Mouse Fxyd5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mouse Fxyd5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9) http://www.alphaknockout.com/ Mouse Fxyd5 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9) Objective: To create a Fxyd5 conditional knockout mouse model (C57BL/6J) by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Strategy summary: The Fxyd5 gene ( NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001287217 ; Ensembl: ENSMUSG00000009687 ) is located on mouse chromosome 7. 9 exons are identified , with the ATG start codon in exon 2 and the TGA stop codon in exon 9 (Transcript: ENSMUST00000009831). Exon 4~8 will be selected as conditional knockout region (cKO region). Deletion of this region should result in the loss of function of the mouse Fxyd5 gene. To engineer the targeting vector, homologous arms and cKO region will be generated by PCR using BAC clone RP23-327F20 as template. Cas9, gRNA and targeting vector will be co-injected into fertilized eggs for cKO mouse production. The pups will be genotyped by PCR followed by sequencing analysis. Note: Exon 4~8 is not frameshift exon, and covers 65.92% of the coding region. The size of intron 3 for 5'-loxP site insertion: 1088 bp, and the size of intron 8 for 3'-loxP site insertion: 2190 bp. The size of effective cKO region: ~4385 bp. This strategy is designed based on genetic information in existing databases. Due to the complexity of biological processes, all risk of loxP insertion on gene transcription, RNA splicing and protein translation cannot be predicted at existing technological level. The transcript Fxyd5-212 may be affected by inserting the second loxP. Page 1 of 8 http://www.alphaknockout.com/ Overview of the Targeting Strategy Wildtype allele 5' gRNA region gRNA region 3' 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Targeting vector Targeted allele Constitutive KO allele (After Cre recombination) Legends Exon of mouse Fxyd5 Homology arm cKO region loxP site Page 2 of 8 http://www.alphaknockout.com/ Overview of the Dot Plot Window size: 10 bp Forward Reverse Complement Sequence 12 Note: The sequence of homologous arms and cKO region is aligned with itself to determine if there are tandem repeats. Tandem repeats are found in the dot plot matrix. It may be difficult to construct this targeting vector. Overview of the GC Content Distribution Window size: 300 bp Sequence 12 Summary: Full Length(10886bp) | A(23.45% 2553) | C(25.52% 2778) | G(26.34% 2867) | T(24.69% 2688) Note: The sequence of homologous arms and cKO region is analyzed to determine the GC content. Significant high GC-content regions are found. It may be difficult to construct this targeting vector. Page 3 of 8 http://www.alphaknockout.com/ BLAT Search Results (up) QUERY SCORE START END QSIZE IDENTITY CHROM STRAND START END SPAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- browser details YourSeq 3000 1 3000 3000 100.0% chr7 - 31039345 31042344 3000 browser details YourSeq 145 2180 2362 3000 91.0% chr1 + 185274464 185274663 200 browser details YourSeq 140 2178 2374 3000 87.5% chr16 + 38566757 38566950 194 browser details YourSeq 135 2180 2356 3000 93.1% chr3 + 51575320 51575506 187 browser details YourSeq 134 2178 2362 3000 92.4% chr14 + 62900920 62901104 185 browser details YourSeq 132 2180 2360 3000 91.3% chr11 + 100391638 100391831 194 browser details YourSeq 131 2183 2340 3000 92.9% chrX + 36775949 36776113 165 browser details YourSeq 130 2180 2360 3000 87.4% chr11 - 58108976 58109165 190 browser details YourSeq 130 2179 2351 3000 92.3% chr9 + 88349518 88349696 179 browser details YourSeq 129 2179 2370 3000 88.6% chr13 - 9294612 9294811 200 browser details YourSeq 129 2180 2360 3000 90.2% chr1 + 170984082 170984269 188 browser details YourSeq 127 2179 