INDONESIA
INTEGRATED EXTENSION SERVICES SUPPORT
TO SMALL SCALE FISHERIES
PARTICULARLY IN THE OUTER ISLANDS
A report prepared for the
Integrated Extension Services support To Small Scale Fisheries
Particularly In the Outer Islands
Project INS/83/014
based on the work
of
Mursidi Basuki
Fishing Technologist
January 1984 - August 1987
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Manado, 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Background 1 2. Terms of reference 1 3. Activities & achievements 1 .3.1 Training PPLs for Primary Target villages 2 3.2 Training of fishculture PPLs 2 3.3 Fishing trials 2 3.3.1 Bottom long line 3 3.3.2 Trammel net 3 3.3.3 Traps & pots 3 3.3.4 Mini purse seine 4 4. Fishermen study-tour 4 5. Follow-up training and recommendations 5 5.1 Batulubang 5 5.1.1 Background 5 5.1.2 Main problem 5 cc 5.1.3 Activities & achievements ._) 5. 1.'4 Recommendations 6 5.1.5 Recommended fishing gears 7 5.2 Bantaya 7 5.2.1 Background 7 5.2.2 Main problem 7 5.2.3 Activities & achievements 8 5.2.4 Recommendations 8 5.2.5 Recommended fishing gears 9 5.3 Bokori 10 5.3.1 Background 10 5.3.2 Main problem 10 5.3.3 Activities & achievements 10 5.3.4 Recommendations 10 5.3.5 Recommended fishing gears 10 5.4 East Nusa Tenggara 11 5.4.1 Background 1 1 5.4.2 Main problem 1 1 5.4.3 Activities & achievements 11 5.4.4 Recommendations 12 5.4.5 Recommended fisn1ng gears 12 6. Recommendations and conclusons 13 f.)ppendi ces .
Activities sheet 1984 Activities sheet 1985 Activities sheet 1986
Photos 1. Background.
As indicated in the project document, FAD was asked to provide a Fishing Technologist to work under the direction of and report to Project Director Integrated Extension Services Support to Small Scale Fisheries Particularly in the Outer Islands 2. Terms of reference. Under the overall supervision of the Project management team, he will be practically familiar with the common gear types in use in Indonesi~, both traditional and newly introduced, with experience in fishery extension work; and in association with government fishing staff, responsible for the trials and assessment of fishing gear prototype and demonstration fishing. 3. Activities and achievements. Prior to the project move to the new headquarter in Bitung, North sulawesi, a survey was held to gather information concerning 6 marine villages that had been selected as primary target villages 1. Purchase of two local boats of 10 m n 2,25 m x 1 m and 8 m A 6 m x 0,6 m and two canoes of 4 m x 0,35 m x 0,6 m. 2. Prepare training materials such as webbing, twine etc. and tools. 3. Prepare manuals for training such as a catalogue of fishing gear (translation), ~ manual of fishing gear and its methods and an operational guide for PPL. 4. Work together with fishing staff of BKPI Bi tung, planning operational programmes for next years. 1 3.1. Training PPL for primary target villages. Held at BKPI Aertembaga, the PPL training begun on 24 September 1984 and ended on 22 December 1984. The aim of the training was to motivate PPLs to be fishing minded and have the self confidence to go fishing, make fishing gear and modify gear as necessary. By having those skills it was expected that they could establish a good line of communication with fishermen. The first PPL training course in fishing was attended by 10 participants, the materials given to the trainees consisted of fishing gear materials, gishing methods and navigation. Fishing gear materials covered hanging ratio, cutting ratios, mending twine, repairing, webbing etc. Fishing gears construction such as gillnet, purse seine, pole and line, jigger line, trolling line were also taught. Among the fishing methods practiced by the trainees were handlining, jigging, longlining, gillnet use, traps and mini purse seines. PPLs were enthusiastic about the training. In the day time they made hand lines and jigger lines, and at night they went fishing to try the fishing gears they made. The training also covered techniques how to handle fish on boat using ice boxes. All