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Home , 605 BC, 640 BC, Battle of Nineveh (627), David, Nebuchadnezzar I

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1 The Genealogy of

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2 The Cradle of Civilization

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Timeline -

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SUMER Shinar (in Hebrew) Sanhar (in Hittie) Sngr (in Egyptian)

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4 1ST DYNASTY 2nd DYNASTY ca 3500 B.C. ca 2330 B.C. 3rd DYNASTY Cities develop in Sargon of ca 2350 B.C. ca 2100 B.C. ca 2100 B.C. , forming conquers Naram-, -Nammu of Ur, , a city- the basis for Sumer and goes Sargon’s takes command state in Akkad, Mesopotamian to expand his grandson, of Sumer and emerges as an Civilization. domain. takes power. Akkad. imperial power.

AKKADIAN EMPIRE

ca 2500 B.C. ca 2280 B.C. Royal burials at Sargon dies, ca 2220 B.C. ca 2000 B.C. the Sumerian city- bequeathing control Ur destroyed by state of Ur include of his empire to his collapses following the invading Elamites. of Naram-Sin. human sacrifices. heirs. 4th DYNASTY

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5th DYNASTY OLD BABYLON KASSITE BABYLON 1792 B.C. 1595 B.C. ca 900 B.C. NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE Assyrians emerge 612 B.C. 539 B.C. becomes king of descend from as the dominant Babylonians Babylon falls to Babylon and the north and force in defeat Assyrians begins forging an conquer Mesopotamia and and inherit their of Persia. empire. Babylon. surrounding lands. empire.

BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

ca 1750 B.C. ca 1120 B.C. 689 B.C. 587 B.C. Hammurabi dies, King of falls to the leaving his code of takes power and destroys Babylonian army of laws as his chief launches a brief Babylon, which is later Nebuchadnezzar II. legacy. Babylonian revival. rebuilt. ASSYRIAN BABYLON

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OLD TESTAMENT TIMELINE

HISTORY OF HISTORY OF HEBREW PEOPLE HISTORY OF THE NATION OF ISRAEL

EXODUS AND UNITED DIVIDED CONQUEST KINGDOM KINGDOM EXILE AND RETURN 722 BC ASSYRIAN INVASION

2000 BC 1500 BC 1000 BC 931 BC ISRAEL NORTHERN

JUDAH 400 BC CREATION 606-536 BC FALL SOUTHERN RETURN FLOOD JUDGES BABYLONIAN BABEL EXILE

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7 Main Events Periphery Period

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8 Assyrian kings, Israel and

SINSARISKUN (killed in Battle of in 612 B.C.)

ASHUR-UBALLIT II (defeated at Harran 609 B.C.)

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MEDES PERSIANS Achaemenes (700-675 BC) (690-584 BC) (675-640 BC)

Astyages (620-554 BC) Cyrus I (640-600 BC) Ariaramnes (640-615 BC)

Mandane (584-559 BC) Cambyses I (600-559 BC) Arsames (615 BC) Cyrus The Great Hystaspes (Darius the Mede) (559-530 BC) (2 Chr. 36:22-23; Ezr. 1:1-4, 7-8; 5:13-17; 6:3; Is. 44:28; 45:1; . 1:21; 5:30; 6:28; 10:1)

Cambyses II (530-522 BC) Smerdis () (522 BC) Darius I (The Great) (522-486 BC) Pseudo Smerdis (Gaumata) (Ezr. 4:5; 5:6-7; 6:1; Hag. 1:1; Zec. 1:1)

Xerxes I (486-465 BC)

NEO-BABYLON Longimanus (465-424 BC) (Est. 1:1-4; Neh. 2:6) (626-605 BC) Darius II (424-404 BC) Amytis (630-565 BC) Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) (Neh. 12:22)

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9 The Kings of the Neo-Babylonian Empire

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Scattering of Ten Tribes

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And that night the of the LORD went out and struck down 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians. ~2 Kings 19:35

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11 And the called to the LORD, and he brought the shadow back ten steps, by which it had gone down on the steps of . ~Kings 20:11

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Behold, the days are coming, when all that is in your house, and that which your fathers have stored up till this day, shall be carried to Babylon. Nothing shall be left, says the LORD. ~2 Kings 20:17

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12 And some of your own sons, who shall be born to you, shall be taken away, and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of Babylon.” ~2 Kings 20:18

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Pharaoh Necho II, who had come to aid Assyria, marched on to conquer Harran. His army entered it, but the garrison which the king of Akkad (Nabopolassar) had left there defeated them.

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13 Nebuchadnezzar’s 3 Sieges of Judah 605 B.C. 597 B.C. 586 B.C.