2362 3000 90.0% chr2 + 53911740 53911931 192 browser details YourSeq 125 2169 2356 3000 89.4% chr12 - 13954638 13954829 192 browser details YourSeq 124 2180 2356 3000 92.0% chr7 + 141072983 141073312 330 browser details YourSeq 121 2182 2355 3000 90.7% chr18 - 42071383 42071566 184 browser details YourSeq 121 2180 2355 3000 90.2% chr17 + 33514805 33514990 186 browser details YourSeq 120 2180 2316 3000 94.2% chr5 - 66382701 66383036 336 browser details YourSeq 120 2180 2323 3000 92.9% chr4 + 100602728 100602883 156 browser details YourSeq 119 2180 2367 3000 88.9% chr14 + 31164658 31164849 192 browser details YourSeq 119 2184 2346 3000 90.5% chr13 + 43318738 43318907 170 Note: The 3000 bp section upstream of Exon 4 is BLAT searched against the genome. No significant similarity is found. BLAT Search Results (down) QUERY SCORE START END QSIZE IDENTITY CHROM STRAND START END SPAN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- browser details YourSeq 3000 1 3000 3000 100.0% chr7 - 31031959 31034958 3000 browser details YourSeq 105 1541 1708 3000 87.2% chr10 + 66997478 67176005 178528 browser details YourSeq 76 1574 1710 3000 77.8% chr11 - 120797632 120797813 182 browser details YourSeq 74 164 543 3000 71.1% chr18 + 42104604 42104855 252 browser details YourSeq 72 1552 1651 3000 82.2% chr9 + 106284323 106284417 95 browser details YourSeq 70 1460 1809 3000 78.7% chr4 - 136798958 136799186 229 browser details YourSeq 70 326 540 3000 79.0% chr14 - 24513511 24513647 137 browser details YourSeq 70 1455 1603 3000 96.1% chr4 + 123442363 123442852 490 browser details YourSeq 66 158 366 3000 92.5% chr15 - 98612894 98613188 295 browser details YourSeq 65 1584 1681 3000 83.7% chr7 - 35308621 35308719 99 browser details YourSeq 61 1564 1649 3000 85.9% chr1 - 93684298 93684387 90 browser details YourSeq 61 1539 1708 3000 89.7% chrX + 149051040 149051514 475 browser details YourSeq 61 166 543 3000 69.2% chr4 + 142244775 142244869 95 browser details YourSeq 61 339 536 3000 95.6% chr4 + 136853287 136853747 461 browser details YourSeq 60 1492 1609 3000 92.8% chr3 + 88841239 88841417 179 browser details YourSeq 58 196 362 3000 90.3% chr8 - 118519478 118519745 268 browser details YourSeq 57 324 540 3000 91.4% chr16 + 16228888 16229361 474 browser details YourSeq 57 1504 1807 3000 65.1% chr11 + 82516093 82516209 117 browser details YourSeq 56 1542 1653 3000 71.2% chr10 - 86756331 86756432 102 browser details YourSeq 55 307 544 3000 95.1% chr11 + 78985748 78986076 329 Note: The 3000 bp section downstream of Exon 8 is BLAT searched against the genome. No significant similarity is found. Page 4 of 8 http://www.alphaknockout.com/ Gene and protein information: Fxyd5 FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ] Gene ID: 18301, updated on 25-Sep-2020 Gene summary Official Symbol Fxyd5 provided by MGI Official Full Name FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 provided by MGI Primary source MGI:MGI:1201785 See related Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000009687 Gene type protein coding RefSeq status REVIEWED Organism Mus musculus Lineage Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus Also known as Oi; RIC; EF-8; Oit2 Summary This gene encodes a precursor protein that is member of the FXYD family of transmembrane glycoproteins. Like most Expression members of the FXYD family, the encoded protein is a subunit of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase pump. FXYD family members have tissue-specific expression and differentially regulate the activity of this pump. The protein encoded by this gene also plays a role in cell adhesion and motility. The orthologous human protein inhibits epithelial cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion protein and is associated with cancer (promotes