DOCSLIB.ORG

Ocean Forecasting Information and Its Social Benefits in China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ocean Forecasting Information and Its Social Benefits in China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center (NMEFC) CHINA Ocean forecasting information and its social benefits in China Liying Wan and Xiaolei Yi 1 Structure of Chinese Forecast Organization National • National Marine Environmental forecasting Center Center Regional • North Marine Environmental forecasting Center • East Marine Environmental forecasting Center Center • South Marine Environmental forecasting Center • Liaoning Province • Heibei Center • Sandong • more than 11 province • Dalian • Qinhuangdao City Center • Yantai • more than 20 cities Outline n Introduction of NMEFC n Status of marine forecasting and pre-warning n Cases of Social benefits n Summary and future 3 Overview • NMEFC, Chinese national center for ocean forecasting • Affiliated with the Ministry of Natural Resouces that receives financial support from the Chinese government • Over 300 scientists and engineerings • Authorized by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee of Physical Oceanography and Meteorology to grant Master’s degrees • Leading authority that specializes in marine environmental and disaster forecasting and warning systems, scientific research, and consulting services • Actively engaged in partnerships with international scientists and agencies Marine Hazards warning Division Marine Environmental Forecasting Division Numerical Forecasting Division Operation Marine Weather Forecasting Division C Climate Prediction Division F E M Polar Environment Forecasting Division N Network and Computing Service Division Production & Marine Information Management Division Service Public Production Services Division Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Research & Hazards Forecasting, SOA Development 5 Established release forecasts to Marine weather and IOC/UNESCO as the wave Renamed public by radio and TV Tsunami Marine forecast(China sea) as the El Niño forecast Warning South China Sea ice forecast(Bo numerical temperature- Center of SOA Sea Tsunami Hydro- hai sea) National salinity-currents and Chinese Global Advisory meteorologi Tropical cyclone Marine ocean wave forecasting Operational storm surge systems for the China Center cal forecast Oceanography Environme Sea and Northwest Forecasting (SCSTAC) Forecasting Extra-tropical storm Pacific Ocean surge forecast ntal System(CGOF starts to be General red tides forecast Sea temperature Forecastin tour and beach S) trial- Observatory forecast (East environment forecast China sea) g Center operational tsunami forecast 1965 1966-1976 1983 1986-2010 2013 2018 History Real-time data receiving system 平潭站 云澳站 Coastal observing stations more than 20 key marine stations, including 109 observing points (till now): Temperature, Salinity, Tide, Wave, Wind, Marine chemistry… 遮浪站 嵊山站 大型浮标 Buoys 25 large-size buoys for meteorology and wave height, temp., 2 offshore small-size buoys； 2 Deep-sea Moorings； 成山头站 岱山站 4 offshore bottom-mounted moorings； 2 tsunami buoys. Radars 海啸浮标 5 Ground wave Radar for current, wave field; 2 X-band Marine Radar for wave field; 1 Radar Ice Sounder for Sea ice regime, thickness. International sources GTS 流速、流向 Agro 雷7 达站 … High Performance Computation Systems Sunway Cluster IBM Cluster Peak Performance ~ 350 TFlops Online Storage ~ 400 TB Supporting ~ 100 numerical forecast systems 8 Video Consultation system in China To keep the operational video consultation Provide the guide of diffirent video consultation setup Provide the skill training More than 300 times video conference Covered all the coastal region Release to public Operating maintenance a lot of News Clients,like Daily Headlines, Webchat and so on. Ø more than 430 papers and videos; Ø more than 2 milions pageviews of Daily Headlines，3 millions pageviews of Netease News; Ø more than 200 thousands pageviews of top news; Ø more than 180 thousands of top video. Release to public Central Media 7 programs in CCTV, CCTV CETV, Phoenix China National Radio Satellite TV and the China Radio International Travel Channel Outline n Introduction of NMEFC n Status of marine forecasting and pre-warning n Cases of Social benefits n Summary and future 12 storm surge huge wave temperature current marine tsunami Environmental sea forecast storm surge ice marine disaster pre- wave warning products red tide oil spill marine tsunami 海冰 weather sea ice emergency forecast oil spill current Touring search and rescue We hope we could Integrated systems Refined techniques from global to coast high resolution, more 01 02 accuracy Diversificated elements Customized services temerature, salinity, wave 03 04 optimal ship route, hight, eddy,mix layer optimal work window thickness and so on 1. 