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SPOT REAGENT (1% CINNAMALDEHYDE) - For in vitro use only - Catalogue No. RI40

Our Indole Spot Reagent is used to detect the 3. vulgaris (+), P. inconstans (+), P. presence of indole, which is one of the degradation rettgeri (+) from other Proteus spp. (-) products of the bacterial metabolism of 4. (+), K. ornithinolytica (+) . from other Klebsiella spp. (usually -) Tryptophan is an amino acid that can be Other uses: oxidized by some to form three major end 1. Along with other tests ( and ornithine) products: indole, , and ammonia. subdivides and Detection of indole indicates tryptophan Haemophilus parainfluenzae into biotypes degradation and can be accomplished by the 2. Along with sialidase, α and β-glucosidase, addition of certain aldehydes to form colored end α-fructosidase, differentiates between products. Indole Reagent contains the active black-pigmented anaerobes: Porphyromonas ingredient, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde asaccharolyticus (+), P. endodontalis (+), P. (PACA), which reacts with indole to form a gingivalis (+), and Prevotella intermedia (+) blue-green compound. Other available reagents from Prevetolla corporis (-), P. denticola (-), for the detection of indole include Ehrlich’s P. loesheii (-), P. melaninogenica (-), and reagent and Kovac’s Reagent (Dalynn RK75) both Porphyromonas levii (-) of which contain the aldehyde p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde. Comparatively, Indole Reagent (PACA) is the most sensitive Formulation per 100 mL reagent and can detect as little as 3.0 µg of indole per mL. p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde ...... 1.0 g Indole Reagent is the reagent of choice for Hydrochloric Acid (10%) ...... 100.0 mL performing the spot indole test. The spot indole test is a rapid procedure designed by Vracko and Sherris. It can be used to presumptively Recommended Procedure (Spot Test) characterize , and to differentiate swarming Proteus species. It has also been found 1. Place a piece of filter paper (Whatman no.1) useful for examining anaerobic organisms. More into a sterile petri dish. specifically it can be used: 2. Saturate the filter paper with Indole Reagent. 3. From an overnight culture grown on a To aid in differentiation between genera: tryptophan-containing (i.e. TSA 1. Separate Escherichia coli (+) from members with or without blood) select well-isolated of Klebsiella (V-), Enterobacter (V-), Hafnia colonies for testing. (-), (V-), and Pantoea (-) 4. Using a sterile loop or wooden applicator, rub a portion of the colony onto the filter paper. If To aid in differentiation between species: a large filter paper is used, many tests may be 1. Paenibacillus alvei (+) from other performed on a single filter paper. spp. (-) 5. Observe and document any color changes that 2. E. coli (+), E. fergusonii (+), E. hermanii (+), occur within 30 seconds. from E. vulneris (-), E. blattae (-) Interpretation of Results Quality Control

Positive: Blue to blue-green color (within 30s) Organism Expected Results

Negative: Colorless or light pink Escherichia coli +ve Blue-green ATCC 25922 color -ve No color • Do not use media that contain an indicator aeruginosa change such as MacConkey or EMB since the dye may ATCC 27853 obscure results

• Do not use Mueller-Hinton agar since acid Storage and Shelf Life hydrolysis of casein causes destruction of tryptophan Our Indole Reagent should be stored at 4 °C to 8 °C and protected from light. Under these • Do not use glucose-containing media since the conditions, it has a shelf life of 26 weeks from presence of glucose and the acid produced the date of manufacture. from fermentation will inhibit indole production References • For a mixed culture, ensure that the colonies being tested are at least 5 mm from other 1. Vracko R, Sherris JC. Indole-spot test in surrounding colonies since indole is a bacteriology. Am J Clin Pathol 1963; diffusible product 39:429-32. 2. Sutter VL, Carter WT. Evaluation of media • Some organisms form indole but break it down and reagents for indole-spot test in anaerobic as rapidly as it is produced and therefore bacteriology. Am J Clin Pathol 1972; false-negative reactions may occur. This 58:335-8. mainly occurs with some Clostridium species 3. Fay GD, Barry AL. Methods for detecting indole production by gram-negative • Weakly indole-positive organisms such as nonsporeforming anaerobes. Appl Micro Cardiobacterium hominis and Suttonella 1974; 27:562-5. indologenes cannot be tested using the rapid 4. Welch DF, Ahlin PA, Matsen JM. spot test. These organisms must be tested Differentiation of Haemophilus spp. in using the xylene extraction procedure respiratory isolate cultures by an indole spot test. J Clin Micro 1982; 15:216-219. • The tube method with xylene extraction is the 5. Sutter VL, Citron DM, Edelstein MAC et al. most sensitive indole test Wadsworth anaerobic bacteriology manual. 4th ed. Belmont: Star, 1985. • Kovac’s Reagent can also be used for the spot 6. Balows A, Hausler WJ, Hermann KL et al. test but is less sensitive Manual of clinical microbiology. 5th ed. Washington, DC: ASM, 1991. 7. Isenberg HD, Ed. Clinical microbiology procedures handbook, Vol 1. Washington, DC: ASM, 1992.

8. Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. Bailey and Scott’s . 10th ed. St Louis: Mosby, 1998. 9. MacFaddin JF. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. 3 rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.

Original: January 2002 Revised / Reviewed: October 2014