Transformation of City Fabric

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2004-2005 DESIGN REPORT

TRANSFORMATION OF CITY FABRIC

HUlKaWai May 2005

MArch 2 PORTFOLIO Minerva Hui Ka Wai

Thesis: Transformation of City Fabric 001-011 Introduction 012-047 Research Study 048-079 Precedent Study 080-117 - Model Study 118-158 Final Presentation Introduction vMf MArch 2

INTRODUCTION

Thiu thnb'ii ytud;ci5 iho irauyfonrifition ov diy febri: into u.^oan isirjctirc) ami voids, li atudbj; ihi iooijro oartsc:pat!ori frarurlbnnaJ'oii of c.iy rainor than a ‘?iri:io aruwor to jrbari daaHri. Phenomenon

1. Building Urban renewal is rapidly undergoing in many old districts in Hong “Older buildings in the city are replaced by pencil towers or Kong. Old buildings within a city block are acquired to be demol- massive structures. They often enhance the living standard but not ished. Huge and gigantic monstrous massive buildings are built in- necessarily city space. stead. If city fabric is meant to be composed of individual buildings, obviously the current situation is killing the existing city fabric in a “Party walls form the boundaries between buildings. fast pace without careful thoughts. Subtle and fragmented building lots either merges to form a single unified block or replace by 2- City block pencil towers. A pattern of development has evolved which, over Connection is through the perimeter of a city block. There is no several generations of re-building, has simply been extruded up- Future city fabric assumption 1 intra-block connection. (Chinese Tenement) street activities at the Juncture of old city fabric wards. The construction of new structures does not have an ulti- “Pedestrian walkways are always overcrowded with people. and newly oontructed Langhan Palace In Mong Kok mate goal to achieve better living standard through out the city. “Bscklanes, which is a semi-public space, serve only as service Msam space only. nm They are built just to fulfil the full occupation of a building lot. The -There is no layering of space. history and memory of a place is erased and replaced by an alien, -Deficiency in local open space. empty, memory-free new ambience without any traces of the past. 3. City On the other hand, successive bands of reclamation along the “Transformation of city fabric from fine-grain to coarse-grain. northern foreshore of the Island and around the Kowloon penin- Mu ti-ownership is replaced by single developer. Variety is sula have catered for continuing urban growth and commercial ex- replaced by singularity. Future city fabric assumption 2 pansion. The progressive shifting of the sea edge is characterized (Podium type development) by a progressively coarser grid-pattern of street blocks, separated by linear road corridors that have tended to compartmentalize the inner urban districts into identifiable sectors such as Sham Shui Po, Mong Kok and Yau Ma Tei.

The existing compact city structure facilitates a convenient relationship between residential, community and business activities, promotes intense pedestrian circulation and condensed activity patterns, and sustains the viability of public transport and other es- Future city fabric assumption 3 sential services. However, it is now gradually replaced by a coarse {Pencil towers) city fabric that lacks of human scale.

Yet, this phenomenon contributes to the whole process of urban transformation. However, is it a desired situation? We live in places HIgh-rtse pencil towers vs that were built in the past; we build architecture, which will influence the future. The process of urban transformation is in our hands. We are part of the human history and architecture is part of the urban transformation. Future city fabric assumption 4 (Mega-structures)

“ k podiumJrMKe <1 S 11 1^ Thesis Statement Objectives

My thesis studies the transformation of city into urban structure 1. Lot division and void. The whole thesis should be able to demonstrate the -Recognition of lot division within a city block retains the urban sequential evolution of the city through time in two levels: lot-lot memory. relationship and block-block relationship. -Articulation of old buildings facade form the rhythm of street

l.etthe relationship in each level transform to allow coexistence norizontally will finally result in harmony from lot to city fabric 2. Interface of buildings vertically. Each building is not built just to fulfill the need for -Visual or physical relationship i be formed at the interface of occupying the whole building lot in a development. It should be buildings. well connected to any parts of the city. 3. Connectivity Jf*® ^formulation of design guidelines for urban transformation -Better intra-block & inter-block connection to establish multiple sncûld base on the past observation and current transformation pathes through the city. place in Hong Kong but still leaving room and freedom to aîow creativity for architects in the future. They should in 4. Open space provide a creative springboard for design. The scheme -Spaces could be created between buildings. nou embrace plurality. Connectivity and publicness should be ne Ultimate goals of transformation of city. >.Street alignment Reinforce the sense of street alignment. Oâcon has pointed out, the new buildings themselves can connectors as long as it is understood that no buildings r^s at Its own lot line but that each is part of a total symbiotic relationship of mass within space.

like setting up rules of engagement to the next, for res^ +e’ every building must leave something for the next and chp ® Of surrounding space. So that the sequential evolution and • ges can occur over time to refine the design.

is to demonstrate the idea by creating architecture of aroi nH® residential buildings with commercial activities on sites or podium levels. The project will probably situated in infill