预报系统一体化 Self-dependented innovation 05 2. 预报技术精细化 marginal sea model, 3. 预报要素拓展化 storm surge model 4. 预报保障定制化 5. 预报创新自主化 Status of Operational Oceanography in NMEFC Chinese Global operational Oceanography Forecasting System (CGOFS v1.0) and extended forecast system Global Oceanography Forecasts: Level 1: Global Ocean Level 2: Northwest Pacific and Indian Ocean Level 3: Bo-Yellow-East China Sea and South China Sea Level 4: Polar Region Refined forecasts: China Coastal Zone Ecological Forecasts: Level 1: Northwest Pacific Level 2: East and South China sea Climate Prediction: Level 1: Global Level 2: Asia & Northwest Pacific Detailed of systems • Air-Sea Coupled system for Typhoon • harmonious physics processes • synchronous forecast both atmosphere and ocean ROMS Initial location of Typhoon inproved more between track, intensity,wind and pressure more accuracy of typhoon intensity change 17 We hope we could Integrated systems Refined techniques from global to coast high resolution, more 01 02 accuracy Diversificated elements Customized services temerature, salinity, 03 04 optimal ship route, wave hight, eddy,mix optimal work window layer thickness and so on 1. 预报系统一体化 Self-dependent innovation 05 2. 预报技术精细化 marginal sea model, 3. 预报要素拓展化 storm surge model 4. 预报保障定制化 5. 预报创新自主化 w M a a Storm Surge t x e m r i u i m n c o • High resolusion storm surge r f e numerical forecasting system a s e • Storm surge and Wave Overflow numerical forecasting system（SWOFS） • Storm surge and Wave Floodpain numerical forecasting system（SWIFS） • Risk evaluation and regionalization of storm surge disaster Ocean Wave A Unstructured refine ocean wave numerical forecasting system in coastal regions B Visualization of wave forecasting products C Analysis of the centennial recurrence period • Quantified tsunami pre- Tsunami warning data set • Timed and refined tsunami numerical forecasting system • Risk evaluation and regionalization of Tsunami IOC/UNESCO South China Sea Tsunami Advisory Center (SCSTAC) starts to be trial-operational in 2018 We hope we could Integrated systems Refined techniques from global to coast high resolution, more 01 02 accuracy Diversificated elements Customized services temerature, salinity, wave 03 04 optimal ship route, hight, eddy,mix layer optimal work window thickness and so on 1. 预报系统一体化 Self-dependented innovation 05 2. 预报技术精细化 marginal sea model, 3. 预报要素拓展化 storm surge model 4. 预报保障定制化 5. 预报创新自主化 Ecological Forecasts A Ocean carbon cycle forecast in NWP & China Seas B Jellyfish blooms in East China Sea C Red tide numerical warning D Hypoxia area numerical simulating E Marine Ecosystem numerical forecst system in NWP, ECS, SCS I : D O ， Aug Oil Spill and Pollutant Forcing by wind, 01 temperature, salinity, wave and current oil spill of pipeline enteromorpha Input time, place, oil mass and 02 discharge value and so on nuclear leak in Japan Tianjin Port 03 Ensemble diffusion models explosion Bohai Bay Dangerous chemicals explode near T2i4anjin City Marine Dynamic Forecast Search and Rescue Calculate drift speed Calculate drift path Visually display Forecast products high resolution forecast of wind and current NMEFCSAR LEEWAY model model four order lagrange drift path model visualization drift path and search area of wrecked target Climate prediction • Time scale from monthly to annual SST anomaly • El nino dynamic and statistic prediction • Ensemble prediction of different models NINO3 index emseble prediction Diagnostic products eddy ocean front indian ocean regional coastal We hope we could Integrated systems Refined techniques from global to coast high resolution, more 01 02 accuracy Diversificated elements Customized services temerature, salinity, wave 03 04 optimal ship route, hight, eddy,mix layer optimal work window thickness and so on 1. 预报系统一体化 Self-dependent innovation 05 2. 预报技术精细化 marginal sea model, 3. 预报要素拓展化 storm surge model 4. 预报保障定制化 5. 