the catch was given to processing PPLs who then process it. While the boat engines were maintained by the engine PPLs. This demonstrated the harmonious relationships among fishing, processing and engine PPLs which would be required for them to work together as a team in the PTVs. 3.2. Training of fishculture PPLs. Assistance was given to fishculturist in the training which was aimed at giving self confidence to PPLs that they could make gears for catching fish in the ponds. Guidance of how to make scoopnet using nylon multifilament of 3/4'' and 210d/6, aluminium as materials of stretched stick, a cast net mede of nylon multifilament of 3/4", cut webbing using correct cutting rate and join them, throw the cast net into the pond to cover the fish were all the materials given. 3.3. Fishing trials. Observation of the fishermen's fishing gear at Kwandang, Gbrontalo, Likupang, Lembe island were made to decide which fishing trials should be done and which fishing gears would be utilized in the trials. There were 4 types of fishing trials choosen. 3.3.1. Bottom long line fishing trial. Carried out by project and BKPI fishing staff, PPLs, the leader of the fisherm~n group and one student of Sam Ratulangi University, this trial was successfully done both in muddy bottom and coral bottom fishing ground, using simple and easy-to-find fishing gears of about Rp. 100.000 - Rp.200.000 per unit 2 depending on the length of the gear. 3.3.2. Trammel net fishing trial. BKPI fishing staff, PPL and two businessmen from Surabaya joined the project in this fishing trial done at the mouth of Ayong river of Labuan Uki region, about 180 km from Bitung. Due to hard rain, the first setting began at 4 o'clock in the morning, using 5 pieces of trammel net. The total catch consisted of 14 white shrimps (about 50-70 gram each), three of them were mature. Th~ second trammel net fishing trial was done in August 1986 participated by BKPI fishing staff, 2 staff of "Duyung l 3.3.3. Traps or pots fishing trial. Pots . and traps are widely used in Indonesia especially along the coast of North Sulawesi. The trial was carried out by project, BKPI, LIPPI and local fisheries office fishing staff, in april 1986 using a 100-HP boat. 12 pots of several different sizes were pulled by marine engine; skipper echosounder type 607 were used. The main target of the trial was Heterocarpus shrimp which live at the depth of 300-700 meters 3.3.4~ Mini purse seine fishing trial. The trial was carried out using two boats. One boat 4. Fishermen study-tour. Assistance was given to the leading fishermen from North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara who participated in the study tour to South Sulawesi, 31 March to 9 April 1986. The writer served as a resource person in the study-tour discussions concerning fishing aspects of the coastal rural community development. Fishing aspects which the participants felt interested in were trammel net operation and bottom long line for catching shark. Giltong 5. Follow up training and recommendation. 5.1. Batulubang. 5.1.1. Background. Batulubang a village belongs to Bitung region lies at Lembeh island. It i~ separated from Bitung by Lembeh strait. Although Bitung and Batulubang were aparted by a 1 km strait, ironically there was a great difference in the type of boats found in both places. In Bitung, pole & line fishing units using engine of 160 HP and mini purse seine fishing units using outboard motors of 4 25-40 HP were often seen; while in BatulL\bang there were only handline fishing units L\sing small fishing boats called Jukung (a dL1g-oL1t canoe withoL\t engine) which is sometimes equipped with spear-gun and petromax, handline and sail. The sail is often fL\nctioned as a tent in the rain. 5.1.2. The main problem. Limited fishing ground and simple fishing units they got resulted in a minimum catch, hardly coL\ld they sell the catch to market just enough for their own lives. 