INDONESIA INTEGRATED EXTENSION SERVICES SUPPORT TO SMALL SCALE FISHERIES PARTICULARLY IN THE OUTER ISLANDS A report prepared for the Integrated Extension Services support To Small Scale Fisheries Particularly In the Outer Islands Project INS/83/014 based on the work of Mursidi Basuki Fishing Technologist January 1984 - August 1987 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Manado, 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Background 1 2. Terms of reference 1 3. Activities & achievements 1 .3.1 Training PPLs for Primary Target villages 2 3.2 Training of fishculture PPLs 2 3.3 Fishing trials 2 3.3.1 Bottom long line 3 3.3.2 Trammel net 3 3.3.3 Traps & pots 3 3.3.4 Mini purse seine 4 4. Fishermen study-tour 4 5. Follow-up training and recommendations 5 5.1 Batulubang 5 5.1.1 Background 5 5.1.2 Main problem 5 cc 5.1.3 Activities & achievements ._) 5. 1.'4 Recommendations 6 5.1.5 Recommended fishing gears 7 5.2 Bantaya 7 5.2.1 Background 7 5.2.2 Main problem 7 5.2.3 Activities & achievements 8 5.2.4 Recommendations 8 5.2.5 Recommended fishing gears 9 5.3 Bokori 10 5.3.1 Background 10 5.3.2 Main problem 10 5.3.3 Activities & achievements 10 5.3.4 Recommendations 10 5.3.5 Recommended fishing gears 10 5.4 East Nusa Tenggara 11 5.4.1 Background 1 1 5.4.2 Main problem 1 1 5.4.3 Activities & achievements 11 5.4.4 Recommendations 12 5.4.5 Recommended fisn1ng gears 12 6. Recommendations and conclusons 13 f.)ppendi ces . Activities sheet 1984 Activities sheet 1985 Activities sheet 1986 Photos 1. Background. As indicated in the project document, FAD was asked to provide a Fishing Technologist to work under the direction of and report to Project Director Integrated Extension Services Support to Small Scale Fisheries Particularly in the Outer Islands <Project INS/83/014) in Special Service Agreement with this organization. 2. Terms of reference. Under the overall supervision of the Project management team, he will be practically familiar with the common gear types in use in Indonesi~, both traditional and newly introduced, with experience in fishery extension work; and in association with government fishing staff, responsible for the trials and assessment of fishing gear prototype and demonstration fishing. 3. Activities and achievements. Prior to the project move to the new headquarter in Bitung, North sulawesi, a survey was held to gather information concerning 6 marine villages that had been selected as primary target villages <PTV>. Those villages were Batulubang, Bantaya, Bokori, Namosain, Paupanda, and Wuring. From the survey it was found that fishing gears used by fishermen in the above six fishing villages were different one to another. In some PTVs.fishermen used small purse seine with outboard motors (25-40 HP> or even of 165 HP <using pole and line). On the other hand, in some other PTVs fishermen only used dug-out canoes of 4 meters length and 0.35 m width and hand line as fishing gears. In some areas sails were used. Bearing that in mind, it was the job of the writer together with his counterpart staff to work together deciding suitable, economical and profitable fishing gears for small scale fishermen and to modify existing gears for the benefit of the fishermen. It is for that purpose that the PPL training was executed for 3 months to t~ain PPLs and give them guidance/skills since it is the PPLs who will directly deal with the fishermen and their problems. Before the training began, the following preparations were made. 1. Purchase of two local boats of 10 m n 2,25 m x 1 m and 8 m A 6 m x 0,6 m and two canoes of 4 m x 0,35 m x 0,6 m. 2. Prepare training materials such as webbing, twine etc. and tools. 3. Prepare manuals for training such as a catalogue of fishing gear (translation), ~ manual of fishing gear and its methods and an operational guide for PPL. 4. Work together with fishing staff of BKPI Bi tung, planning operational programmes for next years. 