Za® tfhesis studies the architecture as participation in imation of city rather than a finite answer to urban design. sSL •Jme of the thesis should not be a final form. It is like daily e'rt and changed in urban fabric that know no beginning and no Inlroduclion lOiTl MArcli 2

Newspaper Cuttings

2004.05.01 % . ”. … SklBEl] mi Ming Po Daily Newspaper 67 Oriental Daily Newspaper 1st May 2004 1st May 2004 _ / 67 imw i'l: *"tvj/437 I 26 25.8

300

BtiJk KMMM

• •.M>l>«Ml‘AKKII_li , • • __U A• HI

i ::=•=••““ 17

1 • • . •

m$omu |_fi•• I •• «_ (••••ufr.H'•

‘ ‘ ik^tfii «•_• M Introduction 'TbI MArch 2

Site proposed by Urban Renewal Authority at Sham Shui Po

C=3 A^A

o <>“ / If

Building age diagram Buidling height diagram I1J0I to 10 year 01 to 05 storey 11 to 20 year n]06 to 10 storey • 21 to 30 year _11 to 20 storey • 31 to 40 year •21 to 30 storey • 41 to 50 year •above 30 storey • above 51 year 1 f© MArch 2 Introduction ^^ r

Project information of Project information of Project information of Project information of renewal site A renewal site C renewal site D

Project Information

Site area About 2.200 square motors About 2.600 squaro msteis 1.380 square meters j^o of affected build “ NoSfSod gus olds About 273 (Figure os at 18 May 2004) 3 at 18 May 2004) (Figure as at 18 May 2004) No affected t

pment Content

Residential About 16,500 square meters (about 333 units) About 19,500 square meters (about 356 About 1.100 square motors About 2,200 squaro meters S^SOOsquaro meters

Dovolopmont along HInq Wah Street 'A study nn MAfch 2 Sludy CTFl MArch 2

RESEARCH STUDY

-025 Study of City Fabric -027 Study of a City lock Study of Existing Buildings study niCf MArch 2 Study CTCT MArch 2

Study of City Fabric - Historical Maps Study

fi- teoN

‘ -I!‘ r “::.,‘. . .. / 1 i - / \ t • kT “The earliest urban planning diagram of Kowloon -Reclamation at Tal Kok Tsui for shipyard Penlsula 4 • Mong Kok Tsui started to have residential area -Mostly remain rural area while most of Eastern and Western Kowtoon re- • Military planning mained argricultural lend use. -High demand on transportation network as re- -Part of Nathan Road was built in Tslm Sha Tsui quired for military uses only.

1863 Map 87 Map

\\ 1^ 1 Urban planning diagram 887-1904 Diagram Resenrch Study Cy MArch 2 F^esonich j/a^ Sludy (S^ r.

lI i v^m. ...

-Area of argricultruat land decreased significantly in the period of 1904 to 1924. -A big step towards urban planning in Hong Kong -The main arteries of Nathan Road and by qualified urban planner for the next 50 years. Kowloon-Canton Railway were built in Kowloon. -More land reclamation. • Newly reclamation land of Cheung Sha Wan, • New cities such as Lai Chi Kok and Kwun Tong Hung Horn and Kowloon City appeared. evolved. -Boundary Street bagan to develop under urban • Planning of two railway tines connecting the east planning. end west Kowloon was made. • Evolution of new cities such as Sham Shut Po and Tong Mel.

'02 Map V)a/

ng Research ^gjjj^ Study n^ Study

^y-mm

fefc J /

. M \".- … -New facilities along the harbour was planned. • During the Second World War, the Japanese • After the Second World War. Hong Kong govern- army destroyed most of the urban planning maps ment invited English urban planner to replan Hong of Hong Kong during this period. Kong. -In 1947, the father of English urban planning, Abercrombie. arrived Hong Kong and finished the third Hong Kong urban planning in large scale in Ta ' •• •-•I'V-c-, 1948. “He was greatly influenced by the thoughts of English urban planning in 1940's. therefore large pieces of land In West and East Kowloon were 1947 Map

” Urban planning daigram M. ’ 1948 Urban planning diagram idy ngl MAn study vSf MArch 2

Study of City Fabric -Formation of city fabric

Primary roadways

-Due to the plain topography of Kowloon Penl- sula, most of the area were already built. -The diagram shows the otd Ka! Tak Airport. -Due to the lack of green space and old transportation network, most of the Western Kowloon has to be re-developed In the future.

•• ••’

'90Map Secondary streets

Tertiary backlanes

City fabric composed of layers of grids irch udyn^l udy ^gf MArch 5

LA I i

3 £ .V

•I .

IS study ngf MArch 2 study ti^ MArch 2

Study of City Fabric Study of City Fabric "Possible backlane connectivity study -Grouprl and tvninal finnr nlans nf urban rfinnwal sitfi A tn D — PRESENT SITUATION POSSIBLE CONNECTION m! 10 li.

ijmii'j iimii'j imiMtn NP imimtn t- iiiii i|“r I'l T 1 l'^'*""''!

