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Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War": Melville's Vision of Race, Reconciliation, and America's Tragic Knowledge

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Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2005 "Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War": Melville's vision of race, reconciliation, and America's tragic knowledge AmiJo Comeford University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Comeford, AmiJo, ""Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War": Melville's vision of race, reconciliation, and America's tragic knowledge" (2005). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/kln9-pgw2 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BATTLE-PIECES AND ASPECTS OF THE WAR: MELVILLE’S VISION OF RACE, RECONCILIATION, AND AMERICA’S TRAGIC KNOWLEDGE by AmiJo Comeford Bachelor of Arts Southern Utah University 2000 Master of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2003 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in English Department of English College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3226611 Copyright 2006 by Comeford, AmiJo All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3226611 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by AmiJo Comeford 2006 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dissertation Approval UNIV The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas A p r il 10 ■ 20 06 The Dissertation prepared by AmiJo Comeford Entitled Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War: M elville's Vision of Race. Reconciliation, and America's Tragic Knowledge______________________ is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English 7r~ xamination Committee Chair. Oùj2 .(^ ^ Q ^ Dean of the Graduate College inahan Committee WLember Examm^on Committee Member, _________________________ Graduate College Faculty Representative 1017-52 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Battle-Pieces and Aspects o f the Wan Melville’s Vision of Race, Reconciliation, and America’s Tragic Knowledge by AmiJo Comeford Dr. Joseph McCullough, Examination Committee Chair Professor of English University of Nevada, Las Vegas Civil War and Reconstruction America has both fascinated and stumped scholars for decades. Nineteenth-century Americans daily confronted a myriad of contradictions about race and reunion that needed, yet eluded, reconciliation. Questions of race and reunion were by no means polarized into only two perspectives for many Americans; rather, a tremendous middle ground existed, a middle ground in which people like Herman Melville tried to make sense of a confusing political and social climate that struggled to find a place for union, equality, and liberty for all Americans, white and black. One of the best examples of this difficulty in trying to define the topsy-turvy political and social chaos that encompassed the years of war and the months that followed the cease-fire was Herman Melville’s bookBattle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, published in 1866. Battle-Pieces presents a forward-thinking perspective that in many ways looks ahead to Reconstruction America and to the development of what historians have begun to see as the “romance of reunion” that dominated postbellum politics and social remembrance well into the twentieth century. By utilizing the many different 111 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. voices that resounded so firmly after the Civil War ended, Melville created a powerful poetic rendering of the contradictions that stood both inside and outside the “romance of reunion. Melville did not hesitate to recognize heroism on both sides, differentiate between the people and the causes they supported, and most importantly define the most important link that could bind America together—common humanity. In so doing, Melville stood in the shadow of another great American, Abraham Lincoln. Though Melville devoted only one poem to Lincoln specifically, Lincoln’s philosophy of magnanimity and charity is evident throughout Battle-Pieces. Only by drawing upon a common history, a firm belief in democracy, and above all basic human kindness, could the nation truly experience the “new birth of freedom” that Lincoln envisioned in theGettysburg Address, a vision shared by Herman Melville. Battle-Pieces is not just Melville’s private reverie about the issues of his day. The book is Melville’s instruction for greatness to a nation ripped apart by eivil war, racial tension, and political partisanship. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 A HARP IN RECONSTRUCTION’S WINDOW.................................... I CHAPTER 2 SWAMP ANGELS AND FORMER SLAVES ; RACE AND REUNION IN BATTLE-PIECES.........................................39 CHAPTER 3 SHILOH AND GETTYSBURG; MELVILLE’S GUARDED OPTIMISM.......................................................................... 105 CHAPTER 4 “THE MARTYR”: LINCOLN AS FORGIVER, FATHER AND RECONCILER.................................................................................171 CHAPTER 5 TO BIND UP THE NATION’S WOUNDS: MELVILLE IN LINCOLN’S SHADOW...........................................................................224 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION: RESPONSES AND CONTEXT ............................... 284 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................................313 VITA .................................................................................................................................... 325 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to this project. First, I give a heart-felt thanks to Dr. Joseph McCullough for his constant encouragement that gave me solid direction when this project seemed too daunting and complicated. His interest in the dissertation never wavered from beginning to end and provided a constant reassurance that the project was worthwhile and valuable. Additionally, I owe a tremendous debt to my committee members. Dr. Robert Dodge, Dr. Richard Harp, and Dr. Elizabeth Nelson, for their advice, feedback, and dedication to making the dissertation a success. I would also never have finished this dissertation without the constant support of Dr. Patrice Hollrah whose sound and savvy advice kept me going through all the difficulties and obstacles that accompany writing a dissertation. I must also acknowledge one of the major inspirations for this project, my ancestor, Thomas Commeford, who joined the Federal army and fought honorably to save the Union. Most importantly, I acknowledge the unbending foundation of a loving family; without them I would never have found the motivation to finish. Thanks Geri, Robert, Robby, Hollie, and Tracee. Lastly, I acknowledge the tremendous sacrifice of so many thousands who believed in America and the promise that it held both for them and for their posterity and gave their lives to save it. In reading and writing about the Civil War, it is my hope that we all will remember those who sacrificed so much to give a new birth of freedom to the nation that we have inherited. VI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 1 A HARP IN RECONSTRUCTION’S WINDOW “I seem, in most of these verses, to have but placed a harp
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