5.1.3. The activities and achievement. Having been trained for 3 months, 3 PPLs were posted at PTV Batulubang to mix with the fishing community and get involved with their problems. Since there wer only small dug out canoes without engine, fishermen could not go to farther fishing ground to get more fish. Project lent "Medi a Mina 05", a boat 1r;i th an outboard motor of 45 HP to pull 15 fishermen small canoes to farther fishing area, known as 'gandengan system·. 1. lobsters 12.282 1. 250 15.352.500 4.264,50 .., .<... coral fish 26.976 750 20.232.000 5.620,00 total average daily income 9.884,50 The increase was 97,69/. of the total average daily income of 1984 5 d. The improved conditions of the road, houses, household applicables and nutrition of the family. Assistance was given to train fishermen's wives to make a better making of ornamental lobster decoration 5.1.4. Recommendation. a. Resources. The pelagic and demersal stock in the water of North Sulawesi are believed to be nearly unexploited resources. So the 'gandengan system' could be developed providing that the local fisheries office, BKPI and other fisheries institutions will participate in searching for potential fishing ground such as Gorontalo to catch tuna and lobsters, and coral fish in Sangihe islands. It is hoped that the system can be managed professionally in the future, not only pulling some canoes/jukung to fishing area but also covers the handling of the catch on board, more advanced techniques of catching lobsters and its marketing. The PPLs should help the fishermen deciding and electing the leader of the group. b. Marketing. By the openiDg channel of Manado, Denpasar and Los Angelos, there is a large opportunity to develop the marketing of fisheries commodity from this area. It needs private investors to continue what the project and BKPI had done for two years, providing the basic needs for fisheries development in Batulubang. It is expected that BKPI and fisheries office could help the fishermen marketing the lobsters. If there is no problem in marketing, fishermen would be enthusiastic in fishing and utilizing the proce~sing hall provided by the project. b. The sustainable of resources. Due to the large seasonal variability of lobsters and fish stock abundance, in south monsoon, nothern part of Sulawesi is a suggested fishing location. While in the west monsoon the southern part 6 number of certain fishing unit especially soma cang' will damage the coral fish stock. (photo 14) When the above mentioned three factors can be managed well, Batulubang could be expected as a prototype of coastal rural development. 5.1.5. Recommended fishing gears. a. Lobsters gillnet. Spear-gun ('bajubi ') is ~idely used to catch lobsters in Batulubang at the depth of 7 meter. It is therefore suggested to try lobster gillnet at the depth of more than 7 meter using nylon multifilament gillnet of 210 d/12, mesh size of 4 inches and 10 mesh depth (hanging 50%). The length of the net depends on the 1 arge of the area, the 1 arger the l anger. (see append i ;.; ) b. Trammel net. It is used to catch both consumption shrimp and wild stock shrimp breeders. In the rainy season it is better to catch shrimp at the mouth of rivers along the coast of Nofth Sulawesi such as in Labuan Uki, Inobonto, Marisa. c. Bottom longline and vertical bottom long line. The increasing demand of shark liver oil increases the demand of sharks too. Handroller is introduced to help the bottom and vertical long lines operation. (fig. 1, 2 and 3) d. Circle hooked hand line. The main target of this gear is skipjack which would be effective if the unit is completed with f.a.d. rompong (fig. 4) e. Encircling gillnet (skipjack surrounding net) For catching skipjack this gear is operated close to f.a.d. 