I'M m •iTvn3ICj T

\\ir iiWHf

ihr I.I •r 111 r 171 llllll ^

itnn I_J — ••• »••- •hint -mmi :•- - —m L-V a —=1 1 jimm. -’/ niwu viiT- •T/mniWHi;— jj^ 1 Y juuuur^- iiiiLfUP^' Bl 0 ./••Fi. ...n -^. .im... 1 I 11 nil ’g M I t i m _ — llF. •MMIIIR- mm' 1 1 1 I 1 CR - 1 • iimi + j'Mlir I'l •itir i -1 Jlu la J • tP^ % 4 fH mi 1 —•nmtl i Tnr yni-kTM mm Study of a City Block Study of a City Block •“ Sections through urban renewal site D -Transformation of a city block from 1974 to 2003

YYUJI ^ ttt •••I * ~ \

\ 1989

.J- ^VNM .1— '“I L Mi' t i.r i H Z3 •fc nMA 1 p- •cv," 1 mr,' • - y iWl-W-^l 3_== jfjK

fr:—•"-^^n^rTi"? rF^iS'•ETSa^

m n. SECTION , SECTION PPEu Eu PE u PE*

I-

• rsM

i 1:: t -J a J i SECTION Stu< MAri study MArch 2

Study of Existing Buildings ^oing diagram of typical plans ervice Zone •Living Space ^Circulation Zone El

-XliJ'LlL

L I-S r.-i,.. fXfc-jffl IY I

m IG 1 w: •fir

sical floor plan Tyi Relationship of lot line and building Zoning diagram SItud y of typical floor plan

II n

im n

m•‘ -1 I S # i!

iijo!!. FFL'1

Load bearing structure design Public and private paths St udy of ground floor plan study

Study of Existing Buildings ‘Building documentation (Castle Peak Road)

CASTIFPFAKPnAn rvv^ ^iFPFftKPOAmifl fATHFFF Rn miHIffl lUMMMiMiMMMaiMaittaM --M-'l i. , l •UilliT :i .… .II i! I i IJ ill ‘ •i:].. I • 'h i •• FF rr •'liMJh' i . !lil _

il.fV ‘ I I'l I !1 w I lfe cm J Ik: 1 It: HI V. im m TI 1 FISI ”

m. I 1 M

NA . J] L-S ]]S> jiQ—^y® ON

i • . • 1 jft !

——~ — N ri 1 r:xi iT!t, ik i iTifci h- M ‘n , f! J 111!til! —1 1 iMl It! IJ0 u.ai ] nT)S jiiiljj r-.io ti2 It) ] I 1 -tC. ]U [IJ 1(1 01 X na n ot i 'f.I'.irr^'tirrrininrini, fAffTIF FftKRf? fl7n i^nTiFPF/^KRnftnnftn-mn f TIF.FFAKRfM - fiftfiTIFFF^RmrK •ID,. li ifi.i j. .ii-Ji t'liiini 'l> .1 'iMIII-i" l • • . ‘'I: .1,‘ I u I'K ,I ! 1 I 0 .I!:: _ .i ui'-JiK I '! •,., i'.-k'v feyi!

m LITE I. I'iii? I• 11 1 ::i 'i 1r _ '•r-lS YI'III 13 :’

X •n ,__ Wr T^^r ^ • I I >1,—

.-4 - …

]• I! 1 ] a

M • n Ur C IT IJI (11 IJ !u u .11 uir 1 ^ffk Research ^^ / mSF MArch 2 Study (j^ I

Study of Existing Buildings -Building documentation (Cheung Fat Street)

PASTiPPFAKPnAnans ML f Tlil^PFAKRn HFIINfiFATfiTRFFTI? 1 '•'•'H'li jvsUilii ]. ( f:i •hil! r‘. I . :, , ". "^ fi. : ;.• pi • I r-' • •

J :

P-N I a w.

—* ® '-gr' ‘

It W. 7

.Til

X I

•ri.}:: study CTCT MArch 2

Study of Existing Buildings Study of Existing Buildings -Building documentation (Cheung Wah Street) - Building documentation (Fuk Wing Street)

PI Ik* WUlMrt QTRPPT ^Qil.cinA PI lUIkT- WIKin RTRPPftTRPPTT ^^nfi-m^nft-Rin PI WIND RTRPFi T fi1!>.R1ft ¥ '1:1 I

ii^i rit

ti M 1

ri.vi ""J i' ‘ M

I> k

/f /r

ife-

i- 5 -. •fi I

m study/fi^ njTyJ MArch 2 study ijm MArch 2

Study of Existing Buildings Building documentation (Hing Wah Street)

