelica atropurpurea - 2 W Angelica (Parsley) (3) A Antennnria sp. - 1 W Puesytoes (Composite) (2) C Apios americana - 3 P Groundnut (Legume) (2) A Apocynuin androsaemifolium - 2 Dogbane (Dogbane) (2) R Apocynum cannnbinum - 3 Indian Hemp (Dogbane) (2) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 1C
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency O Aquilegia canadensis -1,2 Columbine (Buttercup) (2) OO Ababis lyrnta - 1 W Rock Cress (Mustard (2) O Aralia nudicaulis - 1 W Wild Sarsaparilla (Ginseng) (3) O Aralia raccmosa - 3 W Spikenard (Ginseng) (1) X D Arctium minus - 3 R Burdock (Composite) (4) O Arenaria lateriflora - 2 W Wood's Sandwort (Chick weed) (3) O Arisaema atrorubens - 1 G J ack-in- the- Pulpit (Arum) (3) RR Aristida basiramea (I) D Artemisia biennis - 3 G Worm Wood (Composite) (D C. Bj Artemisia serrata - 3 G Silverleaf Artemisia (Composite) (1) 0 Asclepias cxaltata - 2 Y Wood's Milkweed, (2) Pokemilkweed S. R Asclepias incarnata - 3 R Swamp Milkweed (Milkweed) (3) A Asclepias syriaca - 2, 3 P Common Milkweed (Milkweed) (4) OO, A Asclcpias verticillata - 3 W Whirled Milkweed (Milkweed) (2) X D Asparagus officinalis (1) (SJF Aster juueiformis - 3 Pale B Early Marsh Aster (Composite) (3-4) O Aster latcriflorus - 4 W Calico Aster (2) S, R Aster novae-angliac - 4 P New England Aster (2) A Aster piiosus - 4 W Frost Aster (3) DNR, C Aster puniccus - 4 Pale B Red-Stemmed Aster (2) C.S.R Aster puniccus var. lucidulus Marsh Aster, Lavender (Much) (4) O Aster sagittifolius - 4 W B Arrow-Leaved Aster (3) s. Aster simplex - 4 W White Marsh Aster (Edge of Road) (2) C,R,F Aster umbellntus - 3 W Flattop Marsh Aster (2) O Athyriuin filix-femina Ladyfem (Fern) (2) Edge R Baptisia leucantha - 2 W False Prairie Indigo (Legume) (1) A Barbarea vulgaris - 1 Y Yellow Hocket (Mustard) (4) X CHR Bcrberis thunbergii Barberry (Barberry) (1) X A Berterou incana - 2 W Hoary Alyssum (Mustard) (2) Spring Berula pusilln - 3 W Water Parsnip (Parsley) (2) C, F Betula-sandbergi - 1 Dwarf Birch (Birch) (3-4) S Bidens ccrnua - 4 Y Burmarigoid (Composite) (2) F. S Bidens eoronata - 4 Y Burmarigold (3) D Bidens sp. (Frondosa or Burmarigoid (Along Road) Vulgata) - 4 Y (3) O Botrychium virginianum Grape Fern (Adder's Tongue) (2) O Brachyclytrum erectum - 2 3 A Woodland Grass (Grass) (2) X D Brassica kaber U nigra Mustard (Mustard) (2)(3) O Bromus purgons & latiglumis Brome Grass (Grass) (3X2) F Bromus ciliutus - 3 Brome Grass (3) X A D Bromus inermis - & tectorum (3XD DNR OO Cacalia atriplicifolia & suaveolens (Composite) (3>(1) S. R F Calamagrostis canadensis - 2 Blue-Joint (Grass) (3) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 19
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont)
Intro- Commu- Scientific Name , Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency S, F Caltha palustris - 1Y Marsh Marigold (Buttercup) (3) C, S Campanula aparinoides - 3W Marsh Bellwort (Bellflower) (3) X D Cannabis sativa - 3 G Hemp (Hemp) (1) X D Capsella bursa-pastoris - 1 W Shepherd's Purse (Mustard) (2) S Cardamine bulbosa - 1W Spring Cress (Mustard) (3) S Carex aquatilis Sedge (Sedge) RR Carex bebbii R Carex bicknellii O Carex blanda S, F Carex buxbaumii O Carex cephalophora S Carex comosa O Carex convoluta R, F Carex conoidea F Carex gravida S F Carex hystricina F Carex interior ? S Carex lacustris S F Carex lanuginosa F Carex lasiocarpa F Carex leptalea O Carex normalis O Carex pensylvanica F Carex prairea S Carex rostrata F S Carex sartwellii R Carex scoparia OO Carex sparganioides O Carex sprengelii S F Carex sterilis D Carex stipata S Carex stricta OO Carex tenera F Carex tetanies River Carex trichocarpa O Carya ovata - 1 Shagbark Hickory (Walnut) (3) X D Carum carvi - 2 W Caraway (Parsley) (1) O Caulophyllum thalictroides G Blue Cohosh (Barberry) (3) OO Ceanothus americanus - 2 W New Jersey Tea (Buckthorne) (1) O Celastrus scandens - 2 G Bittersweet Vine (Bittersweet) (2) O Celtis occidcntalis Hackberry (3) River Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail (Hornwort) Spring Chara (Stonewort) (1) C.S.F Che lone glabra - 3 W Turtlehead (Figwort) (2) X D Chenopodium album - 2 - 3 G Lamb'a Quarters (Goosefoot) (3) D Chenopodium hybridum - 2 Goosefoot (Goosefoot) (3) DNR D Chenopodium capitatum - 2 G Strawberry Blight Found once'in 1969 (1) Centaurea maculosa Cichorium intybus PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 20