预报创新自主化 Safe construction of Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge observation forecasting foundation channel trench weather wave current before one before 5 days before 1 day month construct select time decide time confirm time insitu window window window garantee Sea Ice • High resolution Sea Ice numerical forecasting systemin Bohai Sea and north of Yellow Sea • Sea ice vibration forcasting system near oil platform • New techniques like Sea ice discrete element method and so on. We hope we could Integrated systems Refined techniques from global to coast high resolution, more 01 02 accuracy Diversificated elements Customized services temerature, salinity, wave 03 04 optimal ship route, hight, eddy,mix layer optimal work window thickness and so on 1. 预报系统一体化 Self-dependent innovation 05 2. 预报技术精细化 marginal sea model, 3. 预报要素拓展化 storm surge model 4. 预报保障定制化 5. 预报创新自主化 Marginal sea model test case in SCS MTYPE=0 MTYPE=4 A Non-hydrostatic coordinates model has been build in China Seas non-hydro static parameter MTYPE=4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • REPRINT Hadal Manned Submersible
    REPRINT Hadal Manned Submersible Five Deeps Expedition Explores Deepest Point in Every Ocean By Dr. Alan J. Jamieson • John Ramsey • Patrick Lahey he very deepest parts of the world’s oceans are sel- Tdom explored. Four of our five oceans extend to depths exceeding 6,000 m, putting them beyond the reach of most commercially available technologies and certainly beyond all human-occupied vehicles currently in operation. Scientific interest in these ultradeep ecosystems has greatly increased over the last decade, but technological Deeps Expedition) Five (Credit: limitations have favored the use of simple static lander vehicles over remotely operated or human-occupied ex- ploratory vehicles. The Five Deeps Expedition (FDE) is changing all that. In 2015, Victor Vescovo, an American private-equity in- vestor and explorer and founder of Caladan Oceanic, approached Triton Submarines in Florida with a vision to design, engineer, build, test and support a full-ocean- depth-capable and independently accredited two-person manned submersible, which he intended to dive to the deepest point in each of the five oceans over the course of a year-long expedition. In a little over three years, this vision became reality. In December 2018, Vescovo performed his first solo dive in a two-person, full-ocean-depth submersible to 8,376 m in the Puerto Rico Trench, and the expedition is now more than halfway through its journey. The FDE is supported by an international team of scientists, engineers, filmmakers and operational crew (both ship and submersible). The DSV Limiting Factor (Triton 36,000/2) being By the end of 2019, the Five Deeps Expedition, sup- deployed for testing in the Bahamas in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Manned Submersibles, the Efficient Tools for Exploring Deep-Sea Creatures
    Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology Research Article Open Access Manned submersibles, the efficient tools for exploring deep-sea creatures Abstract Volume 3 Issue 2 - 2015 In this paper, the significant meaning for conducting deep sea creature research and the Xianpeng Shi current study status will be introduced and the great value for using manned submersibles Department of National Deep Sea Center, China to support such research will be researched, especially the applications carried out in hydrothermal vents, cold seep, mid-ocean ridge areas. Then, some results for China’s Correspondence: Xianpeng Shi, Department of National JIAOLONG manned submersible on implementing deep-sea creature investigation will be Deep Sea Center, 1# Weiyang Road, Aoshanwei Street, Jimo, presented. To better support the future underwater explorations, at the conclusion part, some Qingdao, 266237, China, Tel +86-532-67722125, suggestions will be brought forward to promote the development of China’s JIAOLONG Email manned submersible and its related technologies. Received: October 20, 2015 | Published: December 04, 2015 Keywords: Manned submersible, Deep-sea creature, Hydrothermal vent, Research, Efficient tools, Exploring, Deep sea, Earth’s environment, Underwater gliders, Vehicles, JIAOLONG manned Abbreviations: FAMOUS, French American Mid-Ocean and the body producing a special biologically active substance, such Undersea Study; HADES, Hadal Ecosystem Studies; CoML, as basophils, thermophilic, psychrophilic, pressure resisting, extreme Census of Marine
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Submergence Science for the Next Decade (DESCEND–2016)