-lIMn WAH RTRFFT 97R-n HIMn WAM RTRPFT 97P HIKin WAN STRFPT 07P WlWft WAH RTRPPT 1II1W YYn ninsEi -fn .<.:Wi.fi^'v 11 . :l..v 'li ki I i' l i iiii.i- i \'>f:i .Mfti 1>11! 1 > . •.. lull•‘,• ii•••' I tsill! j. .“:.': i I' •.• ,‘. 1 II' ...Hi'.l..’lli!|.:_ :1 TIN mh: k" ‘. :|M _ i i Jik-^ ,_s: 1 ‘ J--' -.. •, ‘ i ‘ j',.} ‘ iaifeii . ,y y • V > J ^ . 1 k I, I.' 1 • ~^.=-- --). --) Ctllj T.- "” to • I ; {••I'.lf }. Vt ‘ ri. ; •s . pir^- n fi'i^J J: • .ipi .i ::: :• -i 1 l. •«.-—L.. — : 1• “‘ n ; '1 i^Jr '(v.vtj.' i-ri"'!' (f,iv4 Sf i rli' ' ,|'J! ^ ’ 53 C7—r A Ti r?^ -” - ~ • n_ --.M . - .11 I J, l- 7 m K M w JiL

a ( —h ' J m I f— ‘imiiw JL IT— “ id I - I.

L •Jlil- Ill' II 11 ― 4 11 1Jt. l! IT u ... iiu 1—.--ik 1 I

IL fl Research study WiW MAtcli 2

Study of Existing Buildings Study of Existing Buildings • Building documentation (Shun Nigh Road) -Building documentation (Un Chau Street)

_JMmfiRnAnff l pUHMMINjr! mm

it HU'giW •IT

M kte mw^n

r t I I [

i' E

1 ,

L study wFf MArch 2 study WW MArch 2

Study of Existing Buildings -Site Photograph

ILLCHAU RTRPPT 471 mm 4 r study IjJCT MArch 2 Sludy nJJ^ MArch 2

1:10000

^'^Pf^n 1:10000

V§ '"•KIM 1:10000

'"•wn 1:10000 Study IJJJ MArch 2

V5 '"•Wn 1:10000

1:10000 study t

PRECEDENT STUDY & THEORY

050-053 Miletus 054-057 Uffizi, Piazza del Signoria, Florence 058-061 Isfahan 062-065 Museum of Modem Art 066-069 Seaside 070-073 Apartment Buildings, rue des Suisses, Paris 074-077 Five Courts Shopping Arcade, Munich

Spiro Kostof 078 Edmund Bacon Aldo Rossi '>4|k Study(i2fMArch2

Miletus

The evolution of the city is a work of five centu- ries, whichis composed in three widely separated periods according to the three very different ap- proaches to design. The difference in philosophy of each of these periods is strikingly expressed in the different form of the masses and the open

1. The Greek work of the end of the fourth century B.C. The Greek work involves the minimum of construction necessary to articulate the space for man's use, to bind the free-flowing space of the agora with the shore of the harbor, to set up a rhythm of columns and bays, but not to enclose Greek, 4th century B.C. or confine the spaces.

2. The Hellenistic remodeling in the middle of the second century B.C. The Hellenistic work is more extensive than the lA Greek; emphasis is placed on the symmetrical Enclosing of space ‘ arrangement of architecture, giving a more “ quential growth gives variety of spaces formal character to the civic open spaces. Archi- Recognition of the size of Roman grid tectural forms project into the spaces, defining but not enclosing them; angular forms in different ^he architecture in Miletus has a discipline devel- directions set up dynamic interactions. Pedover a long period of time which interlocks, ngs which reach out across space to other 3. The Roman work from the second century

1.Ridings, each one firmly implanted in the space A.D. Hellenistic, 2nd century, B.C. g Which it is located and creating interrelations During the Roman period all the projecting arms tensions between. were incorporated into colonnades completely serves to remind us of the contemporary surrounding courts. The spaces were divided into gfoblem we face of bland buildings that lack the separate units, each of a formal rectangular ®cessary elements for interaction. The develop- shape, reflective of the Roman philosophy of di- ent of each building as an entity in itself, often viding life into different rituals, each with its own n 9n attempt to establish a new stylistic mode, special space and the architectural expression. e^cls to repel rather than attract interaction with buildings. Worse still is the development of fundings that are devoid of any character at all, ^rtain-wall buildings which neither reach out into ce nor receive space into themselves, build- ngs whose sterile qualities stimulate no desire I evoke no response. 2nd century A.D. t A study/ MArch 2

mm m ra

_ _ tA Study

Uffizi, Piazza del Signoria, Florence

•Connectivity of city ‘Introduction of uniform facade gives sense of ejjjlosed public space FifM “Recognition of historical influence

exterior of.the Florentine view from Via view from ground level Via del Calzaiuoli Via della Farine Lambertesca facade along the Arno ident ^^ A tudy MArch // // / .nni

/FIX / / 7/ / /:/ f 54

I 1

.4 Phase three development (1362) fig.5 Phase four development (1380) fig.6 Final phase development t A study fi^ MArch 2 I Isfahan Bazaar: Caravansarai-I-Gulshan