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency X A Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Oxeye Daisy (Composite) (3) S, Bl Cicuta bulbifera - 2 W Water Hemlock (Parsley) (3) S.R.Bj Cicuta maculata - 2 W Water Hemlock (Parsley) (3) 0 Cinna arundinacca - 3 Wood Reed (Grass) (1) O Circaea quadrisulcata - 2 W Enchanter's Nightshade (Evening Primrose) (3) X A Cirsium arvense - 2 R Canada Thistle1 (weed) (Composite) (3) X D Cirsium vulgare - 3 R Bull Thistle (weed) (Composite) (3) O Cirsium oltissimum - 3 P Tall Wood's Thistle (Composite) (2) A Cirsium discolor - 3 R Prairie Thistle (Composite) (3) S, C Cirsium muticum - 3 P Swamp Thistle (Composite) (3) F Cladium mariscoides 0 Claytonia virgin ica - 1 Spring Beaty (Purslane) (1) TAM Clematis virginiann - 3 W Virgin's Bower (Buttercup) (1) R Comandra richardsiana - 1W Bastard Toadflax (Sandalwood) (3) A Convolvulus sepium - 2 W Wild Morning Glory (Convolvulus) (2) R Coreopsis palmata - 2 Y ? Tickseed (Composite) 0 Cornus alternifolia - 2 W Alternate-Leaved (Dogwood) (3) Dogwood Hill O Cornus arromum Silky Dogwood (1) R, O Cornus rac ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (eont) Intro- Commu Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency R Gentiona andrewsii - 4 B Bottle Gentian (Gentian) (2) F Gentian a procera - 4 B Lesser Fringed Gentian (2) O Geranium maculatum -IP Wild Geranium (Geranium) (3) oo Gerardia grandi flora - 3 Y Yellow False Foxglove (Figwort) (2) B j,S,F Gerardia paupercula - 4 R Gerardia (2) Bj.C Geum alcppieum - 2 Y Yellow Avens (Rose) (2) o Geum eanadense - 2 W White Avens (3) D Glechoma hederacea -IB Creeping Charlie (Mint) (2) F Glyceria borealis S Glyceria grandis - 2 Manna Grass (Grass) (1) Ditch Glyceria septentrionalis - 3 Manna Grass (1) R Glyceria striata - 2 Manna Grass (2) oo Gnaphalium obtusifolium - 3 W Cudweed (Composite) (2) DNR.C Habenaria psycodes - 3 P Purple Fringed Orchid (Orchis) (1) CHR Habenaria viridis - 1 G Orchid (1) D.O Hackelia virginiana - 3 G Stickseed (Borage) (2) OO Hedeoma hispida -PI Mock Pennyroyal (Mint) (1) S Hclenium autumnalc - 3, 4 Y Sneezeweed (Composite) (1) D Helianthus annuus P Helianthus grosseserratus-3 Y Big Tooth Sunflower (Composite) (3) TAM Helianthus tuberosus - 4 Y Jerusalem Artichoke (1) O Helianthus strumosus - 3 Y Rough-Leaved Sunflower (3) S lleliopsis lielinnthoides - 2-3 Early Sunflower (Composite) (3) D Hemerocallis t'ulva - 2 - 3 Daylily (Lily) (2) O Hcracleum maximum - 2 W Cow Parsnip (Parsley) (2) R Heuchera richardsonii - 1, 2 G Alum Root (Saxifrage) (2) A Hieracium aurantiaeum - 2 Orange Hawkweed (Composite) (1) OO.CHR Hieracium ennudensc - 2 3 Y Hawkweed (2) Bj.F llierochloe odorata - I Sweet Grass (Grass) (2) D Hordeum jubatum - 2 Squirrel Tail (Grass) (3) Foxtail Barley D.C Humulus lupulus - 3 Hops (Hemp) (2) X D Humulus japonicus 3-4 Japanese Hops (Drumlin Farm Site) X A Hypericum perforatum 2 - 3 Y Klamath Weed (St. John's Wort) (3) SF Hypericum virgjnicum - 3- 4H : Marsh St. John's Wort (1) F Hypericum sp. - Y (1) R Hypoxis hirsuta - 1 - 2 Y Sturgrass (Amaryllis) (3) O Hystrix patula - 2 Bottlebrush Grass (Grass) (2) O Ilex verticil lata - 2 W American Holly (Holly) (2) Bj ,C lmpatiens capensis Sc.pallida< Jewelweed (Touch-Me-Not) (2) S.F Iris virginica - 2 B Blue Flag (Iris) (3) D Iva xantliifolia - 3 G Marsh Elder (Drumlin) (Composite) (1) ths Juncus tenuis - 2 Yard Rush (Rush) (3) D J uncus bufonius Rush (2) F Juncus dudleyi F Juncus nodosus Juniperus virginiana - 1 Red Cedar (Pine) (2) D Kochia scoparia - 4 G Summer Cypress (Goosefoot) (2) R Krigia biflora - 2 Y Krigia (Composite) (2) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 23 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency 0 Lactuca biennis - 2 - 3 Y Wild Lettuce (Composite) (3) A ,D Lactuca canadensis -H Wild Lettuce (Composite) (3J A Lactuca scariola - 2 Y Prickly Lettuce (3) 0 Laportea canadensis - 3 G Wood's Nettle (Nettle) (1) TAM Larix laricina - 1 Tamarack (Pine) (3) EdgeO Lathyrus venosus - 2 R Wild Pea (Legume) (2) S Lathyrus palustris - 2 R Marsh Pea (2) S Leersia oryzoides - 3 Rice Cutgrass (Grass) (2) B1,P2 Lemna minor Duckweed (Duckweed) (3) Pi Lemna trisulca Duckweed (3)(4) X D Leonurus cardiaca - 2 R Motherwort (Mint) (3) D Lepidium virginicum Peppergrass (Mustard) (3) OO Lespedeza capitata - 3 Bushelover (Legume) (2) RR Liatris aspera R Liatris pycnostachya - 3 R Gayfeather (Composite) (3) R Lilium michiganense - 3 • Turk's Cap Lily (Lily) (2) Edge 0 Liparis lilifolia - 2 Twayblade (Orchis) (1) F Liparis loeselii F Lobelia kalmii - 4 Pale B Kolm's Lobelia (Bellflower) (2) C Lobelia siphilitica - 3 B Great Blue Lobelia (2) R Lobelia spicata - 2 Pale B Pale Blue Lobelia (3) X D Lolium perenne O Lonicera prolifera - 2 Y Climbing Honeysuckle (Honeysuckle) (2) X 0 Lonicera x bella- 1 Tatarian Honeysuckle (3) p3 Ludwigia palustris - 3 G False Loose Strife (Evening Primrose) CHR Luzula multiflora Woodrush (Rush) (1) X D Lychnis alba - 2 W Campion (Chickweed) (3) S Lycopus Americanus - 3W Water-Horehound (Mint) (3) S Lycopus uniflorus - 3 W Water-Horehound (Mint) (3) S Lysimachia ciliata - 2 Y Loosestrife, Fringed (Primrose) (2) OO Lysimachia lanceolata R Lysimachia quadri flora - 2 Y Prairie Loosestrife (2) CHR Lysimachia quadrifolia - 3 Y Loosestrife, 4-leaf (2) DNR, C Lysimachia terrestris - 2 Y Swamp Candle (1) S Lysimachia thyrsiflora - 2 Y Tufted loosestrife (2) 0 Maianthemum canadense - 2W Canada Mayflower (Lily) (1) X D Malva neglecta 2-4 Cheeses (Mallow) (2) X D Medicago lupulina - 2, 3 Y Black Medick (Legume) (3) X A Medicaco sativa - 2 Alfalfa (3) X A D Melilotus alba - 2 3 W White Sweet Clover (Legume) (3) X A D Melilotus officinalis - 2 Y Yellow Sweet Clover (3) TAM Menispermum canadense - 2 Moonseed (Woody Twiner) (Moonseed) (2) S Mentha arvensis - 3 P Wild Mint (Mint) (2) F Menyanthes trifoliata - 2 W Buckbean (Gentian) (1) Spring Mimulua glabratus - 2 Y Yellow Monkeyflower (Figwort) RARE! (2) S Mimulus ringens - 3 B Blue Monkeyflower (2) X D Mollugo verticillata - 3 W Carpet weed (Carpetweed) (2) R Monarda flstulosa - 3 P Wild Bergamot (Mint) (3) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MA HSU Page 24 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (eont) Intro- Commu Scientific Name, Ulooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency O Monotropn unillora - 3 Indian Pipe (Shinleaf) (1) X O Moru3 alba tatariea - 1 Mulberry (Mulberry) (3) R. F Muhlenbergia glomerata - 3 Muhle Grass (Grass) (3) R, F Muhlenbergia mexicana - 3 (3) D Muhlenbergia schreberi (2) P Myriophyllum sp. Watermilfoil (Watermilfoil) C3, Uj Napnea riioica - 2 W Glademallow (Mallow) RARE? (2) x n Ncpeta eat aria - 2, 3 W Catnip (Mint) (3) Rivr Nuphar udvcua - 2 Y Spatter Dock (Waterlily) A, D Oenothera biennis - 2, 3 Y Evening Primrose (Evening Primrose) Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern S Orchis spevtabilis - 1-2 R (Fern) (2) Edge O Osmorhiza claytoni - 2 W Showy Orchis (Orchis) (1) O Osmorhizn longistylis - 2 W Sweet Cieily (Parsley) (3) O Osmunda oinnamoaiea Sweet Cicily (3) TAM Osmunda claytouinna Cinnamon Fern (Flowering Fern)(2) TAM Osmunda regalia Interrupted Fern (Flowering Fern)(2) RR Ostrya virginiana - I (1) O Iron wood (Uirch) (1) Oxulis slricta 2 Y Yellow Woodsorrel (3) D Oxalis violacea - 1 (Woodsorrel) (2) CHR Oxypolis I'igiilior - 3 W Violet Woodsorrel R.S Cow banc (Parsley) (3) Panax quimiuefolius - 2 G (Ginseng) (1) O Panicum 1 at i folium Ginseng (1) O Panicum implicatum Scribn. Panic