    Developing Submergence Science for the Next Decade (DESCEND–2016) Workshop Proceedings January 14-15, 2016 ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS ........................................................................................................... 11 COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS .......................................................................................................... 24 PELAGIC ECOSYSTEMS ........................................................................................................... 28 POLAR SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................... 31 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ............................................................................................................... 41 ECOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ................................................................................... 48 GEOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 53 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 59 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................... 65 Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Chinese Operational Ocean Forecasting System
    Review of the Chinese Operational Ocean Forecasting System Guimei LIU National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, China www.nmefc.gov.cn Contents Concise 01 Achievements 02 Update of the 03 Forecasting Systems Foreseen challenges 04 Outlook 05 Operational Oceanography in NMEFC Chinese Global operational Oceanography Forecasting System (CGOFS v1.0) and extended forecast system Global Oceanography Forecasts: Level 1: Global Ocean Level 2: Northwest Pacific and Indian Ocean Level 3: Bo-Yellow-East China Sea and South China Sea Level 4: Polar Region Refined forecasts: China Coastal Zone Ecological Forecasts: Level 1: Northwest Pacific Level 2: East and South China sea Climate Prediction: Level 1: Global Level 2: Asia & Northwest Pacific 02 Achievements Global Forecast Products of CGOFS Surface Wind Temperature Polar ice Wave Tide Current Refined Forecasts in China Coastal Zone ❖Storm Surge ▪ Resolution ~ 50 m, dam resolved ▪ Waves offshore and flood considered ▪ Application in Fujian, zhejiang …. Refined Forecasts in China Coastal Zone ❖Data assimilation on Waves ▪ Combine radar altimeter(wave) and microwave scatter (wind) = narrow wave band + validated wide wave band derived from wind. ▪ Application in Northwest Pacific Refined Forecasts in China Coastal Zone ❖Tsunami Warning ▪ High resolution operational system. ▪ High performance parallel tsunami model. • More than 20 times faster than previous version. • Release Warning within 2~5min all over Pacific and SCS 100KM 2KM Ocean Services Search and Rescue chemicals spill Oil
    [Show full text]
  • Geoscientific Investigations of the Southern Mariana Trench and the Challenger Deep B B St U T T D Ll Challenger Deep
    Geoscientific Investigations of the Southern Mariana Trench and the Challenger Deep B b St U T t D ll Challenger Deep • Deepest point on Earth’s solid surface: ~10,900 m (~35,800’) • Captures public imagination: ~23 million hits on Google • Lower scientific impact – top publication has 181 citations. • Why the disconnect? On March 23, 1875, at station 225 between Guam and Palau, the crew recorded a sounding of 4,475 fathoms, (8,184 meters) deep. Modern soundings of 10,994 meters have since been found near the site of the Challenger’s original sounding. Challenger’s discovery of the deepest spot on Earth was a key finding of the expedition and now bears the vessel's name, the Challenger Deep. Mean depth of global ocean is ~3,700 m Talk outline 1. Plate Tectonic basics 2. Mariana arc system 3. A few words about Trenches 4. Methods of study 5. What we are doing and what we have found? 6. The future of Deep Trench exploration Plate Tectonic Theory explains that the Earth’s solid surface consists of several large plates and many more smaller ones. Oceanic plates are produced at divergent plate boundaries (mid- ocean ridges, seafloor spreading) and destroyed at convergent plate boundaries (trenches, subduction). Challenger Deep occurs at a plate boundary… …between Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate. Convergent Plate Boundaries are associated with oceanic trench and island arcs (like the Marianas) China The Mariana Arc is in the Western Japan Pacific, halfway between Japan Pacific Plate and Australia. Philippine Sea Plate Marianas The Mariana Trench marks where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath Philippine Sea Australia Plate Mariana islands are part of USA.