‘Growth by connection of path .Sequential growth to give a variety of spaces ‘Hinge space

Hi Connection path Transition space Main space t A Siud/ rap MArch 2 Sludy vJTf MArch 2

0 o o o o o o . 0

\ o pure courtyard vs winding bazaar (caravansaral) w

connecting^orridors parallel to the sides of the court and function as "mini-bazaars"

small mediating spaces off the corners enable shifts In orientation t A

Museum of Modern Art 1939:Piiip L.Goodwin & Edward Durrell Stone, 1951,1964:Philip Johnson, 1984:Cesar Phelli, 2004:Yoshio Taniguchi I M: 1

54th Street

53rd Street u

^^/VWN/WWVWWV^

-Museum weaved into the fabric of the city and Site Plan become part of the connective tissue of Manhat-

“Strengthen the relationship between urbanism, architecture and art “Respect for history

MoMAIn1964 Extension by Philip Johnson

•r. I i I , • ' • • •' IDIWVI^S

Elevation from 53rd Street study MArch 2

.FT''IT"

(2004)—(^oun(3TEIoor_RiaiT, Yoshio Taniguchl (2004) Figure Diagram

(1984) Ground Floor Plan, Cesar Pelli 0984) Figure Diagram

Thl H I tnl

qirT ti

(1964) Ground Floor Plan. Philip Johnson (1964) Figure Diagram

.-J-- t (1951) Ground Floor Plan, Philip Johnson (1951) Figure Diagram (1951) Circulation Diagram t A Sludy M^l MArch 2

Seaside

i_ •• If McvrowHOf UASCMI H ruxuoA I"•“ rnoffxrvoTM ROMST OAVA URBAN CODE • THE TOWN OF SEASIDE

DEFTNinONS TYPHI TYPEn TYPEm TYPE IV TYPE VI TYPEVn TYPEVni U7AII UMOOmAl *l OfnCtAMUQCNTtU. VOWUHOr KOIDomALliLOfWOlO UKDBNTIAL MSDOnUL UHDSKTVU. XMCKAKT rUMLMPin

I na rntnr ^ACAM IKAU kttiho /OONO 1>a ntOKT SVriACX IM TO T>B DtPONAtlD naaOfTMM Of TMI LOT vorrM YARDS I THIUMBOr-naSffitTAaMStALLK A KANDAT0A1 AALA •KlUDtsaNATIDOMTiaXONMOMAr I in nu o* mwc I OOMNin AND RAT TDfDOVI MAT BN TVUi MOftI TKAM I CKOACH UP TO ONI.HALF THl TAKO fUT IN HIXKT 4 VOOOrVtCBBUtXUMILTALONOTta rrucT AMD KxnrATW r*omrr UKB mrrmi.a*a

3(mAU.MMUN0TOA • DOHNATID PVOKT- dTFACAM MStALLHT>aMOnMUH PORCHES _ OCUCNATID OVTN A MANDATMT W 1 » THirOM3(AND«1HDOVOnMMOtlNAU CLAUD AND KOOnO _ I HtQUAMOtMntOrCNtTIONVimCAi mUTTVM niOWTTMO •-.-^―-J- AnMn

I nt- .Setting up of urban code OUT a»M BlUILDWG S VAUiorovnuTLxxNotruoDOM 'Axait^ilT mut pim UN 11 iHALL •• Ltrr .Urban code as guidance but not restrictive ,'U LOtwvrtD Trm •B • flexibility gives variety

SAJSm PARKING A MAKDATOCT CUAS AUANOLmTHAXII n rr »n vmi A HfNMCM M FT WlOf rONTIHi'Ol.t ACCliS TO na men

M MO KnCKT UMTT OH irovnomormucTVMi uo or LB» nuN in n in k s> nncAt oa imrm na jrnanunr wmDwoff

The Seaside Code spells out the required aspects of building form Sludy MArch 2 Sludyyflig liQ/ j MArch 2

1 All: wm m?

Type VII Type I Residential f^etail Residential & Lodging

hmim it 'gmm ^^ 'iOrllriif m iWU,:U? !T! ill?,

Type VIII Type II Type v Residential afflce& Residential Special District

,, ’ a: wrt, ., -,

iiii^llli wimi

Type III Type VI Workshop Residential Precedent ^Hk Sludy fSgy MArch 2 Sludy Ijj™ MArch 2

Apartment Buildings, rue de Suisses, Paris Herzog & de Meuron

Ti I it J-. •- ” I''' .. j “-—. :: : :• Longitudinal section of the small concrete courtyard buildings

_ Continue of street line .Shaping of open spaces with neighborhood pataas'ofthe courtvard bulldlna • Facade respecting cornice line