King King Jehoiachin King

Daniel and princes 10,000 taken captive Jerusalem and taken captive; temple including ; temple destroyed partly looted temple looted

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Nebuchadnezzar invades Jerusalem three times

Babylonian Cyrus decrees Rule begins 587 B.C. return of to Jerusalem 609 B.C. 562 560 556 553 606 B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. 536 B.C. 539 B.C. 597 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar Amel- Nerig- Belshazzar Darius lisser Cyrus

Rise of Babylon Seventy-year Fall of Babylon prophecy ( 25:11)

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15 Cyrus decrees Xerxes crowns Artaxerxes return of Jews to as Queen authorizes Jerusalem of Persia to 1 rebuild Temple Jerusalem Rebuilt walls Walls 515 B.C. Rebuilt Nehemiah Cambyses halts returns to rebuilding work 445 B.C. 444 B.C. Jerusalem 530 B.C. 519 B.C. Nehemiah 536 B.C. 425 B.C. 479 B.C. goes back 457 B.C. to Babylon 432 B.C.

FIRST RETURN SECOND RETURN THIRD RETURN Under Under 5,000 Under Nehemiah 50,000 exiles Zechariah exiles 42,000 exiles To rebuild the 2 3 temple To rebuild Darius reissues Artaxerxes decrees Altar and Cyrus’ decree in to restore temple stronger terms Jerusalem and foundation overturning established a local built Samaritan disruption government 4

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Kingdoms during the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities

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16 Chronology is Out of Sequence

Ch Date / Time Marker Ch Date / Time Marker

1.1 3rd year of Jehoiakim Nebuchadnezzar besieges 6.28 prospered in reigns of Darius & Cyrus Jerusalem 587 BC 1.21 Daniel continued to 1st year of Cyrus 7.1 1st year of Belshazzar Daniel had a dream 539 BC /vision 553 BC 2.1 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar – dreams 604 BC 8.1 3rd year of Belshazzar 551 BC

3.1 Nebuchadnezzar makes an image of gold 9.1 1st year of Darius 521 BC

4.1 Nebuchadnezzar to all peoples nations & 10.1 3rd year of Cyrus [OG (LXX) states 1st year]* languages 537 BC

5.1 Darius the Mede received the kingdom 11.1 1st year of Darius the Mede 521 BC 521 BC 6.1 Darius divides the kingdom into 120 satrapies (divides the kingdom)

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Chronological Order of Daniel’s Visions

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17 Layout of Daniel’s Chapters 1 2 5 3 6

4 7 10

8 11

9 12

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Daniel’s Historical Chiasm Vision of kingdoms (’s) >Chapter 2

Trial of God’s People (furnace) >Chapter 3 Juicial Exaltation of God (conversion) >Chapter 4

Exaltation of God (judgment) >Chapter 5 Confrontational Trial of God’s People (lions’ ) >Chapter 6

Vision of kingdoms (Son of Man) >Chapter 7

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18 Daniel’s Prophetic Chiasm Prologue (Babylon’s Dominion) >Daniel 1

Kingdom Prophecies >Daniel 8 (sacrificialJuicial animals) Trial of God’s PEOPLE (forgiveness) >Daniel 9

Trial of God’s PEOPLE (mourning) >Daniel 10 Confrontational Kingdom Prophecies (king of the north / king of the south) >Daniel 11 Epilogue (God’s Kingdom) >Daniel 12

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Daniel 9 short-length prophecy vs. 22 Prince of broken

Daniel 8 intermediate-length prophecy vs. 31 Daily removed; Abomination of Desolation set up

Daniel 7 full-length prophecy vss. 32-34 Persecution of 3 ½ times (12:7)

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19 Christ as SACRIFICE Daniel 9 short-length prophecy

Christ as PRIEST Daniel 8 intermediate-length prophecy

Christ as KING Daniel 7 full-length prophecy

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Daniel 2 Daniel 7 Daniel 8

Babylon “And to him was 605-539 BC given dominion Medo- Persia and glory and a 539-331 BC kingdom…his Greece 331-168 BC dominion is an everlasting Pagan 168 BC-476 AD dominion…his Papal 538-1798 AD kingdom shall not Judgment be destroyed.” 1844 AD

Parousia ~Daniel 7:14

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20 “Tell us, when will these things be, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the close of the age?.” ~Matthew 24:3

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“So when you see the abomination of desolation spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand).” ~Matthew 24:15

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21 All the prophecies concerning Antichrist are derived from the primary predictions concerning “the abomination of desolation” found in Daniel.