metastasis). Alternative splicing of this mouse gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013] Orthologs Broad expression in thymus adult (RPKM 35.8), spleen adult (RPKM 33.6) and 24 other tissuesS ee more human all Genomic context Location: 7; 7 B1 See Fxyd5 in Genome Data Viewer Exon count: 9 Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location 109 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (30732148..30741832, complement) 108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (31032723..31042331, complement) Build 37.2 previous assembly MGSCv37 (GCF_000001635.18) 7 NC_000073.5 (31817742..31827341, complement) Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7 Page 5 of 8 http://www.alphaknockout.com/ Transcript information: This gene has 14 transcripts Gene: Fxyd5 ENSMUSG00000009687 Description FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 [Source:MGI Symbol;Acc:MGI:1201785] Gene Synonyms EF-8, Oit2 Location Chromosome 7: 31,032,722-31,042,481 reverse strand. GRCm38:CM001000.2 About this gene This gene has 14 transcripts (splice variants) and 12 orthologues. Transcripts Name Transcript ID bp Protein Translation ID Biotype CCDS UniProt Match Flags Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000161684.7 1172 178aa ENSMUSP00000125285.1 Protein coding CCDS21121 P97808 TSL:1 207 Q3TDW1 GENCODE basic APPRIS P3 Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000161805.7 1166 178aa ENSMUSP00000125398.1 Protein coding CCDS21121 P97808 TSL:1 208 Q3TDW1 GENCODE basic APPRIS P3 Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000162116.7 817 178aa ENSMUSP00000124203.1 Protein coding CCDS21121 P97808 TSL:5 210 Q3TDW1 GENCODE basic APPRIS P3 Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000159924.7 805 178aa ENSMUSP00000124219.1 Protein coding CCDS21121 P97808 TSL:5 203 Q3TDW1 GENCODE basic APPRIS P3 Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000009831.13 803 179aa ENSMUSP00000009831.7 Protein coding CCDS71935 F8WJA1 TSL:3 201 GENCODE basic APPRIS ALT2 Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000162087.7 762 178aa ENSMUSP00000125065.1 Protein coding CCDS21121 P97808 TSL:3 209 Q3TDW1 GENCODE basic APPRIS P3 Fxyd5- ENSMUST00000162733.7 2998 185aa ENSMUSP00000125173.1 Protein coding
Recommended publications
  • Genomic and Transcriptome Analysis Revealing an Oncogenic Functional Module in Meningiomas
    Neurosurg Focus 35 (6):E3, 2013 ©AANS, 2013 Genomic and transcriptome analysis revealing an oncogenic functional module in meningiomas XIAO CHANG, PH.D.,1 LINGLING SHI, PH.D.,2 FAN GAO, PH.D.,1 JONATHAN RUssIN, M.D.,3 LIYUN ZENG, PH.D.,1 SHUHAN HE, B.S.,3 THOMAS C. CHEN, M.D.,3 STEVEN L. GIANNOTTA, M.D.,3 DANIEL J. WEISENBERGER, PH.D.,4 GAbrIEL ZADA, M.D.,3 KAI WANG, PH.D.,1,5,6 AND WIllIAM J. MAck, M.D.1,3 1Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 2GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 4USC Epigenome Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 5Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and 6Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Object. Meningiomas are among the most common primary adult brain tumors. Although typically benign, roughly 2%–5% display malignant pathological features. The key molecular pathways involved in malignant trans- formation remain to be determined. Methods. Illumina expression microarrays were used to assess gene expression levels, and Illumina single- nucleotide polymorphism arrays were used to identify copy number variants in benign, atypical, and malignant me- ningiomas (19 tumors, including 4 malignant ones). The authors also reanalyzed 2 expression data sets generated on Affymetrix microarrays (n = 68, including 6 malignant ones; n = 56, including 3 malignant ones).