^MH mm • • •

LTJIIfWJAJ

Alignment of street facade Precedent ^^ idy MArch Study MAr

m XJ a i m I •K if i. _ II < 1 J r I t I]It Second Floor Plan

hirst Kloor Plan

GroundTloor Plan

1 •• • … 1 -pi “T T .1 t “ -/i- ‘rrr 1 TMT 1 1 f 1 1 “ i I1I .uiR. i 1 1‘1 ‘i 1I u 1 m rs 1 d-Fi :h - m 1 I i] JIJ 'Basomcnt Floor Plan studyC IJZFMArc h 2

Five Courts Shopping Arcade, Munich Vereinsbank property's circulation • HYPO-Bank propery's circulation Public circulation

Ground Floor Circulation Pattern

IJTE&G •0 ISSIIIIPS iiiW

“Public spaces with volumetric qualities -Shaping of public space by integrating with sting neighborhood

First Floor Plan

Courts and passages. Block structure Demolition Svereinsbank property Public path Public courtyard

HYPO-Bank property Private path Private courtyard Ground Floor Plan Ground Floor Circulation A Study/njj TOff MArch 2 Sludy (jliV MArch 2

Partial demolition site at Kardinal-FauThaber-Strasse 10~ jjjjth vipw nf Ppmsahof t/H^ Sludy /^jjji-

Urban Process Edmund Bacon Process of Transformation Collective Memory Spiro Kostof Aldo Rossi Aldo Rossi

According to Splro Kostof, urban process represents As Bacon has pointed out, the new buildings them- According to Aldo Rossi, it Is important to know the One can say that the city itself is the collective the adjustment of the urban fabric to a whole variety of selves can serve as connectors as long as it is under- mechanism of transformation and above all to estab- memory of its people, and like memory it is associated changes that are economic and social. These chang- stood that no buildings ends at its own lot line but that lish how we can act in this situation - not through the with objects and places. The city is the locus of the es are often swifter and more deep-seated than the each is part of a total symbiotic relationship of mass total control of this process of change in urban arti- collective memory. This relationship between the pace and range of physical change. To be more spe- within space. facts, but through the control of principal artifacts locus and the citizenry then becomes the city's pre- piflc. it is the cadastral framework of building plots as it emerging in a certain period. . dominant image, both of architecture and of land- is shaped early on that resists change, while land use scape, and as certain artifacts become part of its undergoes rapid changes. When the design or scale The transformation of particular parts of the city over memory, new one emerges. In this entirely positive of the old premises can no longer meet changing de- time is very closely linked to the objective phenom- sense great ideas flow through the history of the city "lands, the buildings comes down to make room for enon of the decay of certain zones. This phenomenon and give shape to it. another generation of construction. generally referred to in the English and American lit- erature as "obsolescence". For our purposes, we will Thus we consider locus the characteristic principle of According to Spiro Kostof, Cities are live, changing define this phenomenon as characterized by a group urban artifacts; the concepts of locus, architecture, things - not hard artifacts in need of calculated revi- of buildings - which maybe In the neighborhood of a permanences, and history together help us to under- sion. Cities are never still; they resist efforts to make certain street or may constitute an entire district - that stand the complexity of urban artifacts. The collective neat sense of them. We need to respect their rhythms has outlived the dynamics of land use in the surround- memory participates in the actual transformation of and to recognize that life of city from must lie loosely ing area. space in the works of the collective, a transformation Somewhere between total control and total freedom of that Is always conditioned by whatever material reali- action. Such areas of the city do not follow life; often they ties oppose it. Understood in this sense, memory be- remain islands for a long time with respect to the gen- comes the guiding thread of the entire complex urban eral redevelopment, bearing witness to different peri- structure and in this respect the architecture of urban ods in the city and at the same time configuring large artifacts is distinguished from art... areas of "reserve". This phenomenon of obsolescence illustrates the validity of studying areas of the city as Ultimately, the proof that the city has primarily itself as urban artifacts; we can then relate the transformations an end emerges in the artifacts themselves, in the of such areas to the study of specific events. slow unfolding of a certain idea of the city, intention- ally. Within this idea exist the actions of individuals, and in this sense not everything in urban artifacts is collective; yet the collective and the individual nature of urban artifacts in the end constitute the same urban structure. Memory, within this structure, is the con- sciousness of the city; it is a rational operation whose development demonstrates with maximum clarity, economy, and harmony that which has already come to be accepted.

