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Politische Bildung Citizenship Education in Germany from Marginalization to New Challenges

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Politische Bildung Citizenship Education in Germany from Marginalization to New Challenges Country Report 118 Politische Bildung Citizenship Education in Germany from marginalization to new challenges Steve Kenner Leibniz University Hannover Keywords: (iti)en!*i% education, !c*ool develo%ment, democrac-, %artici%ation - .nal-!i! of different conce%t! and t*e /a!ic %rinci%le! of citi)en!*i% education in 0erman- - 1e!ult! fo a 2ualit- re!earc* on t*e con!titutional !tatus of citi)en!*i% education - Dea/te a/out citi)en!*i% education and neutralit- - 3ar4inali)ation of citi)en!*i% education a! a %ro/lem in !c*ool! - (*allen4e! for citi)en!*i% education: inclusion, %arti)i%ation, di4itali)ation Purpose: 6*e ai, of t*i! %a%er i! to de!cri/e t*e !tate of current citi)en!*i% education in 0erman- 7it* t*e focus on education in !c*ool!. 6*e ter, 8education9 in t*i! %a%er refer! to t*e conce%t of Bildun4. It not onl- de!cri/e! *o7 to teac*, /ut al!o t*e a/ilit- of !elf-determination of t*e individual. Methodology: 6*e main focus of t*i! article i! to di!cu!! t*e current !tate of citi)en!*i% education in 0erman- 7*ile ta;in4 into account various ,et*odolo4ie!. .,on4!t t*e!e are findin4! of 2ualitative !tudie!, 7*ic* for e<a,%le relate to t*e le4al anc*orin4 of citi)en!*i% education or to %olitical action a! a learnin4 o%%ortunit-. In addition, a co,%re*en!ive anal-!i! of t*e !tate=of=t*e=art re!earc* on t*e /a!ic %rinci%le! of citi)en!*i% education i! %rovided. Finall-, current c*allen4e! are di!cus!ed, ta;in4 into con!ideration e<i!tin4 !ocio"%olitical di!cour!e!, !uc* a! t*e 2ue!tion of neutralit-. indings: 6*e article !*o7! t*at t*e relevance of citi)en!*i% education i! increa!in4, al!o in re4ard to current !ocio"%olitical %*enomena, !uc* a! t*e 4ro7t* of ri4*t"7in4 %o%uli!, and di4itali)ation. .t t*e !a,e time, t*e re!ult! indicate t*at in various federal !tate! t*e !ub ect i! mar4inali)ed and t*reatened /- current de/ate! a/out t*e alle4ed JSSE neutralit- of citi)en!*i% education. Journal of Social Science ! "#$%&'(C$"&# Education Vol. 19, No. 1 (2020) De,ocrac- i! t*e onl- !tate-con!tituted !ocial order t*at need! to /e learned a4ain and DOI 10.4119/ !!e-161$ a4ain. 6*i! a%%lie! not onl- to c*ildren /ut al!o to adole!cent!, -oun4 adult! and elderl- %%. 118-135 Corresponding author: Ste+e ?enner, In!titute for Didactic! of De,ocrac- (IDD) / (enter for Inclu!i+e (iti)en!*i% (CIN() /oth at @ei/ni) Ani+er!ity Banno+er, (allin!tr. 20, 30167 Banno+er, 0er,an-, E,ail: ;ennerDcinc.uni"*anno+er.de Politische Bildung 119 indi+idual! (cf. Ne4t 201$, %. 21). Democrac- *a! to /e learned continuou!l-. Bo7e+er, t*i! doe! not i,%l- acce%tin4 t*e e<i!tin4 %olitical !-!te, 7it* it! current !ocio"%olitical relation! of %o7er and aut*orit-. In!tead, t*i! under!tandin4 of citi)en!*i% education i! /a!ed on t*e conce%t of maturit- E3ündi4;eitG of 6*eodor H. .dorno. Be e,%*a!i)ed t*at t*e 4oal of education EBildun4G i! maturit- and doe! not !to% at %roducin4 I7ell-ad usted %eo%leJ (.dorno, 19C1/19##, %. 109). .imin4 for a mature citi)en doe! not nece!!aril- entail %roducin4 a %oliticall- active citi)en. .lt*oug* ever-one i! e2uall- entitled to %artici%ate, it i! u% to t*e individual *o7 t*e- ma;e use of it. Bo7ever, *i! deci!ion not onl- re2uire! t*e ri4*t to %artici%ate /ut al!o t*e a/ilit- to %artici%ate. Bence, t*e 0erman re!earc*er Si/-lle 1ein*ardt de!cri/e! citi)en!*i% education a! %art of relevant 4eneral education 7*ic* must not /e c*aracteri!ed /- privater Beliebigkeit (%rivate ar/itrarine!!) (1ein*ardt, 201$, %. 1#). .! a con!e2uence, citi)en!*i% education i! of %rime i,%ortance in t*e 0erman education !-!tem. Even t*ou4* e<tracurricular citi)en!*i% education al!o %la-! a central role, t*i! article 7ill focus on !c*ool a! a %lace of learnin4 democrac- (?enner K Lan4e , 2019). 6*e !econd c*a%ter 7ill clarif- t*e ;e- ter,!. Bere, citi)en!