    [Show full text]
  • FXYD5: Na+/K+-Atpase Regulator in Health and Disease
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector REVIEW published: 30 March 2016 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00026 FXYD5: Na+/K+-ATPase Regulator in Health and Disease Irina Lubarski Gotliv * Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel FXYD5 (Dysadherin, RIC) is a single span type I membrane protein that plays multiple roles in regulation of cellular functions. It is expressed in a variety of epithelial tissues and acts as an auxiliary subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase. During the past decade, a correlation between enhanced expression of FXYD5 and tumor progression has been established for various tumor types. In this review, current knowledge on FXYD5 is discussed, including experimental data on the functional effects of FXYD5 on the Na+/K+-ATPase. FXYD5 modulates cellular junctions, influences chemokine production, and affects cell adhesion. The accumulated data may provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FXYD5 mediated phenotypes. Keywords: FXYD5, dysadherin, Na+/K+-ATPase, polarity, cell adhesion, cell junctions, glycosylation Edited by: FXYD5 (Dysadherin, RIC) is a type I membrane protein, that belongs to FXYD family. In Olga Vagin, mammalian cells this family of proteins consists of seven members (FXYD1-7) that share the University of California, Los Angeles, conserved F-X-Y-D motif in the trans-membrane domain. All family members are known to USA interact with Na+/K+-ATPase and affect its kinetic properties in a tissue-specific manner (for Reviewed by: a review see Garty and Karlish, 2006). FXYD5 was identified as a cell surface molecule by a Ugo Cavallaro, monoclonal antibody that was developed to selectively recognize cancerous but not normal cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Significance of P‑Class Pumps in Cancer (Review)
    ONCOLOGY LETTERS 22: 658, 2021 Clinical significance of P‑class pumps in cancer (Review) SOPHIA C. THEMISTOCLEOUS1*, ANDREAS YIALLOURIS1*, CONSTANTINOS TSIOUTIS1, APOSTOLOS ZARAVINOS2,3, ELIZABETH O. JOHNSON1 and IOANNIS PATRIKIOS1 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine; 2Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; 3College of Medicine, Member of Qatar University Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar Received January 25, 2021; Accepted Apri 12, 2021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12919 Abstract. P‑class pumps are specific ion transporters involved Contents in maintaining intracellular/extracellular ion homeostasis, gene transcription, and cell proliferation and migration in all 1. Introduction eukaryotic cells. The present review aimed to evaluate the 2. Methodology role of P‑type pumps [Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA), H+/K+ ATPase 3. NKA (HKA) and Ca2+‑ATPase] in cancer cells across three fronts, 4. SERCA pump namely structure, function and genetic expression. It has 5. HKA been shown that administration of specific P‑class pumps 6. Clinical studies of P‑class pump modulators inhibitors can have different effects by: i) Altering pump func‑ 7. Concluding remarks and future perspectives tion; ii) inhibiting cell proliferation; iii) inducing apoptosis; iv) modifying metabolic pathways; and v) induce sensitivity to chemotherapy and lead to antitumor effects. For example, 1. Introduction the NKA β2 subunit can be downregulated by gemcitabine, resulting in increased apoptosis of cancer cells. The sarco‑ The movement of ions across a biological membrane is a endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase can be inhibited by crucial physiological process necessary for maintaining thapsigargin resulting in decreased prostate tumor volume, cellular homeostasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Microarray and Pattern Miner Analysis of AXL and VIM Gene Networks in MDA‑MB‑231 Cells
    MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 18: 4147-4155, 2018 Microarray and pattern miner analysis of AXL and VIM gene networks in MDA‑MB‑231 cells SUDHAKAR NATARAJAN1, VENIL N SUMANTRAN2, MOHAN RANGANATHAN1 and SURESH MADHESWARAN1 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology; 2Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Centre for Excellence in Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 600095, India Received March 20, 2018; Accepted August 2, 2018 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9404 Abstract. MDA-MB-231 cells represent malignant triple-nega- migration, metastasis and chemoresistance, whereas the VIM tive breast cancer, which overexpress epidermal growth factor gene network regulates novel tumorigenic processes, such as receptor (EGFR) and two genes (AXL and VIM) associated lipogenesis, senescence and autophagy. Notably, these two with poor prognosis. The present study aimed to identify novel networks contain 12 genes not reported for TNBC. therapeutic targets and elucidate the functional networks for the AXL and VIM genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. We identi- Introduction fied 71 genes upregulated in MDA-MB-231 vs. MCF7 cells using BRB-Array tool to re-analyse microarray data from six Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) lack expression of three GEO datasets. Gene ontology and STRING analysis showed important receptors (ER, PR, and HER2). These cancers account that 43/71 genes upregulated in MDA-MB-231 compared with for 10-15% of breast cancers, and are characterized by overex- MCF7 cells, regulate cell survival and migration. Another pression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), high 19 novel genes regulate migration, metastases, senescence, proliferative rate, and mutations in the p53 and BRCA1 tumour autophagy and chemoresistance.