The value of history seen as collective memory, as the relationship of the collective to its place, is that it helps us to grasp the significance of the urban structure, its individuality, and its architecture which is the form of this individuality. This individuality ultimately is connected to an original artifact - in the sense of Cattaneo's principle; it is an event and a form. Thus the union between the past and the future exists in the very idea of the city that it flows through in the same way that memory flows through the life of a person; and always, in order to be realized, this idea must not only shape but be shaped by reality. Model ^^ study nrjl MArch 2 Study ^aP I

MODEL STUDY

082-084 :1000 Sketch Models 085-090 1:500 Sketch Models 091-093 1:200 Sketch Models 094 1:1000 Final Models 095-097 1:500 Final Models 098-117 1:200 Final Models MArch Model Study (iQ7 MArch 2

1:1000 Sketch Models 1:1000 Sketch Models .Evolution process study Conceptual connectivity

Conceptual model showing the fl inter-block relationship

Transformation of a city block 1974-2005

Conceptual model of connectivity in a grid city fabric Model Jl^ Study Model jH^ Study I^J MArch 2

1:1000 Sketch Models 1:500 Sketch Models • Study model of sequential growth 1:500 Sketch Models Structural walls and cor Structure and platforms

0 Proposed new buildings Connection from podium level of proposed buildings to roofs or podium of the old _ Existing buildings buildings

""""""Forming of new open space Recognition of lot division line to retain the urban ...... Reinforce the street alignment A Sludy/(jj IjJ^^ MArch 2 I A

1:500 Sketch Models 1:500 Sketch Models .Evolution study model scheme A Evolution study model scheme B

North Elevation North Elevation study Wf MArch 2 Study

1:500 Sketch Models 1:500 Sketch Models .Evolution study model scheme C Evolution study model scheme D

East Elevation bm South Elevation

West Elevation

North Elevation North evation IA Sludy ran MArch 2

1:200 Sketch Models 1:200 Sketch Models • Design scheme A Design scheme B

-R HI Model ^^ Study 1 Study WW MArch 2

1:1000 Final Models 1:500 Final Models “Site model Evolution study 0k Model ^^ /ng|MArch2 Study (ij^r

1:500 Final Models ‘Evolution study

Year 1989

d Development 3rd Development 4th Development 5th Development 6th Development Model Model j/^ Study WTl MArch 2 Studyjf!^ Wj l MArch 2

1:200 Final Models “Circulation study

I" -

m Model jm^ Sludy X^ MArch 2

1:200 Final Models • Circulation study

Development 5th Development 6th Development Model A Model Sludy MArch 2 study MArch 2

:200 Final Models

‘ .5 • ?JS:

West back elevation hast back eleva • Model Study (Qy MAich 2

200 Final Models

Year 2005 1st Development 2nd Development 3rd Development

2 ‘ ... i t, i « t M

. th Development 5th Development 6th Development Model ^^ ^^ MArch Study f I del^l^ •del A Jdy tQy MArch ^^ MArch ^^ Model jH^ / MArch 2 Study JJf A study MArch 2 Model ^^ Study ^JJf MArch 2 Study nTl MArch 2

ra a ll A

FINAL PRESENTATION

082-084 :1000 Sketch Models 085-090 1:500 Sketch Models 091-093 1:200 Sketch Models 094 :1000 F nal Models 095-097 1:500 F nal Models 098-117 1:200 F nal Models il A Final t 1 ^ MArch 2 I Presentation ^ MArch 2

Transformation of City Fabric Original Site Plan This thesis studies the transformation of city fabric into urban structure and voids. PHENOMENON

1. Building -Older buildings in the city are replaced by pencil towers or massive structures. They often enhance the living standard but not necessarily city space. -Party walls form the boundaries between buildings.

2. City block -Connection is through the perimeter of a city block. There Is no intra-block connection. -Pedestrian walkways are always overcrowded with people. -Backlanes, which is a semi-public space, serve only as service space only. • There is no layering of space. • Deficiency In local open space.

3. City -Transformation of city fabric from fine-grain to coarse-grain. Multi- ownership is replaced by single developer. Variety is replaced by singularity.

OBJECTIVES

1.Lot division • Recognition of lot division within a city block retains ths urban memory. • Articulation of old buildings facade form the rhythm of street facade.

2. Interface of buildings • Visual or physical relationship can be formed at the interface of buildings.

fcV' • i i 3. Connectivity -Better intra-block & inter_block connection to establish multiple pathes I f through the city.

• Spaces could be created between buildings.

5. Street alignment • Reinforce the sense of street alignment. ''gfk ti

Ground Floor Site Plan •

N 1 •i : _ 4M I r ., L. li)l ; " 1 .

A ' TZV - • jij—-— l4th Osvelopmsntdio-r- Ground Floor Plan (O.OOm) IDI"T I 1 •. - aj ‘"it i J—F . j ] . m ::: :! J J -ij.i V ―‘ I _ 0 % il • tir^ ^ . «tr: n.-j sit ISl .th/- Hi-r. -h- f? i t" . IT. H -iii ,I ,1. d D -Hft p-if,. ^^ 'FTW wj

V 6th Development (jiu—I- r- A "in J ti

m c'Sn _

7f! j.'.tlT* ’ ) in f- ^ it — I, i •

Li. J . !: :. :: -l!-! ! • iiisniii! !! ]! !!! •il!! !

