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Section 02270 Slope Protection Part 1

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Section 02270 Slope Protection Part 1 SECTION 02270 SLOPE PROTECTION PART 1 - SCOPE This section of the specifications will govern the furnish- ing of all labor, equipment, appliances, materials and all incidental and appurtenant operations necessary to place a protective covering of erosion-resistant material on the slopes of embankments, dikes, or streambanks, at culvert inlets and outlets, on bottoms and side slopes of channels, at abutment wings, at structure foundations, at other loca- tions shown on the plans, or as directed by the Engineer. The work shall be done in accordance with these specifica- tions and applicable special provisions and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. The types of slope protection included in this specification are: 1.01 Dumped Riprap, or Riprap Dumped riprap, or riprap, consists of stone or broken con- crete dumped in place on a filter blanket or prepared slope to form a well-graded mass with a minimum of voids. 1.02 Gabions Gabions consist of mats or baskets fabricated from wire mesh, filled with stone, connected together and anchored to the slope. Details of construction may differ depending upon the degree of exposure and the service, whether used for revetment or used as a toe protection for other types of slope protection. 1.03 Grouted Riprap Grouted riprap consists of riprap with all or part of the interstices filled with portland cement mortar. 1.04 Concrete-Slab Riprap, or Slope Paving Concrete-slab riprap, or slope paving, consists of concrete, plain or reinforced, cast in place or precast concrete blocks. 1.05 Aggregate Filter Blanket A filter blanket consists of one or more layers of graded material placed on the underlying bank before placing the riprap in order to prevent the bank material from passing through the riprap protection. The thickness and gradation 02270 - 2 of filter blanket will be shown on the plans. 1.06 Filter Fabric Filter fabric consists of a pervious plastic filter cloth meant to provide the same separation of bank material and riprap protection as an aggregate filter blanket. PART 2 - MATERIALS This part of the specifications deals with the quality and type of certain construction materials to be used in connec- tion with the work, and the methods of determining their fitness for use in the project. The Engineer is authorized to reject any materials which do not comply with the speci- fications and test herein established, or which do not comply with commonly accepted standards of quality whether or not included in these specifications. Any materials rejected by the Engineer shall be promptly removed from the project by the Contractor and at no additional cost to the Owner. 2.01 Dumped Riprap, or Riprap Stone used for dumped riprap shall be hard, durable cold- stone or rough, unhewn quarrystone, angular in shape; resis- tant to weathering and to wave action; free from overburden, spoil, shale and organic material; and shall meet the grada- tion requirements specified. Neither breadth nor thickness of a single stone should be less than one-third its length. Rounded stone cobbles or boulders will not be accepted unless authorized by special provision. Broken concrete may be substituted for stone when authorized by special provi- sion. Shale and stone with shale seams are not acceptable. The stone shall have a specific gravity (bulk-saturated- surface-dry basis, AASHTO Test T-85) of at least 2.4. The sources from which the stone will be obtained shall be selected well in advance of the time when the stone will be required in the work. The acceptability of the stone will be determined by service records and/or by suitable tests. If testing is required, suitable samples of stone shall be taken in the presence of the Engineer at least 25 days in advance of the time when the placing of riprap is expected to begin. The approval of some rock fragments from a par- ticular quarry site shall not be construed as constituting the approval of all rock fragments taken from that quarry. In the absence of service records, resistance to disintegra- tion from the type of exposure to which the stone will be subjected will be determined by any or all of the following 02270 - 3 tests as stated in the special provisions: A. When the riprap must withstand abrasive action from material transported by the stream, the abrasion test in the Los Angeles machine (AASHTO Test T-96) is used, the stone shall have a percentage loss of not more than 40 after 500 revolutions. B. In locations not subject to freezing or where the stone is exposed to salt water, the sulfate soundness test (AASHTO