    [Show full text]
  • FXYD2 Monoclonal Antibody (M01), Human Gene Nomenclature for the Family Is Clone 1C3-B3 FXYD-Domain Containing Ion Transport Regulator
    FXYD2 monoclonal antibody (M01), human gene nomenclature for the family is clone 1C3-B3 FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). Catalog Number: H00000486-M01 FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. Regulatory Status: For research use only (RUO) FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been Product Description: Mouse monoclonal antibody shown to induce channel activity in experimental raised against a full length recombinant FXYD2. expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and Clone Name: 1C3-B3 FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Immunogen: FXYD2 (AAH05302.1, 1 a.a. ~ 64 a.a) The Type III integral membrane protein encoded by this full-length recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the gene is the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase present GST tag alone is 26 KDa. on the plasma membrane. Although the Na,K-ATPase does not depend on the gamma subunit to be functional, Sequence: it is thought that the gamma subunit modulates the MDRWYLGGSPKGDVDPFYYDYETVRNGGLIFAGLAFI enzyme's activity by inducing ion channel activity. VGLLILLSRRFRCGGNKKRRQINEDEP Mutations in this gene have been associated with renal Host: Mouse hypomagnesaemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for Reactivity: Human this gene. [provided by RefSeq] Applications: ELISA, IHC-P, S-ELISA, WB-Ce, WB-Re References: (See our web site product page for detailed applications 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A High-Throughput Approach to Uncover Novel Roles of APOBEC2, a Functional Orphan of the AID/APOBEC Family
    Rockefeller University Digital Commons @ RU Student Theses and Dissertations 2018 A High-Throughput Approach to Uncover Novel Roles of APOBEC2, a Functional Orphan of the AID/APOBEC Family Linda Molla Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/ student_theses_and_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons A HIGH-THROUGHPUT APPROACH TO UNCOVER NOVEL ROLES OF APOBEC2, A FUNCTIONAL ORPHAN OF THE AID/APOBEC FAMILY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Rockefeller University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Linda Molla June 2018 © Copyright by Linda Molla 2018 A HIGH-THROUGHPUT APPROACH TO UNCOVER NOVEL ROLES OF APOBEC2, A FUNCTIONAL ORPHAN OF THE AID/APOBEC FAMILY Linda Molla, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University 2018 APOBEC2 is a member of the AID/APOBEC cytidine deaminase family of proteins. Unlike most of AID/APOBEC, however, APOBEC2’s function remains elusive. Previous research has implicated APOBEC2 in diverse organisms and cellular processes such as muscle biology (in Mus musculus), regeneration (in Danio rerio), and development (in Xenopus laevis). APOBEC2 has also been implicated in cancer. However the enzymatic activity, substrate or physiological target(s) of APOBEC2 are unknown. For this thesis, I have combined Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques with state-of-the-art molecular biology to determine the physiological targets of APOBEC2. Using a cell culture muscle differentiation system, and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) by polyA capture, I demonstrated that unlike the AID/APOBEC family member APOBEC1, APOBEC2 is not an RNA editor. Using the same system combined with enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (eRRBS) analyses I showed that, unlike the AID/APOBEC family member AID, APOBEC2 does not act as a 5-methyl-C deaminase.