*i% education i! cla!!ified in re4ard to t*e various field! of activit- (!c*ool !u/ ect, t*e ta!; of all !c*ool !u/ ect!, and !c*ool %rinci%le) (c*a%ter 2). 6*en, current de/ate! on t*e /a!ic %rinci%le! of !ucce!!ful citi)en!*i% education (c*a%ter &) 7ill /e !ummari)ed. (*a%ter 4 %rovide! an outline of t*e !i4nificance of citi)en!*i% education in 0erman- in re4ard to it! con!titutional 4roundin4. Sub!e2uentl-, t*e current !ocio"%oliticall- virulent 2ue!tion 7ill /e rai!ed5 H*at I! (iti)en!*i% Education .llo7ed to DoL (c*a%ter ') (*a%ter! one to five de!cri/e t*e nece!!it- of 4ood and co,%re*en!ive !c*ool" /a!ed citi)en!*i% education. (*a%ter # outline! t*e mar4inali)ation of citi)en!*i% education in t*e !tudent!M timeta/le! /a!ed on t*e late!t e,%irical findin4! concernin4 t*e !i4nificance of t*e !u/ ect. :- 7a- of e<a,%le, t*e c*a%ter al!o !*o7! t*at citi)en!*i% education a! a !c*ool !u/ ect in 0erman- i! in con!tant co,%etition 7it* ot*er no+el !u/ ect! !uc* a! et*ic! and economic!. Finall-, current c*allen4e! for citi)en!*i% education in 0erman- are identified and reflected u%on (c*a%ter C). 6*e follo7in4 2ue!tion! are *i4*li4*ted5 IH*at demand! are %laced on inclusive citi)en!*i% education in t*e mi4ration !ociet-LN (c*a%ter C.1), I6o 7*at e<tent can citi)en!*i% education ta;e u% %olitical %artici%ation a! a learnin4 o%%ortunit-LN, al!o in re4ard to t*e 4ro7in4 -out* ,ove,ent! (e.g. Frida-! for Future) (c*a%ter C.2), and IBo7 doe! citi)en!*i% education ada%t to di4ital c*an4eLN (c*a%ter C.&). 6o cla!!if- t*i! countr- re%ort, it i! nece!!ar- to %oint out t*at in t*e Federal 1e%u/lic of 0erman-, around '0 re!earc* in!titution! or c*air! for politische Bildung (%olitical education) are anc*ored at univer!itie! 7*ic* i! %ro/a/l- a uni2ue c*aracteri!tic t*rou4*out Euro%e. 6*i! field of re!earc* i! *etero4eneous and %ur!ue! different a%%roac*e!. 6*i! article i! mainl- !*a%ed /- ,et*odolo4ie! fro, kritische politische Bildung (critical %olitical education, !ee c*a%ter &), t*e 7or; at t*e Institut für Didaktik der De okratie (In!titute of Didactic! of De,ocrac-) and t*e (enter for Inclusive (iti)en!*i% ((IN() /ot* at Lei/ni) Aniver!it- of Banno+er. One of t*e c*allen4e! %olitical educator! are facin4 in 0erman- i! t*e diver!it- of t*i! di!ci%line. variet- of ter,! and conce%t! circulate 7it*in t*e field of re!earc* and %ractice of citi)en!*i% education. 6*us, an atte,%t 7ill /e made to outline t*ree a%%roac*e! t*at are currentl- di!cus!ed inten!ivel-. ) C"$"*E#S+"P E'(C,$"&# – M,#. C&#CEP$S/ &#E ,"M0 (iti)en!*i% education de!cri/e! an inte4rative %roce!! of education to maturit- E3ündi4;eitG 7*ic* emanate! fro, t*e !u/ ect and i! /a!ed on /a!ic democratic value! !uc* a! freedo,, e2ualit-, ustice, and !olidarit-. In t*e academic di!cour!e, various definition! and conce%t! in t*e field of citi)en!*i% education are continuousl- di!cus!ed contro+er!iall-. 6*i! c*a%ter 7ill not focus on different terminolo4-, /ut rat*er on different conce%t! t*at e<i!t for ac*ievin4 a Politische Bildung 120 common educational 4oal. Hit* !olitische Bildung (Oolitical Education) and Demokratiep"dagogik (Democrac- Oeda4o4-), t7o different a%%roac*e! *a+e /een e!ta/li!*ed in 0erman- (cf. Oo*l, 2009), 7*ic* differ %articularl- in re4ard to education in !c*ool!. In t*e follo7in4, an atte,%t 7ill /e made to unite t*e!e t7o contro+er!ial %er!%ective! under t*e umbrella of citi)en!*i% education in an under!tandin4 of !c*ool! a! %lace! of @earnin4 for Democrac- (?enner K Lan4e, 2019). 6*e %oint of reference for citi)en!*i% education i! not onl- t*e e<i!tin4 democratic !-!te,, /ut t*e citi)en!M a/ilit- to !ee t*roug* t*e 4iven order, !tandard! and nor,!, to reflect, to c*an4e, to critici)e, and to !*a%e it in 7a-! t*at t*e- con!ider ade2uate. 6*erefore, citi)en!*i% education can not /e affirmative - it inevita/l- *a! to /e critical. (cf. i/id) 6o ac*ieve t*i! 4oal, it i! %o!!i/le to rel- on t*e /a!ic %rinci%le!, e!ta/li!*ed t*roug* decade! of re!earc* in t*e field of %olitical education.
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