    [Show full text]
  • PRT Five Deeps Dive Release FINAL1221
    Contact: Stephanie Fitzherbert [email protected] First Human Reaches the Deepest Point in the Atlantic Ocean in Unprecedented Solo Submersible Dive Victor Vescovo completes the first dive in the Five Deeps Expedition to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, the Puerto Rico Trench Discovery Channel Capturing Expedition For Documentary Series DALLAS, TX (December 21, 2018) – In a historic feat, explorer Victor Vescovo became the first human to dive on a solo mission to the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean – the verified bottom of the Puerto Rico Trench at 8,376 meters/27,480 feet in his private submersible, the Limiting Factor. The trench was previously explored to approximately 8,300 meters by the French submersible Archimede in 1964, but it did not reach the deepest point. The dive also makes the Limiting Factor the deepest diving operational submersible in the world, surpassing the previous operational record-holder, the Chinese submersible Jiaolong which has reportedly reached a maximum depth of 7,062 meters. A groundbreaking documentary series about the expedition is also being filmed by Atlantic Productions for Discovery Channel, and will air in 2019/2020. "It was an extraordinary dive, and I am so proud of our international team for making it possible over the last few years. It felt great to get to the true bottom of the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in history and to prove the technical capabilities of this diving system, which we believe is now the deepest operational one in the world,” said Victor Vescovo. “We are really looking forward to continuing to the other dive sites, and continuing our technical and scientific goals." The Five Deeps Expedition is the first oceanic journey to take a manned, commercially- certified submersible vessel further and deeper than any in history.
    [Show full text]
  • Mts Muv 2017-2018
    MTS MUV 2017-2018 Manned Underwater Vehicles 2017-2018 Global Industry Overview By: William Kohnen, President Hydrospace Group Inc. Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA Chair, Manned UW Vehicles Cmttee Marine Technology Society Date: May 17, 2018 15th Annual MUV Symposium Underwater Intervention 2018 www.mtsmuv.org MTS MUV 2017-18 Global Industry Overview Table of Contents ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 GENERAL REVIEW.......................................................................................................................................... 4 Alucia M/V (WHOI)...................................................................................................................................... 15 Aquatica Submarines, Canada .................................................................................................................... 15 Bulgaria Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria ............................................................................................ 16 China National Deep Sea Center (NDSC), P.R. China .................................................................................. 17 China Ship Scientific Research Center (CSSRC), P.R. China ......................................................................... 18 China Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle, P.R. China ............................................................................... 19 DEEPFLIGHT, USA .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A General Review of the History of China's Sea-Power Theory
    Naval War College Review Volume 68 Article 8 Number 4 Autumn 2015 A General Review of the History of China’s Sea- Power Theory Development Zhang Wei Shazeda Ahmed Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Wei, Zhang and Ahmed, Shazeda (2015) "A General Review of the History of China’s Sea-Power Theory Development," Naval War College Review: Vol. 68 : No. 4 , Article 8. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss4/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wei and Ahmed: A General Review of the History of China’s Sea-Power Theory Devel A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF CHINA’S SEA-POWER THEORY DEVELOPMENT Zhang Wei [张炜] Translated by Shazeda Ahmed The Naval War College’s China Maritime Studies Institute (CMSI) uses primary and secondary Chinese-language sources to produce original scholarly research that enables current and future leaders to understand better the complexities of contemporary China’s maritime rise. The below translation offers non–Chinese readers at least a sense of what can be gained by considering Chinese texts in the original. Zhang Wei’s article, originally published in the journal Frontiers (Xueshu Qianyan) in July 2012, is a historiographical survey of the critical Western and Chinese texts and thinkers who have shaped the concept of sea power in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Mts Muv 2017-2018