'rompong' using lamps. (fig. 5) 5.2. Bantaya 5.2.1 Background The fishing village Bantaya is located along the west coast of Kecamatan Parigi of Central Sulawesi. The fisheries resources both pelagic and demersal are believed very abundant. Thereare 1500 fishermen, mostly have canoes and only 43 fishermen have 6 - 12 HP. powered fishing vessels. The types of fishing gear operated in this area are handline, traps (sero), speargun and encircling net (giopsl. Handline is intended to catch a larger pelagic species, especially skipjack. While traps and spear-guns are operated in shallow rocky bottom waters. The catches are mostly demersal fish such as Snapper and Grouper. Giops are operated in deeper waters. 5.2.2. The main problem. The fishermen needed to get more effective fishing gears. 7 Yetf they were afraid of taking risks to try a new gear ir1hi ch would be too expensive for them 5.2.3. Activities and achievement. To solve the mentioned problem, PPS and PPL worked together with fishermen modifying the local fisheries office's mini purse seine by adding the webbing. Gu~dance was also given to the PPLs and PPSs to make several kinds of simple fishing gears such as : a. Pukat rompong The success of the existence of PPLS is indicated by : Due to more catch The modification of giop gear set into mini purse seine, as introduced by PPL. It is reported that fishermen repaired their house and even built a new one. 5.2.4. Recommendation. 5. 2. 4. 1 • Par i g i . LIPPI must support PPLs by giving them motivation and train them to have more skills. Then credit and other facilities can be given to fishermen if necessary; and regular evaluation of what they have done is also needed. 8 5.2.4.2. Central Sulawesi in general. The fisheries resources in the surrounding waters of Central Sulawesi i.e. Makasar strait in the west, Tomini Bay in the north, Banggai island in the east are believed very abundant. a. Makasar strait (Palu bay>. 1. The fast development of using bottom longline to catch shark caused the increasing of shark landed in this area. It is therefore important for the local fisheries office to limit shark size which can be caught. For example it is forbidden to catch the shark less than 5 kg to keep its existence. 2. The fishermen should process the shark meat into salt-fish, dried-meat or side-dish. 3. Local fisheries office can support the local fishermen to exploit the fish fries resources and its marketing. A mariculture using this fry should also be introduced to the fishermen. b. Tomini Bay. 1. It is unfortunate that the development of mini purse seine at Parigi decreased the income of 300 handline fishermen. To solve the problem it is suggested to the local fisheries office and PPL to guide the handline fishermen to form groups to enable them to make a big rompong to catch larger pelagic species such as Skipjack, and tuna likes which are more marketable especially fresh fish tuna for 'shashimi ·. 2. The local fisheries office could support the local fishermen to exploit Roundscads jQg£§Ri§CY§ §QQ~> and Sardine 1§§C~ing!!~ spp.), as highly needed for long line baits. c. Banggai island & Tolo Bay. 1. Lobsters and coral fish stock in this area are believed to be nearly unexploited resources. It is suggested to the local fishermen to exploit lobsters and coral fish. 2. Several kinds of simple fishing gears such as lobster gillnet, traps and speargun can be developed by UPMB and introduced to the fishermen. Fishing gear that can be developed in Bantaya, are Pukat rompong 9 Bokori. 5.3.1. Background. Located on the island of Bokori, Southeast Sulawesi, Bokori lies about 10 km from the province's capital Kendari. There are three kinds of water in southeast Sulawesi shallow muddy bottom waters along the saoutheast shore, shallow rocky bottom waters and deep waters. The fishing units found a~e mostly small scale fishing units such as handline, traps, cast net, pots and spears. There are only 252 canoes with simple fishing gears facilities. Besides there are several modern fishing units such as tuna longline and skipjack pole and line fishing units. That is why only a little part of the fishery resources that were exploited. 5.3.2. The main problem. Coral reef destruction caused by coral mining and catching fish us{ng bombs, are the main problems. Although the government through extension and sanctions for those who break the law tried to prevent it, it seems it is not effective. 