Grass (Grass) (2) R Panicum scribnerianum Nash RR f 1/ F Panicum flexile (2) v D Panicum oapillare & dichotomiflorum (4X2.) O Parietaria pennsylvanica - 2 G Pcllitory (Nettle) (2) F Parnassia glauca - 3 W Grass of Parnassus (Saxifrage) (2) O Parthenoeis.iua inaerta Virginia Creeper (Vine) (3) X A, D Pastinaca sativa - 2 Y Wild Parsnip (Parsley) (4) R Pedicularis canadensis - 1 Y Lousewort (Figwort) (3) S Pedicularis lanceolate - 3 Lousewort (2) Pi3 Penthoruin sedoides - 3 G Ditch - Stonecrop (Stonecrop) (2) X A, D Plialaris arundinacca - 2 Reed Canary Grass (Grass) MUCH (2-5) X A Phleum pratensc - 2 Timothy (Grass) (3) R Phlox pilosu - 1 - 2 R Prairie Phlox (Polemonium) (3) SF Phragmites communis - 3 Giant Reed Grass (Grass) (2) O Phryma leptostachya - 2 - 3 R Lopseed (Lopseed) (3) OO.A Physalis sp. - 2 - 3 Y Ground Cherry (Nightshade) (2) C. O Physocarpus opulifoiius - 2 W Ninebark (Rose) (2) CHR Physostegia virginiana - 3 R Obedient Plant (Mint) (1) X Planted Picea abies - 1 Norway Spruce (Pine) Planted Picea glauca White Spruce (Pine) Planted Pinus resinosa - 1 Red Pine (Pine) Planted Pinus strobus - 1 - 2 White Pine (Pine) C Pilea pumila - 3 G Clear Weed (Nettle) (2) X D PI ant ago major - 2 G Plantain (Plantain) (3) PLANTS OF CHKROKIili MARSH Page 25 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW color Common Name Family Frequency X D Poa annua X A Poa compressa - 2 Canada Bluegrass (Grass) (3) C Poa palustris - 2 Marsh Bluegrass (Grass) (3) X A Poa prutcnsis - 1 - 2 Kentucky Bluegrass (Grass) (4) O Podophyllum peltatum - 1 W Mayapple (Barberry) (4) O Polemonium reptans -IB Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium) (3) R Polygala senega - 1 W Scneca Snakeroot (Milkwort) (2) X D Polygonum aviculare - 3 Knotweed (Buckwheat) (3) Ditch Polygonum amphibium - 3-4 R Water Smartweed (1) Polygonum coccineum - 3 R Smart weed X A Polygonum convolvulus - 2-3 G Bindweed (3) BlfS Polygonum hydropiperodes- W Mild Water pepper (2) S Polygonum punctatum S Polygonum lapathit'olium - 3-4 Smartweed (3) D Polygonum pensylvanicum Smartweed (4) S Polygonum sugittatum - 3 4 W Tear Thumb (2) C Polygonum scandens - 3 4 G W Climbing False (Buckwheat) (2) Buckwhcat O Populus grandidentata - 1 Big Tooth Aspen (Willow) (2) CHR ,0 Populus tremuloidcs - 1 Quaking Aspen (3) D Populus deltoides - 1 Cottonwood (3) P3 "ntnmoprelnn foiiosus Pondweed (Pondweed) (2) X D Potentilla urgemcu - 1, 2 Y Silvery Cinquefoil (Rose) (3) RR Potentilla arguta (1) X D Potentilla norvegica - 2 Y Cinquefoil (2) S Potentilla palustris - 2 P Marsh Fivefinger (1) X A Potentilla rceta - 3 Y Upright Quinquefoil (2) R Potentilla simplex - 2 Y Prairie Fivefinger (2) R.O Prenanthes alba - 3, 4 W Lion'8 Foot (Composite) (2) X A Prunella vulgaris - 2, 3 P S elf-Heal (Mint) (3) Edge O Prunus nmericano - 1 W Wild Plum (Rose) (2) CHR.Road Prunus pensylvanica - 1 W Pin Cherry (2) O Prunus serotina - 1 W Black Cherry (3) O Prunus virginiiuia - 1 W Choke Cherry (3) O Pteretis pcnsylvanica Ostrich Fern (Fern) (1) O Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern (3) R, C Pycnanthemum virginianum Mountain Mint (Mint) EdgeA Pyrus ioensia Pyrus malus & communis O Pyroia eljiptica - 2 W Shin Leaf (Shin Leaf) (2) O Quercus alba - 1 White Oak (Beech) (3) OO Quercus ellipsoidalis - 1 Hill's Oak (1) R.O Quercus maoroearpa - 1 Burr Oak (3) O Quercus rubra - 1 Red Oak (2) O Quercus velutina - 1 Black Oak (3) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 26 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLVV Color Common Name Family Frequency O Ranunculus abortivus - 1 Y Small Flowered Buttercup (Buttercup) (3) X P2 Ranunculus acris - 1 2 Y Buttercup (2) Ranunculus flabellaris - 1 Y Yellow Water Buttercup (Buttercup) (1) Edge k Ranunculus recurvatus - 1 Y Hooked Buttercup (2) P3 Ranunculus soleratus - 1 Y Cursed Buttercup (2) O Ranunculus septentrionalis - 1 Northern Buttercup (2) R Ranunculus pensylvanicus Buttercup (1) Ratibida pinnuta - 3 