Test T-104) for ledge rock using sodium sul- phate) shall be used. Stones shall have a loss not exceeding ten percent with the sulfate test after five cycles. C. When the freezing and thawing test (AASHTO Test T-103) for ledge rock procedure A) is used as a guide to resistance to weathering, the stone shall have a loss not exceeding ten percent after twelve cycles of freez- ing and thawing. Stone shall be free from over burden, spoil, shale, and organic material and shall meet the following gradation requirements: % of Material Smaller than Typical Stone Typical Stone Riprap Stone Size 2 3 4 d501 (inches) Typical Stone Dimensions (inches) Weight ( Pounds) 70-100 12 85 50-70 9 35 35-50 6 10 6 2-10 2 0.4 70-100 15 160 50-70 12 85 35-50 9 35 9 2-10 3 1.3 70-100 21 440 50-70 18 275 35-50 12 85 12 2-10 4 3 100 30 1280 50-70 24 650 35-50 18 275 18 2-10 6 10 100 42 3500 50-70 33 1700 35-50 24 650 24 2-10 9 35 02270 - 4 1. Nominal size stone 2. Based on typical rock mass 3. Equivalent spheical diameter 4. Specific gravity of 2.5 Each load of riprap shall be reasonably well graded from the smallest to the maximum size specified. Stones smaller than the specified ten percent size and spalls will not be per- mitted in an amount exceeding ten percent by weight of each load. Control of gradation will be by visual inspection. The Contractor shall provide, unless exempted under the special conditions, two samples of rock of at least five tons each, meeting the gradation for the class specified. One sample at the construction site may be a part of the finished riprap covering. The other sample shall be provided at the quarry. These samples shall b used as a frequent reference for judging the gradation of the riprap supplied. Any difference of opinion between the Engineer and the Contrac- tor shall be resolved by dumping and checking the gradation of two random truckloads of stone. Mechanical equipment, a sorting site, and labor needed to assist in checking grada- tion shall be provided by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Owner. 2.02 Gabions and Slope Mattresses Stone used for gabion shall meet the requirements of Section 2.1, except for size and gradation of stone, and as provided hereafter. Stone used shall be well graded within the sizes available and 90 percent, by weight, shall exceed in least dimension the wire mesh opening. The maximum size of stone shall not exceed the minimum basket dimension. Rounded stone, cobbles and boulders will not be accepted for gabion fill. All wire used in the manufacture and assembly of the mesh shall equal or exceed Federal Specification QQ-W-461G, Wire, Steel, Carbon (Round, Bare and Coated) including the follow- ing specific requirements; finish 5, class 3 weight of zinc coating. Wire mesh for Gabions (cage thickness 12" and greater) shall be 11 gauge (U.S.), soft temper. Wire mesh for Slope Mattress (cage thickness up to 10") shall be 14 gauge (U.S.), soft temper. 02270 - 5 Tie and connecting wire shall be supplied for securely fastening all edges of the gabions and diaphragms. Gabions shall be provided with 4 cross connecting wires in each cell ½ unit high and 8 in each cell one unit high. Gabions shall also have inner tie wires connecting the front face to the rear face at approximate spacing of 12" in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Tie wire shall meet the same speci- fications for wire used in the mesh except that tie wire for gabion cages shall not be more than 2 gauges lighter. All wire used, including tie and connecting wire, shall be certified by mill test report(s) showing compliance with specifications requirements. Mesh Openings - The longer dimension of the mesh openings for gabions and slope mattresses shall be as shown on plans. Wire Mesh - Wire mesh shall be woven in such a manner as to be non-raveling and have elasticity. Edge Wire Connection - The edge wire connection for both gabions and slope mattresses shall be strong enough so that when tested the first wire break shall occur in the wire mesh. Selvedge - The selvedge on each sheet of mesh for both gabions and slope mattresses shall be galvanized steel wire (as described above) 2 gauges heavier than that used in the body of the mesh. For gabions, it shall be attached to the wire mesh strong enough so that when tested, no wire shall break until the loading on the table below has been reached. For slope mattresses, the first wire shall break in the wire mesh. Field Connections - The field connections between adjacent wire baskets shall be made as recommended by the manufactur- er and shall develop a connection strong enough that the failure under test shall occur in the mesh rather than in the lacing.
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