5.3.3. The activities and achievements. 1raining and guidance to PPLs and PPSs to make and operate bottom longline and gillnet were carried out with some fishing trials participated not only by PPLs and PPSs but also by the fishermen groups. In cooperation with Post Harvest Technologist PPLs were guided to process shark meat and make better shark liver oil. (photo 17 & 18) The above activities were aimed at increasing the income of the fishermen with the involvement of fishermen's wives in fish processing, and to reduce the coral reef mining and the use of bombs. 5.3.4. Recommendations. a. In cooperation with UPMB, utilizing the fishing boat and fishing gears provided by project INs/83/014, the training can be held to support the local fishermen to develop their potential fishery resources. b. The 'gandengan system' can be introduced by forming fishermen groups who can use big rumpong to catch large pelagic species such as Skipjack and tuna like fishes. c. Local fisheries office should introduce culturing turtle and tripang (sea-cucumber) as an income generating alternative. 5.3.5. Recommended fishing gears. a. Shallow muddy bottom waters. Mullet gillnet and trammel net are suitable in this area to 10 catch shrimp both for consumption and breeders. The increasing demand of shrimp for export and development of hatchery are expected to encourage those fishing units development. b. Shallow rocky bottom waters. Portable pots, American type pots, Buton type pots, vertical longline and lobster gillnet can be operated in this area, to catch lobsters and coral fish. c. Deep waters. Longline and big rompong 5.4. East Nusa Tenggara. 5.4.1. Background. It is reported that the fishery resources in this area are very abundant. Most fishing units operated in this area were traditional small scale fishing units. Most fishermen used canoes. This province is left behind the other provinces with problems of limited capital and skills to manage fishing grounds especially in Kupang and Ende. The surrounding coastal waters consisted of shallow rocky bottom and deep waters. The fish landing from Maumere waters in 1985 was 6.066 ton. 931 ton of tuna like fish and skipjack was bought by PT Bali Raya from September 1985 to June 1986. The value was approximately Rp. 825.000.000. 5.4.2. The main problems. Problems encountered are different in each area. In Ende and Kupang, the limited fishing ground was the problem. In Wuring 5.4.3. Activities and achievements. Training PPLs and follow up guidance were carried out emphasizing on how to make gilltong (gillnet with pockets> and operate it to catch shrimp 11 operate bottom long line gear. d. One PPL was functioned as a Fishing master as he could modify bottom long line and trusted by both fishermen and the private company. (fig.9) e. 5 fishermen in Ende are now using sail, the same model as the one introduced by project. 5.4.4. Recommendation. Since the fisheries resources in East Nusa Tenggara is not exploited except in Kupa~g Bay, it is recommended to the local fisheries offices to increase the UPMB's involvement in the sea trials for the improvement of fishermen in the area and providing actual data to investors. In Ende and Kupang trials should be emphasized on catching demersal fish such as shark, red snapper, grouper, shrimp, silver pompret along the Timer island, South of Flores sea, Rote island and Sumba island. While in Maumere it should emphasize on pelagic fishes such as skipjack, squid, tuna etc. 'Gandengan system' can be introduced and carried out for the fishermen to enable them to go to further fishing area. Participation and intense assitance from local fisheries office are necessary for its success. Strong recommendation is given to the local fisheries office to post a fishing PPL in Maumere that is still vacant. 