Y Yellow Coneflower (Composite) (3) C Rhamnus alnifolia - 1 - 2 W Buckthorne (Buckthorne) (2) X,S,D,0 Rhamnus cathartica - 2 Buckthorne (Invading) (3) A Rhus glabra - 2 Smooth Sumac (Cashew) (3) A Rhus radicana - 1 - 2 Poison Ivy (2) A Rhus lyphina - 2 Staghorn Sumac (3) S Rhus vernix (Rosemary Poison Sumac (1) Klemming) C.O Ribes americanum - 1 G Y American Black Currant (Saxifrage) (3) O Ribes missouriensis - 1 G Gooseberry (3) X D Robinia pseudoacacia W Black Locust (Planted) (Legume) D.A Rosa Carolina - 2 R Wild Rose (Rose) (2) X D Rosa multiflora - 2W Multiflora Rose (1 Plant) F Rorippa islandica var. fernaldiana (1) F Rhyncospora capillacea (1980 much) F Rhyncospora alba Beak Rush (Sedge) (1) O Kubus idaeu3- 2 G Red Raspberry (Rose) (3) O Rubus occidentalis - 2 G Black Raspberry (3) CHR Rubus pubescence - 1 W Dwarf Raspberry (1) A .O Kubus sp. - 2 W Blackberry and Dewberry (3) R, A Rudbeckia hirta 2 - 3 Y Black-eyed Susan (Composite) (2) C Rudbeckia laciniata - 3 Y "Swamp" Susan (2) Rumex crispus - 2 Curley Dock (Buckwheat) (2) X A Rumex mexicana (2) Bj ,S Rumex orbiculatus - 3 Water Dock (3) Pl.S Sagittaria latifolia - 3, 4 W Arrowhead, Wapato (Water Plantain) (3) R, S Salix bebbiana - 1 Bcbb's Willow (Willow) F Salix Candida - 1 Hoary Willow C,S Salix discolor - 1 Pussy Willow (Willow) Salix humilis Ditch Salix interior - 2 Sandbar Willow River Salix nigra Black Willow (Tree) F Salix pedicellaris - 1 Bog Willow F Salix petiolaris - 1 Slender Willow X Planted Salix pendulina Weeping Willow (Tree) F Salix scrissima Autumn Willow C.O.D Sambucus canadensis - 2 W Elderberry (Honeysuckle) (3) O Sanguinaria canadensis - 1 W Bloodroot (Poppy) (3) O Sanicula gregaria - 1 2 G Black Snakeroot (Parsley) (3) O Sanicula marilandica - 1, 2 G Black Snakeroot (3) F Sarracenia purpurea - 2 Pitcher Plant (Pitcher Plant) (2 plants) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 27 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency X D Saponaria officinalis (1) R Saxifraga pennsylvanica - 1, 2 Swamp Saxifrage (Saxifrage) (2) Ditch Pj Scirpus Atrovirens - 2 Bulrush (Sedge) (2) F Scirpus eespitosus - 1 Tussock Bulrush (2) Ditch Pj Scirpus cypcrinus - 2 Bulrush (2) River Scirpus fluviatilis - 2 River Bulrush (3) Pj.S Scirpus validus - 2 Roundstem Bulrush (3) RR Scrophularia lanceolata (1) O Scrophularia marilandica - 3 G Figwort (Figwort) (1) B j ,S Scutellaria epilobiifolia - 3 B Sculcap (Mint) (2) B j ,S Scutellaria lateriflora - 3 B Sculcap (2) CHR, A Senecio aureus - 1 Y Golden Ragworth (Composite) (2) X A, D Setaria lutescens -2,3 Foxtail (Grass) (3) X A, 1) Sctaria viridis -2,3 Foxtail (3) X D Setaria verticillata (!) O Silene stellata - 2, 3 W Starry Campion (Chickweed) (2) Shore Silphium perfoliatum - 3 Y Cup Plant (Composite) (2) R Silphium terebinthinaceum - 3 Compass Plant (2) X D Sisymbrium altissimum - 2 - 3 Y Hedgemustard (Mustard) (2) R Sisyrinchium sp. - 1 B Blue-Eyed Grass (Iris) (3) Bj,S,P j Sium Suave - 3 W Sium (Parsley) (2) O Smilacina raccmosa - 2 W False Solomon's Seal (Lily) (3) C Smilacina stcllata - 1 W Starry Solomon's Seal (2) O Smilax ecirrhata - 2 Upright Carrion Flower (Lily) (2) O Smilax lasioneura - 2 Carrion Flower (2) O Smilax tamimidcs - 2 Green Brier (2) X D Solarium dulcamara - 2, 3 B Bitter Nightshade (Nightshade) (3) A F R Solidago altissiina - 3 Y Tall Goldenrod (Composite) AF.R Solidago gigantea - 3 Y Goldenrod (3-4) A Solidago canadensis - 3 Y Goldenrod O Solidago flcxicaulis - 3 Y Zigzag Goldenrod (1) TAM Solidago patula - 3 Y (2) R,F Solidago ridellii - 3, 4 Y Ridell's Goldenrod (3) OO.CHR Solidago speciosa - 4 Y Sliowy Goldenrod (2) S,F Solidago uliginosa - 3, 4 Y Marsh Goldenrod (3) O Solidago ulmifolia - 3 Y Elm-Leaved Goldenrod (3) X D Sonchus uliginosus Sowthistle (Composite) (3) RR Sorghastrum nutans (I) River Pj Sparganium eurycarpum-1, 2 Burreed (Burreed) (2-4) R.S Spartina pectinata - 3 Cord Grass (Grass) (3) R Sphenopholis intermedia Wedge Grass (Grass) (1) F