    [Show full text]
  • Rett Syndrome – Biological Pathways Leading from MECP2 to Disorder Phenotypes Friederike Ehrhart1,2* , Susan L
    Ehrhart et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (2016) 11:158 DOI 10.1186/s13023-016-0545-5 REVIEW Open Access Rett syndrome – biological pathways leading from MECP2 to disorder phenotypes Friederike Ehrhart1,2* , Susan L. M. Coort2, Elisa Cirillo2, Eric Smeets1, Chris T. Evelo1,2 and Leopold M. G. Curfs1 Abstract Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disease but still one of the most abundant causes for intellectual disability in females. Typical symptoms are onset at month 6–18 after normal pre- and postnatal development, loss of acquired skills and severe intellectual disability. The type and severity of symptoms are individually highly different. A single mutation in one gene, coding for methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), is responsible for the disease. The most important action of MECP2 is regulating epigenetic imprinting and chromatin condensation, but MECP2 influences many different biological pathways on multiple levels although the molecular pathways from gene to phenotype are currently not fully understood. In this review the known changes in metabolite levels, gene expression and biological pathways in RTT are summarized, discussed how they are leading to some characteristic RTT phenotypes and therefore the gaps of knowledge are identified. Namely, which phenotypes have currently no mechanistic explanation leading back to MECP2 related pathways? As a result of this review the visualization of the biologic pathways showing MECP2 up- and downstream regulation was developed and published on WikiPathways which will serve as template for future omics data driven research. This pathway driven approach may serve as a use case for other rare diseases, too. Keywords: Rett syndrome, MECP2, Systems biology, Bioinformatics, Data integration, DNA methylation, Epigenetics Background a RTT like phenotype, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of the Mouse Glomerulus
    RAPID COMMUNICATION www.jasn.org A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of the Mouse Glomerulus Nikos Karaiskos,1 Mahdieh Rahmatollahi,2 Anastasiya Boltengagen,1 Haiyue Liu,1 Martin Hoehne ,2 Markus Rinschen,2,3 Bernhard Schermer,2,4,5 Thomas Benzing,2,4,5 Nikolaus Rajewsky,1 Christine Kocks ,1 Martin Kann,2 and Roman-Ulrich Müller 2,4,5 Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed at the end of this article. ABSTRACT Background Three different cell types constitute the glomerular filter: mesangial depending on cell location relative to the cells, endothelial cells, and podocytes. However, to what extent cellular heteroge- glomerular vascular pole.3 Because BP ad- neity exists within healthy glomerular cell populations remains unknown. aptation and mechanoadaptation of glo- merular cells are key determinants of kidney Methods We used nanodroplet-based highly parallel transcriptional profiling to function and dysregulated in kidney disease, characterize the cellular content of purified wild-type mouse glomeruli. we tested whether glomerular cell type sub- Results Unsupervised clustering of nearly 13,000 single-cell transcriptomes identi- sets can be identified by single-cell RNA fied the three known glomerular cell types. We provide a comprehensive online sequencing in wild-type glomeruli. This atlas of gene expression in glomerular cells that can be queried and visualized using technique allows for high-throughput tran- an interactive and freely available database. Novel marker genes for all glomerular scriptome profiling of individual cells and is cell types were identified and supported by immunohistochemistry images particularly suitable for identifying novel obtained from the Human Protein Atlas.