5.4.5. Recommended fishing gears. a. Bottom longline. This gear is designed to catch demersal fishes such as deep shark, red snapper, grouper. Hand roller and cicle hook (fig. 9> can be used to develop this gear effectively. b. Vertical bottom long line. It is suitable to be used on rocky bottom waters. This gear i scompl eted \.'Ji th iron rod si n~~ers (diameter 3/8" and 180 cm lenth> attached on the branchlines so that the main line does not touch the rocky bottom. (fig. 5) c. Silver pomfret gillnet. It is operated on the estuarium of river and muddy bottom area in Timor and Flores. It is targetted to catch silver pomfret which have good market in Java and Singapore. d. Shrimp nets. There are many kinds of shrimp net such as trammel net, coastal shrimp net (fig. 101, bottom drift net (fig. 11) bottom drift net for live prai.-m. (fig. 12) e. Lobster gillnet. PT. Bali Raya promised to loan gears to catch lobsters on the condition that fishermen would have to sell the catch lobsters to them. -f. Drifting mini longline. This gear is recommended to catch marlin found easily on the south of Ende water. g. Surface big pot. The combination of big pot and kerosene lamp is effective to catch pelagic fish. 12 h. Kerosene lamp modification. It is used on the operation of mini purse seine, lift net, speargun, surface pot, jigger line etc. i. Jigger line. This gear is god for catching squid, found many along the north Flores sea. j. Trolling line with two boats. Used by a small sail/engine boat, the target is skipjack. k. Skipjack mini purse seine. In the moonlight when live bait is less this gear is suitable to catch skipjack. 6. Recommendations and conclusions. a. Small scale fisheries with their own special characteristics might ~reate problems that might hinder the progress of their development. It is therefore necessary to really understand them and try to solve those problems. b. It is recommended to BKPI that for future PPLs training the curriculum must be arranged according to the field need and supported by complete fishing gear materials, boats and good instructors. The training should be done in such a way that at the end of the training PPLs will have the skill and willingness to apply what they get from the training to the fishing community. c. To support PPLs after being posted at the PTVs, PPLs must be equipped with boats, engines and profitable fishing units. since it is not easy to determine which fishing units are profitable, it requires sharp analysis of the villages· environment and some interview with progressive fishermen to get the information. d. It is recommended to the fisheries office to utilize the PPLs optimally in trying to solve those problems to which PPLs ability and capability in the field could be relied on. e. It is very important that PPLs as managers of the fishing groups create a situation in such a way that fishermen have a sense of belonging to the groups and that in the future they can take benefit from those groups. f. The role of UPMB must be enhanced in the application of trials the result of which will affect the fishermen in the area and to provide actual data to investors. 13 Anne>: 7. 2 Activities sheet (1984) No. Date Place Activities l. Januar-·y Semarang Pre-survey preparation 2. 4 ·- 21 Jan. Central & Pre-survey of the Southeast Sulawesi proposed project area ·-'.< March Semarang Official 4. 8 - 20 April Maumere, l.>Juri ng, Pre-survey Ende, l 6. 1 1 ,June Man ado Arrival in new HQ ,...,..,. 7. .L._"t. - 25 June l 8. 1 (l ~{ 11 ~July Batulubang Fishing gear observation 9. 16 21 ,July B~ 10. July ~{ Aug. BKPI Establish fishing gear workshop for training, design fishing gear construction, list equipment needed and fishing trials 11. P1ugust Gorontalo, Fishing gear observation Likupang, Kwandang 1 Septembet- T;:i.ndLwusa Purchase a boat of 8 '-' 1 , 6 >: 0 , e:, m 13. 24 September BKPI 22 December 14. 30 October-· Nain island Purchase a boat of 10 ;.: '.2 , '.25 >: 1 m Anne>: 7. :::.:; Activities sheet <1985) No. Date Pl ac~"? Activities 1. 23 Jan--7 Feb. Maumere, Ende, Assist PPl in carrying l .-~ .<:.. ~2(> February Batulubang Assist PPl in the field ..,. ~'. 