Spiranthcs cot-nun - 3 - 4 W Ladies' Stresses (Orchid) (2) R Spiraea alba Meadow Sweet (Rose) (2) RR Spiraea tomentosa (1) P, 1981 Epirodela polyrhiza D.OO Sporobolus vaginiflorus 3-4 Dropseed (Grass) (2) RR Sporobolus asper (I) PLANTS OF CHEROKEE MARSH Page 28 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming duced nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency Bj.C Stachys palustris -2,3 R Hedge Nettle (Mint) (2) X I) Stellaria media - 1, 2 W Chickweed (Chick weed) (2) (2) B1(S Stellariu Jongifolia - 2 W Chickweed OO Stipa spartea - 1 Necdlegrass (Grass) (2) Shore Symplocarpus foetidus - 1 Skunk Cabbage (Arum) (3) X Planted Syringa vulgaris - 1 Lilac (Olive) R,0 Taenidio intcgerrima - 2 Y Pimpernel (Parsley) (2) X ,D ,A Taraxacum officinale - 1 2 Y Dandelion (Composite) (4) F, R. O Thalictrum daisycarpuin - 2 G Meadow Rue (Buttercup) (3) 0 Thalictrum dioicum - 1 G Meadow Rue (2) X D Thlaapi arvense (1) 0 Tilia americana - 2 Bass wood (Basswood) (2) CHR.R Tradescantia ohiensis - B Spiderwort (Spiderwort) (2) X A Tragopogon pratensis - 2 Y Goat's Beard (Composite) (3) X A Trifolium hybridum - 2 Alsike Clover (3) X A Trifolium pratense - 2 Red Clover (Legume) (4) F Triglochin maritima 0) 0 Trillium cernuum (1) o Triosteum uuruntiacum 1 2 Horse Gentian (Honeysuckle) (3) Hill, O Triosteum perfoliatum - 1 2 Horse Gentian (1) S Typha angustifolia - 2 Narrow-Leaved Cattail (Cattail) (2) PpS Typha latifolia - 2 Cattail L>,0 Ulmus americana - 1 American Elm (Elm) O Ulmus rubra - 1 Slippery Elm (1) D Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle (Nettle) (2) F Utricularia intermedia m Utricularia minor (1) O' Uvularia granditlora - 1 Y Bell wort (Lily) (3) F Valeriana ciliata - 1 Valerian (Valerian) RARE (2) X A, D Verba scum thapsus - 2 3 Y Mullein (Figwort) (3) D Verbena bracteata - 2 P Vervain (Vervain) (2) R Verbena hastata - P 3 Vervain (2) OO Verbena stricta - 3 B Hoary Vervain (2) O Verbena urticifolia - 3 W Vervain (3) X A Veronica officinalis - 2 B Speedwell (One Patch) (Figwort) D Veronica peregrina - 1, 2 W Speedwell (2) R Vernonia fasciculata - 3 P Iron weed (Composite) (1) R.O Veronicastrum virginicum - 3W Culver's root (Figwort) (3) C.O Viburnum lent ago - 2 W Nannyberry (Honeysuckle) (3) O Viburnum rafinesquianum - 2 W Arrow-wood (1) 0 Viburnum trilobum - 2 W Highbush Cranberry (2) C Vicia americana - 2 P Vetch (Legume) (2) X A Vicia sativa - 2 P Vetch (2) X D Vicia hirsuta MESIC OAK WOODS IN CHEROKEE MARSH Checklist by Maarit H. Threlfall, 1972 Names follow Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th Edition 148 species total: 143 native, 4 introduced from Eurasia (all woody), 1 introduced from Eastern U.S.A. The 8 spp. of grass are all clump formers. * - From Eurasia. TREES Acer negundo Box-Elder Acer rubrum Red Maple Carya ovata Hickory Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Crataegus sp. Hawthorne Morus alba tatarica Mulberry Ostrya virginiana Iron Wood Populus grandidentata Big-Tooth Aspen Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen Prunus americana Wild Plum Prunus pensylvanica (SW edge) Pin-Cherry Prunus serotina Black Cherry Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry Pyrus ioensis (SW edge) Wild Crab Quercus alba White oak Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Quercus rubra Red Oak Quercus velutina Black Oak Tilia americana Bass wood Ulmus americana (couple young trees American Elm on hilltop) Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm SHRUBS and HERBS Actaea rubra Red Baneberry Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair Fem Agastache serophulariaefolium Giant Hyssop Agrimonia gryposepala Agrimony Agrimonia pubescens Allium tricoccum Wild Leek Allium canadense Wild Garlic Amphicarpa bracteata Hog Peanut Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch Juneberry Anemone quinquefolia Wood anemone Apios americana Groundnut Aquilegia canadensis Columbine Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla Aralia racemosa Spikenard Apocynum androsaemifolium Dogbane Arenaria lateriflora Sandwort Arisaema atrorubens Jack-in-the-Pulpit Asclepias exaltata Wood's Milkweed Aster sagittifolius Arrow-leaved Aster Athyrium felix-femina Lady Fern Botrychium Virginian um Grape Fern Brachyelytrum erectum (A woodland Grass) Bromus dliatus Fringed Brome Grass PLANTS OF CHKROKIili MARSH Page 29 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF PLANTS IN CHEROKEE MARSH (cont) Intro- Commu- Scientific Name, Blooming nity Time, FLW Color Common Name Family Frequency TAM Viola conspersa TAM Viola incognita F Viola nephrophylla D Viola papilionacea - 1 Common Blue Violet (2) O Viola pubescens - 1 Y Yellow Violet (Violet) (3) 0 Viola sororia - 1 Blue violet (3) CHR Viola sagittate - 1 (2) S.F Viola cucullata P2 Wolffia columbiana Watermeal (Duckweed) (2) D Xanthium sp. 3 Cocklebur (Composite) (3) Chr .O Xanthoxylum americanum - 1 Prickly Ash (Rue) (2) R Zizia aurea 1 - 2 Y Golden Alexander (Parsley) (4) Bromus latiglumis Late Woodland Brome Grass Bromus purgans Early Woodland Brome Grass Car ex blanda Sedge Car ex cephalophora Sedge Car ex convoluta Sedge Car ex normalis Sedge Car ex pensylvanica Sedge Carex sprengelii Sedge Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh Celastrus scandens Bittersweet Cinna arundinaceae Wood Reed (grass) Circaea quadrisulcata Enchanter's Nightshade Cirsium altissima Wood's Thistle Claytonia virginica (one patch) Spring Beauty Comus amomum (garden escape) Silky Dogwood (top of hill) Comus altemifolia Alternate-leaved Dogwood Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood Cornus rugosa Round-leaved Dogwood Cornus stolonifera Red Osier Dogwood Corylus americana Hazelnut Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum Smaller Yellow Ladyslipper (SW edge; one plant) Crypto taenia canadensis Honewort Dentaria laciniata (Lots!) Toothwort Desmodium glutinosum Tick-trefoil Dioscorea villosa Wild Yam Dodecatheon media (edges) Shooting Star Dryopteris spinulosa Florist Fern Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Eupatorium purpureum Wood's Joe-Pye-Weed *Euonymus alatus (one plant) Winged Spindle Bush Festuca obtusa Wood's Fescue Grass Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw Galium circaezans Wild Licorice Galium concinnum Elegant Bedstraw Galium triflomm Sweet-scented Bedstraw Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium Geum canadense Avens Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Heliantus strumosus Rough-leaved Sunflower Heracleum maximum Cow parsnip Hystrix patula Bottle-brush Grass Ilex verticillata American Holly Juncus tenuis (path) Yard Rush Lactuca biennis Wild Lettuce Laportea canadense (NW corner) Wood's netde Maianthemum canadense (NW corner) Canada Mayflower Monotropa uniflora Indian Pipe *Lonicera tatarica (edge) Tatarian Honeysuckle Lonicera prolifera Climbing Honeysuckle Orchis spectabilis (edge) Showy Orchis Osmorhiza claytoni Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza longistyiis Anise-root Panax quinquefolius Ginseng Panicum latifolium Panic Grass Bromus latiglumis Late Woodland Brome Grass Bromus purgans Early Woodland Brome Grass Carex blanda Sedge Car ex cephalophora Sedge Carex convoluta Sedge Carex normal is Sedge Carex pensylvanica Sedge Carex sprengelii Sedge Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh Celastrus scandens Bittersweet Cinna arundinaceae Wood Reed (grass) Circaea quadrisulcata Enchanter's Nightshade Cirsium altissima Wood's Thisde Claytonia virginica (one patch) Spring Beauty Cornus amomum (garden escape) Silky Dogwood (top of hill) Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved Dogwood Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood Comus rugosa Round-leaved Dogwood Cornus stoionifera Red Osier Dogwood Corylus americana Hazelnut Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum Smaller Yellow Ladyslipper (SW edge; one