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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopian Electric Power Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopian Electric Power STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADDIS ABABA TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM REHABILITATION AND UPGRADING PROJECT IN THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT (FINAL) NEWJEC Inc. Japan International ESSD Consultancy Osaka, Japan Cooperation Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Agency October 2018 NEWJEC Inc. & ESSD Consultancy Study on Environmental and Social Considerations for ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER Addis Ababa Transmission and Distribution System Survey Environmental and Social Impact Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project Assessment Study Report Table of Contents List of Abreviations ...................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Project .............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Scope of the Project .................................................................................................... 2 1.4 ESIA Team .................................................................................................................. 2 2. Objectives, Scope and Methodology .................................................................... 3 2.1 Objectives and Scope of the ESIA Study ..................................................................... 3 2.2 Approach and Methodology ......................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.2 Screening and Scoping Process .................................................................................. 4 2.2.3 Stakeholder and Public Consultation ........................................................................... 4 2.2.4 Impact Identification and Evaluation ............................................................................ 5 2.2.5 Impact Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 6 2.2.6 Management and Monitoring ....................................................................................... 6 2.2.7 Reporting ..................................................................................................................... 6 3. Relevant Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework ............................................. 7 3.1 Relevant National Policies ........................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 The Constitution of FDRE ............................................................................................ 7 3.1.2 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) ................................................................ 8 3.1.3 Health Policy of Ethiopia .............................................................................................. 8 3.1.4 National HIV/AIDS Policy ............................................................................................. 9 3.1.5 National Policy on Women ........................................................................................... 9 3.1.6 Energy Policy of Ethiopia ............................................................................................. 9 3.2 Environmental Framework Legislations ....................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Proclamation on Institutional Arrangement for Environmental Protection ..................... 9 NEWJEC Inc. & ESSD Consultancy ii Study on Environmental and Social Considerations for ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER Addis Ababa Transmission and Distribution System Survey Environmental and Social Impact Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project Assessment Study Report 3.2.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment .................................................. 10 3.2.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ....................................................... 10 3.2.4 Proclamation on Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization ............................ 11 3.2.5 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings and Payment of Compensation ........ 11 3.2.6 Proclamation on Solid Waste Management ................................................................ 12 3.2.7 Proclamation on Energy ............................................................................................. 12 3.2.8 Regulations on Electricity Operations ......................................................................... 13 3.2.9 Regulations on Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes ........................................................................................... 14 3.2.10 Addis Ababa City Administration Directive on Compensation of Assets and Replacement of Land for Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes .................................................. 14 3.3 Relevant Guidelines ................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 EIA Directive ............................................................................................................... 15 3.3.2 EPA’s EIA Guidelines ................................................................................................. 16 3.3.3 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations ................................... 16 3.3.4 Directive on Clearance of Overhead Electric Lines and Quality of Supply................... 17 3.4 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Federal and Regional States ...................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change .......................................... 18 3.4.3 Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity .................................................................. 18 3.4.4 Addis Ababa City Administration Environmental Protection Authority ......................... 19 3.4.5 Addis Ababa City Administration Land Development and Urban Renewal Agency .... 20 4. Description of the Project .................................................................................... 21 4.1 Transmission Lines ..................................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Overhead Transmission Line (132 kV) ........................................................................ 21 4.1.2 Underground Cable Transmission Line (132 kV) ........................................................ 21 4.2 Substation facilities ..................................................................................................... 21 4.3 Distribution Network .................................................................................................. 22 NEWJEC Inc. & ESSD Consultancy iii Study on Environmental and Social Considerations for ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER Addis Ababa Transmission and Distribution System Survey Environmental and Social Impact Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project Assessment Study Report 5. Description of Baseline Conditions ..................................................................... 24 5.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................................ 24 5.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................... 24 5.1.2 Geology and Soils ..................................................................................................... 24 5.1.3 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................... 24 5.1.4 Drainage, Water Resources and Water Pollution ....................................................... 25 5.1.5 Air Quality .................................................................................................................. 26 5.1.6 Land Use/Land Cover ................................................................................................ 27 5.2 Biological Environment .............................................................................................. 28 5.2.1 Vegetation and Flora ................................................................................................. 28 5.2.2 Habitats and Fauna ................................................................................................... 29 5.2.3 Protected Areas ......................................................................................................... 30 5.3 Socio-economic Environment .................................................................................... 33 5.3.1 Background of Addis Ababa City ............................................................................... 33 5.3.2 Background of Project Affected Sub-Cities and Woredas .......................................... 36 5.3.3
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