19 Mar·--::.:; April Bokori, Parigi Assist PPL in the field r::;a::.- 4. ..:..,J - 30 April l ·:r <= 6. ._, ,_) May Jakarta Purchase some fishing mater·i al 7. 17 July Bl r·~ r'\' 8. LL July BKPI 2-boat system fishing trial 9. 29 July -- BKPI PPS/PPL meeting 1 {-\ugust 1 o. 10 August Batulubang 'Fishermen arisan meeting 11. 28 August - Jakarta, Sail and fishing 16 September l 1 ''.,_. 28 September Batulubang/ Marketing lobster Bl 1 ··:r . ·-·. 1 (l October Parigi Follow-up training 11 November 14. 14 -- 20 Nov. Ende Follow-up training 15. December Semarang Home--1 eave Anne>: 7. 4 Activities sheet <1986) No. Date Place Activities 1. 28 J anuar··y Bl 9 - 15 Feb. Palu Project evaluation meeting 4. Bl r") "7' J"'" • .L.~.. ) March Ujung Pandang Group training 6. ~.so Mc:1r-ch Lolak 11::..J April 7. 19 Apri 1 l 8. May Bl 9. 1 (l 25 June Semarang Home--1 eave 1 o. 3(> June Lolak Trammel net fishing gear 1 July r) 11. ..:.. July Mc:1nembo-nembo Hatchery consultancy 12. July Making vertical bottom longline 13. 4 August Likupang Trammel net fishing trial r-;rr) 14. ..l....4.. 31 Aug. Labuan l.Jki Trammel net fishing trial .11::.- '-'· 1 1 19 Sep. l 16. Oct. /Nov. Bl 1"7. December BKPI Testing of gear Terminal report. Photo 1. Demonstration after training. Photo 2. Handlining on board. Photo 3. Hand-roller. 0noto 4. Results of sea-trials conducted after training. Photo J. Result of bottom long-line trial. Photo 6. Spawner for hatcheries. Photo 7. Pots for Heterocarpus spp. Photo 8. Heterocarpus spp. Photo 9. Demonstration of how the pots are pulled. Pnoto 10. "Gandengan system" at PTV Batulubang. Photo 11. Result of the "Gandengan system". Photo 12. Lobsters for souvenirs. Photo 13. 10% of the eggs are being bred. 11 11 Photo 14. Life coral fish caught with Somacang • Photo ·:5. The sail-expert trained PPL of Ende making a better sail Photo 16. The result. Photo 17. Handling of shark on board to get the liver oil. Photo 18. Training of making a better quality of liver oil. Photo 19. PPL train fishermen using shrimp-net at Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Photo 20. PPL & PPS and fishermen modified mini purse seine. Photo 21. Centrophorus spp. caught at fishing trial at Ende. Photo 22. Making shark liver oil at Ende. Photo 23. Training of women group to make kinds of food from shark meat. Photo 24. Diversification of shark meat. Photo 25. Results of mini purse seine trial. I >-- Q_ llJ 0. "'- ~·.. --.. ---\,-:------ci ---- :L G rr--- ~ x l/) ~ w I l/) LL: I _J 0 ~ I ' 0 ~ 1 ' r '~...-- PA fl40NO 0 1.5- 2.0 ~m. - BRONZE ROO Q 3.0 mm. f. 1·. .,- LEAD SIHKER 0.08 Kg. -· BRONZE ROD \ S.S. WIRE No. 22, .Sm u1- HOOK No.16 LOCALl H South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Sulu Sea, Cele bes Sea Pacific Ocean. inland seas and Rul fs VESSEL' Outriggered banca Outriggered banca L.0 .A. 92 m 12.0 - lk.0 C.T. I • ~ 1.5 - 2.0 H. p. 16 160 CR£ 1,i 1-2 5-6 FIG. 5 Structure of vertical line type bottom longline. ..--1121 -(2l (6) I 1 Trunk i1ne !21 Marker float ::rie (3) Branch line (4) Fishing lil!le 15, Fishing nook 161 Pressure c~sistant float (7) Snap (8) Swivel :91 Sinker 1iron barl (101 Hook .1111 Marker float (12) Marker flag 113. Anchor (14! Breaking line FIG. 6 PUKAT RCMPONG. Hto'fa 70 FIG. 7 : POKAT LOLOSI • . ~" Hot..J6f':tt....AHeFJT rJo 32 FIG. 8 : ENCIRCLING NET. ' ! llt>c~ 106 .. 1. " Ji co, l'-fyt..oa.J ,~. P-~,~~~~,..-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~r~ .te ~., ~ --~- t t t t t t. t ff ~¢..SM/I'< .s, .... ~ ... (.os~) - buoy line 0 9 M/M - main line 0 7 M/M - every hook has 1 piece of rubber sponge of 30 gram 3 pieces of rubber sponge are attached on the main line and placed on every 8 - 10 hooks FIG. 10 BEACH SEINE Target : spawner of shrimp A -.,~ e' ~------e c: 7"" :' .. c: '· ··' Back view Front view :J..{:," 4 c p' l.D ------~ Pe .:t. 100 l)" Jo NC ~ D f''1e-...- ...... ------_--_-_---:_:-'1F" ------ JO'll( • Fig. 11 Bottom drift net with pocket along the foot. Crowder Scoop-nets Figure 4 - Chumming and bait tank gear