plant) Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort Dentaria Iaciniata (Lots!) Toothwort Desmodium glutinosum Tick-trefoil Dioscorea villosa Wild Yam Dodecatheon media (edges) Shooting Star Dryopteris spinulosa Florist Fern Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Eupatorium purpureum Wood's Joe-Pye-Weed •Euonymus alatus (one plant) Winged Spindle Bush Festuca obtusa Wood's Fescue Grass Galium aparine Annual Bedstraw Galium circaezans Wild Licorice Galium concinnum Elegant Bedstraw Galium triflorum Sweet-scented Bedstraw Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium Geum canadense Avens Hackelia virginiana Stickseed Heliantus strumosus Rough-leaved Sunflower Heracleum maximum Cow parsnip Hystrix patula Bottle-brush Grass Ilex verticillata American Holly Juncus tenuis (path) Yard Rush Lactuca biennis Wild Lettuce Laportea canadense (NW comer) Wood's netUe Maianthemum canadense (NW comer) Canada Mayflower Monotropa uniflora Indian Pipe * Lonicera tatarica (edge) Tatarian Honeysuckle Lonicera prolifera Climbing Honeysuckle Orchis spectabilis (edge) Showy Orchis Osmorhiza claytoni Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza longistylis Anise-root Panax quinquefolius Ginseng Panicum latifolium Panic Grass Parietaria pensylvanica Pellitory Parthenocissus inserta Woodbine Phryma leptostachya Lopseed Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark Podophyllum peltatum May Apple Polemonium reptans Jacob's Ladder Pteretis pensylvanica Ostrich Fern Prenanthes alba Lion's Foot Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern Pyrola elliptica Shinleaf Ranunculus septcntrionalis Northern Buttercup Ranunculus abortivus Small-flowered Buttercup Ranunculus recurvatum Hooked Buttercup Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant Ribes missouriensis Gooseberry Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry Rubus sp. Blackberry •Ramnus cathartica (DNR) Buckthorn Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Sanguinaria canadensis Blood root Sanicula marilandica Black Snakeroot Sanicula gregaria Black Snakeroot Scrophularia marilandica Figwort Silene stellata Starry Campion Solidago altissima Tall Goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis Zig Zag Goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia Elm-Leaved Goldenrod Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal Smilax echirrata Carrion Flower Smilax lasioneura Smilax tamnoides Green Brier Thalictrum dioicum Early Meadow-Rue Thalictrum daisy carp um Tall Meadow-Rue Trillium cernuum Nodding Trillium Triosteum aurantiacum Horse Gentian or Feverwort THosteum perfoliatum (near outhouses Horse Gentian . on hill) Uvularia grandiflora Bellwort Verbena urticaefolia Vervain Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum rafinesquianum Arrow-wood Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Vitis riparia River Grape Viola pubescens Yellow Violet Viola sororia Blue Violet Xanthoxylum americanum Prickly Ash (one patch on top of hill) PRAIRIE RELICS (Only a few individuals; All disappeared bv 1977) Monarda fistulosa (N end) Wild Bergamot Taenidia integerrima (N end) Yellow Pimpernel Lathyrus venosus (SE slope) Veiny Pea Oxalis violaceae (N end) Violet Wood Sorrel OmU Maarit H. Threlfall 1979 Wet prairie in Cherokee Marsh , Dane county, Wis. EARLY (MAY-JUNE) BLOOMING FORBS F= in flower on May 27, 1979 S= in seed on Hay 27, 1979 Geranium maculatum (little) Achillea millefolium Millfoil Anemone quinquefolia (little) Wood anemone Antennaria sp. Pussytoes Arenaria lateriflora Woodcress Baptiaia leucantha (2 plants in early '70 now smothered bv reed canary) Cardamine bulbosa (little) Marsh cress Carex buxbaumii Carex cephalophora (little) Carex conoidea Carex bicknellii MRt'/f. l- Comandra richardsiana Toadflax y * - Introduced weedy species V - "White Lady Slipper1 " fen SE of S - Fen at end of School Road "Cherry Island? B - "Big" fen East of sodfields P - "Pitcher Plant" fen SE of sodfields