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And answered them, “See that no one leads you astray. For many will come in my , saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and they will lead many astray. ~Matthew 24:4-5

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22 The coming of the lawless one is by the activity of with all power and false signs and wonders ~2 Thessalonians 2:9

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“Do not make yourselves unclean by any of these things, for by all these the nations I am driving out before you have become unclean, and the land became unclean, so that I punished its iniquity, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. ~Leviticus 18:24-25

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23 The worship of Asherah involved the worst kind of immorality imaginable. This was taking place in the courts of the temple of the living God in Jerusalem. (cf. 2 Kings 17:17; 21:4-7)

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Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel and removed them out of his sight. None was left but the only. ~2 Kings 17:18

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24 By the waters of Babylon, there we sat down and wept, when we remembered . On the willows there we hung up our lyres. ~Psalm 137:1-2

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For there our captors required of us songs, and our tormentors, mirth, saying, “Sing us one of the songs of Zion!” ~Psalm 137:3

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25 How shall we sing the LORD’s song in a foreign land? ~Psalm 137:4

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“For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope.” ~:11

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26 In our CAPTIVITY

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In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it. ~Daniel 1:1

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27 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with some of the vessels of the house of God. And he brought them to the land of Shinar, to the house of his god, and placed the vessels in the treasury of his god. ~Daniel 1:2

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Ruins of a Synagogue

“The of the synagogue began more than 500 years before Christ, during the Babylonian exile, when faithful Jews needed a way to worship God in the absence of a temple.”

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28 Then the king commanded Ashpenaz, his chief eunuch, to bring some of the people of Israel, both of the royal family and of the nobility, ~Daniel 1:3

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And some of your own sons, who shall be born to you, shall be taken away, and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of Babylon.” ~2 Kings 20:18

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29 “Build houses and live in them; plant gardens and eat their produce. Take wives and have sons and daughters.” ~Jeremiah 29:5-6

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“But seek the welfare of the city where I have sent you into exile, and pray to the LORD on its behalf, for in its welfare you will find your welfare.” ~Jeremiah 29:7

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30 In our CAPTIVITY In our IDENTITY

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youths without blemish, of good appearance and skillful in all wisdom, endowed with knowledge, understanding learning, ~Daniel 1:4a

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31 and competent to stand in the king’s palace, and to teach them the literature and language of the Chaldeans ~Daniel 1:4b

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The Babylonian curriculum included studying three languages: Sumerian (traditional sacred tongue), Babylonian (national dialect) and Aramaic (international language); the magical techniques of the Chaldeans; divination; predictions through celestial scanning; astronomy and astrology.

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32 The king assigned them a daily portion of the food that the king ate, and of the wine that he drank. They were to be educated for three years, and at the end of that time they were to stand before the king. ~Daniel 1:5

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Among these were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and of the tribe of Judah, ~Daniel 1:6

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33 And the chief of the eunuchs gave them : Daniel he called Belteshazzar, Hananiah he called Shadrach, Mishael he called Meshach, and Azariah he called Abednego. ~Daniel 1:7

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34 For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of him will the Son of Man also be ashamed when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy .” ~Mark 8:38

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In our CAPTIVITY In our IDENTITY In our LOYALTY

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35 But Daniel resolved that he would not defile himself with the king's food, or with the wine that he drank ~Daniel 1:8

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And God gave Daniel favor and compassion in the sight of the chief of the eunuchs, ~Daniel 1:9

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36 and the chief of the eunuchs said to Daniel, “I fear my lord the king, who assigned your food and your drink; for why should he see that you were in worse condition than the youths who are of your own age? So you would endanger my head with the king.” ~Daniel 1:10

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“Test your servants for ten days; let us be given vegetables to eat and water to drink.” ~Daniel 1:12

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37 Take with you seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and his mate, and a pair of the animals that are not clean, the male and his mate ~Genesis 7:2

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CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FOOD

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And God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food. ~Genesis 1:19

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39 and you shall eat plants of the field. ~Genesis 3:18

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So the steward took away their food and the wine they were to drink, and gave them vegetables. ~Daniel 1:16

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40 Now the serpent was more crafty than any other beast of the field that the LORD God had made. He said to the woman, “Did God actually say, ‘You shall not eat of any tree in the garden’?” ~Genesis 3:1

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“For that in the day you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” ~Genesis 3:5

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41 Then let our appearance and the appearance of the youths who eat the king’s food be observed by you, and deal with your servants according to what you see. ~Daniel 1:13

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At the end of ten days it was seen that they were better in appearance and fatter in flesh than all the youths who ate the king’s food. ~Daniel 1:15

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42 In our CAPTIVITY In our IDENTITY In our LOYALTY In our SUPERIORITY

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As for these four youths, God gave them learning and skill in all literature and wisdom, and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams. ~Daniel 1:17

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43 At the end of the time, when the king had commanded that they should be brought in, the chief of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar. ~Daniel 1:18

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among all of them none was found like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Therefore they stood before the king. ~Daniel 1:19

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44 And in every matter of wisdom and understanding about which the king inquired of them, he found them ten times better. ~Daniel 1:20

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At 4 in the morning I’m already awake. I spend time with the Lord first... I believe that the fear of God lies at the very foundation of true intellectual greatness. ~Jerald Pelayo

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45 those who honor me I will honor, and those who despise me shall be lightly esteemed. ~1 2:30

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46 In our CAPTIVITY In our IDENTITY In our LOYALTY In our SUPERIORITY

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“For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope.” ~Jeremiah 29:11

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48 So all the generations from Abraham to David were fourteen generations, and from David to the deportation to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the deportation to Babylon to the Christ fourteen generations. ~:17

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