    MTS MUV 2017-2018 Manned Underwater Vehicles 2017-2018 Global Industry Overview By: William Kohnen, President Hydrospace Group Inc. Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA Chair, Manned UW Vehicles Cmttee Marine Technology Society Date: May 17, 2018 15th Annual MUV Symposium Underwater Intervention 2018 www.mtsmuv.org MTS MUV 2017-18 Global Industry Overview Table of Contents ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 GENERAL REVIEW.......................................................................................................................................... 4 Alucia M/V (WHOI)...................................................................................................................................... 14 Aquatica Submarines, Canada .................................................................................................................... 14 Bulgaria Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria ............................................................................................ 15 China National Deep Sea Center (NDSC), P.R. China .................................................................................. 16 China Ship Scientific Research Center (CSSRC), P.R. China ......................................................................... 17 China Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle, P.R. China ............................................................................... 18 DEEPFLIGHT, USA .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Learning for Person Detection in Multi-Spectral Videos
    Universität Ulm | 89069 Ulm | Germany Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology Institute of Neural Information Processing Deep Learning for Person Detection in Multi-Spectral Videos Master’s Thesis at University of Ulm Author: Daniel König [email protected] Examiner: Prof. Dr. Heiko Neumann Dr. Michael Teutsch Supervisor: Dr. Michael Teutsch, Michael Adam Christian Jarvers, Georg Layher 2017 Version June 2, 2017 © 2017 Daniel König Contents Abstract1 Acknowledgements3 1 Introduction5 1.1 Multi-spectral Images . .8 1.2 Differentiation of Important Terms . .9 1.3 Outline . 10 2 Related Work 11 2.1 Generic Person Detector . 11 2.2 Proposal Generation . 12 2.3 Detection using Hand-Crafted Features . 14 2.4 Detection using Machine-Learned Features . 18 2.4.1 Classification using SVM or BDF Classifiers . 19 2.4.2 Classification using Neural Networks . 20 2.4.3 Regression based Detection . 22 3 Deep Learning Frameworks 27 4 Datasets 31 4.1 Dataset Overview . 31 4.2 KAIST Multi-spectral Pedestrian Dataset . 33 4.3 Caltech VIS Pedestrian Dataset . 36 4.4 CVC-09 IR Pedestrian Dataset . 38 4.5 Discussion . 40 5 Person Detection based on Filtered Channel Features 47 5.1 Filtered Channel Features . 47 5.1.1 Aggregated Channel Features (ACF) . 48 5.1.2 Checkerboards Features . 49 iii Contents 5.1.3 Multi-spectral Channel Features . 50 5.2 Implementation Details . 51 5.3 Usage as Proposal Generator . 55 6 Person Detection based on Deep Learning 57 6.1 VGG-16 Network . 57 6.2 Faster R-CNN . 61 6.3 Inspirational Work .
    [Show full text]
  • Roger Hekinian Scientific Adventures Diving Into the Abyss
    Springer Oceanography Roger Hekinian Sea Floor Exploration Scientific Adventures Diving into the Abyss Sea Floor Exploration Springer Oceanography For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10175 Roger Hekinian Sea Floor Exploration Scientific Adventures Diving into the Abyss 123 Roger Hekinian Saint-Renan France ISBN 978-3-319-03202-3 ISBN 978-3-319-03203-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03203-0 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013955911 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Sea Condition of Jiaolong Deep-Sea Manned Submersible Operating in the South China Sea
    E3S Web of Conferences 276, 01022 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127601022 WCHBE 2021 Analysis of sea condition of Jiaolong deep-sea manned submersible operating in the South China Sea Liu Xiaohui 1, Qin Shengjie 1, Yang Lei 1 , Qi Haibin 1and Zhang Qi2 1National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China 2Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China Abstract. The South China Sea is the sea area with the largest area, the largest depth, the most abundant oil and gas resources and the most comprehensive biological species in China. The further exploration of the South China Sea with manned submersible and other major deep-sea equipment is of great significance to China's deep-sea scientific investigation. In this paper, Jiaolong manned submersible was taken as an example. In order to explore the operation window to guarantee the operation safety of manned submersible and improve the efficiency of voyage scientific investigation, this paper combined the global wave return data and the wave data based on satellite remote sensing to focus on the Marine environment characteristics in the South China Sea. According to the operational design parameters of Jiaolong, in the South China Sea, the most appropriate operating time window is from April to September, and the rest of the time, proper sea conditions should be selected for the operation. 1 Introduction environment characteristics of the South China Sea, so as to provide reference for the selection of the time Located in the southern part of the Chinese mainland, the window for the follow-up operation of Jiaolong. South China Sea is the western part of the Pacific Ocean and one of the three major marginal seas of China.
    [Show full text]