'iii ! ; :!! ; !;;!!!,!! iPi :Mi 1 • i iiiBiS

‘

z: ,- i ‘ / // . iii!|i;!lil!!i|i diiiiiiiili !4

im:mmmjt:i

•— •/— /x/i / M : . r .. \,LT i / l^'lr- [LrJ ly-j r/

TWT ttA T TT f.i •H -l' 1 i"j|H a: 4. yjr .«‘3 - -I ‘ IS lil

ist DevelODment c^t^J•“ Ground Floor Plan (0.00m) 11th Floor Plan (34.50m) gl'-^j—i- —— 24th Floor Plan (73.50m) m A- ¥ S i —• . I P Basemsni Plan (-3.00m) _ Litir.n

l4 J

--UW . :/ '. . ‘ 0 3 e 15m lit Development # 12 30m Ground Floor Plan (0.00m) (3

—•

Basement Plan (-3.00m) X i 11 BacKlane connectivity V.

— J V

ti Final g^ Presentation MArch 2

ISm 11th Floor Plan (34.50m) C^' iSm 24th Floor Plan (73.50m)

. Lf •O* 4 A ifl ss

MftS IWI space distnbution

i^L i i .tIP I L i rf 1 ....L 11 m -I- T— r • I ] Ml] J -A I 1

_r J M 'lA IA

Ground Floor Plan (0^q0m) (2Ji 1st Floor Plan (4.50m) 6th Floor Plan (19.50m) (3'.

ZT" Lfir ^ dC II MIluI QS -H- O^D J - ±LL •XL" 3 .—]

Basement Plan (-d OOm) il GZ £i. • : % ;y I B ~1

LMllii H^BC n ^m- i hi N U t ". ^

-n.- Final . Presenlalion mW MArch 2 Presenlalion MArch 2

I— : -..... … :v ^ 4th Developmentc^ 0 6 12 30m Ground Floor Plan (0.00m) (3 0 3 6 15m

Public & pnvate path

r^T"

Basement Plan (-3.00m) 3 t fl —

4 JL < %Backlane connectivity

B mttJ 5 it. K I-.. J EH •

r -' T

r G

V— J V J

I »1 i 1

1st Floor Plan (4.50m) 15m 6th Floor Plan (19.50m)

,.‘ ‘ . I‘ VJ“1-- r EH

! r»f '.‘‘'• •.•‘ :-. •• ‘ I i ;;„;r 11

3 11 fl . [gj

.J ‘ ” • ‘ «

^ I*": - —‘- P W LUiLLi JULL" J i rnTFifi^ t^-MjJn.p'-T" (

tr tWfi j 'r.mr/i] 1 : • •• i hr FT fclE — .. Ml Xb ID pr

l—Ttj 'I

6th Developmentc^'. Ground Floor Plan (0.00m) (^i Plan (19.50m) 11th Floor Plan (34.50m) CJ'-L

mf —LJir

^ m. n

ME oID

Basement Plan ('a.OOm)

I TO I > •

1 rati

N V* I * q \\I I ^tfflHffi Final A Presentation '[['F MArch 2 iVyF^

6th Development 0 6 12 30m Ground Floor Plan (0.00m)

XT ITi

Basement Plan (-3.00m)

s •H. n

‘u • =r3

r— I I 1

L. Eg Final •A Presentation MArch 2

0 3 6 16m 6th Floor Plan (19.50m)C5 0 3 6 16m 11th Floor Plan (34.50m)

Is m:m n

3 c

J—" _

If 5[j

— J Hi r Plrplp^ LJ

iSLT

13 p 1 JU nun ‘ ‘ fcgf^~p nrr—-t-•tezsH'^Fo i ID …crwii •JPVI tm rmrimxT n 1 ]r n I <411

> i N^L:-.

•TTHii., J ;J: — . rJiiLi 7-ipjr. r: 6tn DeveioorriCnt HTlii

—- I-irj'l'iii^ M II 41k

‘

6th Development

n |34.5m

lo/r

119.5m

P It P

<' A

T >

JZ ZL

-bedroom studio flat 2-bedroom flat type B (Located at the top of the building looking over the roof of adjacent buildings)

2-bedroom flat type A 2-bedroom duplex (Located at the top of the building overlooking the street and opoosite buildings) • PI

3-bedroom duplex type A 3-bedroom duplex type B (Larger surface area to recieve light when there is opposite building blocking the view) (Located at the corner of the building with cross ventilation & views to front and back streets) >' A

04.12.2004 First Term Review TRANSFOMATION OF CITY HUIKAWAI

Lift 16.04.2005 Final Review

MM I•

ij ‘ fate ii^JU/t •V.- U, --t ttilSflft 17S &il • u

^i'Kc'iai

Transformation of City Fabric

4th Developments ITT IP r< i

L] % I .- u

Itu-f LSMtlMA^

r 1 ‘ ‘I F7 ] rr-i', ™5 [j f^

l^r •r

• I' ; I ARCHITECTURE LIBRARY

THESIS Overdue Fines nv, HK$1.00 per hour 4 hrs.

CUHK Lihp… •

004196499