    [Show full text]
  • Produktinformation
    Produktinformation Diagnostik & molekulare Diagnostik Laborgeräte & Service Zellkultur & Verbrauchsmaterial Forschungsprodukte & Biochemikalien Weitere Information auf den folgenden Seiten! See the following pages for more information! Lieferung & Zahlungsart Lieferung: frei Haus Bestellung auf Rechnung SZABO-SCANDIC Lieferung: € 10,- HandelsgmbH & Co KG Erstbestellung Vorauskassa Quellenstraße 110, A-1100 Wien T. +43(0)1 489 3961-0 Zuschläge F. +43(0)1 489 3961-7 [email protected] • Mindermengenzuschlag www.szabo-scandic.com • Trockeneiszuschlag • Gefahrgutzuschlag linkedin.com/company/szaboscandic • Expressversand facebook.com/szaboscandic FXYD6 (Human) Recombinant with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant Protein (P01) and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is Catalog Number: H00053826-P01 FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Regulation Status: For research use only (RUO) Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 Product Description: Human FXYD6 full-length ORF ( (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been AAH18652, 1 a.a. - 95 a.a.) recombinant protein with shown to induce channel activity in experimental GST-tag at N-terminal. expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and Sequence: FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the MELVLVFLCSLLAPMVLASAAEKEKEMDPFHYDYQTL C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-FXYD5 (Aa 164-178) Polyclonal Antibody (CABT-BL1575) This Product Is for Research Use Only and Is Not Intended for Diagnostic Use
    Anti-FXYD5 (aa 164-178) polyclonal antibody (CABT-BL1575) This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. PRODUCT INFORMATION Immunogen Synthetic peptide: GKCRQLSRLCRNHCR, corresponding to C terminal amino acids 164-178 of Human Dysadherin. Isotype IgG Source/Host Goat Species Reactivity Human Purification IgG fraction Conjugate Unconjugated Applications WB Cellular Localization Cell Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Format Liquid Buffer 0.5% BSA, Tris buffered saline, pH 7.3 Preservative 0.02% Sodium Azide Storage Shipped at 4°C. Upon delivery aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles. BACKGROUND Introduction This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-631-624-4882 Fax: 1-631-938-8221 1 © Creative Diagnostics All Rights Reserved expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Genetic Analyses and Functional Assays for the Interpretation of Rare Variants in Pediatric Heart Disease
    The use of genetic analyses and functional assays for the interpretation of rare variants in pediatric heart disease A dissertation submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular Genetics by Jeffrey A. Schubert Bachelor of Science, Mount St. Joseph University, 2012 Committee Chair: Stephanie M. Ware, M.D., Ph.D. Edmund Choi, Ph.D. Benjamin Landis, M.D. Anil Menon, Ph.D. David Wieczorek, Ph.D. Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 2018 ABSTRACT The use of next generation technologies such as whole exome sequencing (WES) has paved the way for discovering novel causes of Mendelian diseases. This has been demonstrated in pediatric heart diseases, including cardiomyopathy (CM) and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Each of these conditions carries a high risk of a serious cardiac event, including sudden heart failure or aortic rupture, which are often fatal. Patients with either disease can be asymptomatic before presenting with these events, which necessitates early diagnosis. Though there are many known genetic causes of disease for both conditions, there is still room for discovery of novel pathogenic genes and variants, as many patients have an undefined genetic diagnosis. WES covers the protein-coding portion of the genome, which yields a massive amount of data, though it comprises only 1% of the genome. Sorting and filtering sequencing information to identify (sometimes) a single base pair change responsible for the patient phenotype is challenging. Further, interpreting identified candidate variants must be done according to strict standards, which makes it difficult to definitively say whether a coding change is pathogenic or benign.
    [Show full text]
  • Renoprotective Effect of Combined Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Histone Deacetylase
    BASIC RESEARCH www.jasn.org Renoprotective Effect of Combined Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Histone Deacetylase † ‡ Yifei Zhong,* Edward Y. Chen, § Ruijie Liu,*¶ Peter Y. Chuang,* Sandeep K. Mallipattu,* ‡ ‡ † | ‡ Christopher M. Tan, § Neil R. Clark, § Yueyi Deng, Paul E. Klotman, Avi Ma’ayan, § and ‡ John Cijiang He* ¶ *Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; †Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; ‡Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and §Systems Biology Center New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; |Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and ¶Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York ABSTRACT The Connectivity Map database contains microarray signatures of gene expression derived from approximately 6000 experiments that examined the effects of approximately 1300 single drugs on several human cancer cell lines. We used these data to prioritize pairs of drugs expected to reverse the changes in gene expression observed in the kidneys of a mouse model of HIV-associated nephropathy (Tg26 mice). We predicted that the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor would maximally reverse the disease-associated expression of genes in the kidneys of these mice. Testing the combination of these inhibitors in Tg26 mice revealed an additive renoprotective effect, as suggested by reduction of proteinuria, improvement of renal function, and attenuation of kidney injury. Furthermore, we observed the predicted treatment-associated changes in the expression of selected genes and pathway components. In summary, these data suggest that the combination of an ACE inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor could have therapeutic potential for various kidney diseases.
    [Show full text]