1 3.1. Training PPL for primary target villages. Held at BKPI Aertembaga, the PPL training begun on 24 September 1984 and ended on 22 December 1984. The aim of the training was to motivate PPLs to be fishing minded and have the self confidence to go fishing, make fishing gear and modify gear as necessary. By having those skills it was expected that they could establish a good line of communication with fishermen. The first PPL training course in fishing was attended by 10 participants, the materials given to the trainees consisted of fishing gear materials, gishing methods and navigation. Fishing gear materials covered hanging ratio, cutting ratios, mending twine, repairing, webbing etc. Fishing gears construction such as gillnet, purse seine, pole and line, jigger line, trolling line were also taught. Among the fishing methods practiced by the trainees were handlining, jigging, longlining, gillnet use, traps and mini purse seines. PPLs were enthusiastic about the training. In the day time they made hand lines and jigger lines, and at night they went fishing to try the fishing gears they made. The training also covered techniques how to handle fish on boat using ice boxes. All the catch was given to processing PPLs who then process it. While the boat engines were maintained by the engine PPLs. This demonstrated the harmonious relationships among fishing, processing and engine PPLs which would be required for them to work together as a team in the PTVs. 3.2. Training of fishculture PPLs. Assistance was given to fishculturist in the training which was aimed at giving self confidence to PPLs that they could make gears for catching fish in the ponds. Guidance of how to make scoopnet using nylon multifilament of 3/4'' and 210d/6, aluminium as materials of stretched stick, a cast net mede of nylon multifilament of 3/4", cut webbing using correct cutting rate and join them, throw the cast net into the pond to cover the fish were all the materials given. 3.3. Fishing trials. Observation of the fishermen's fishing gear at Kwandang, Gbrontalo, Likupang, Lembe island were made to decide which fishing trials should be done and which fishing gears would be utilized in the trials. There were 4 types of fishing trials choosen. 3.3.1. Bottom long line fishing trial. Carried out by project and BKPI fishing staff, PPLs, the leader of the fisherm~n group and one student of Sam Ratulangi University, this trial was successfully done both in muddy bottom and coral bottom fishing ground, using simple and easy-to-find fishing gears of about Rp. 100.000 - Rp.200.000 per unit 2 depending on the length of the gear. <photo 5) The disadvantage of the gear was that the main line is easy to hang on coral when the current is strong and it is difficult to clear. That is why it is recommended that to catch shark using this gear only if the shark fishing ground is free of obstacles including coral. The fact that this gear is effective to catch shark and that the demand of shark liver oil is increasing as demonstrated by the Indonesian export of shark liver oil to Japan in 1984-1986 (15 billion rupiah). 3.3.2. Trammel net fishing trial. BKPI fishing staff, PPL and two businessmen from Surabaya joined the project in this fishing trial done at the mouth of Ayong river of Labuan Uki region, about 180 km from Bitung. Due to hard rain, the first setting began at 4 o'clock in the morning, using 5 pieces of trammel net. The total catch consisted of 14 white shrimps (about 50-70 gram each), three of them were mature. Th~ second trammel net fishing trial was done in August 1986 participated by BKPI fishing staff, 2 staff of "Duyung l<encana" hatchery and PPLs using 5 pieces of trammelnets with 7 times setting in three nights. The total catch consisted of 2 white shrimps iE~D~~Y§ ~~C9Y!~D§!§l, the others were E~D§~Y§ §m!§Y!£§iy§, and bottom fishes. The weight of the shrimp was more than 100 grams each. The mature Penaeus Merquiensis was Rp. 5000 each while the Penaeus Smisulcatus was Rp. 7000/kg in local market. (photo 6) It showed that catching live shrimp in Nrn-·th Sulawesi has a good prospect. From the results of the trials, it can be concluded that this type of fishing gear is better operated in the rainy season <November - March), using about 20 pieces of trammel nets. For catching bottom fishes it is necessary to use bigger twine and mesh size trammel net. 3.3.3. Traps or pots fishing trial. Pots . and traps are widely used in Indonesia especially along the coast of North Sulawesi. The trial was carried out by project, BKPI, LIPPI and local fisheries office fishing staff, in april 1986 using a 100-HP boat. 12 pots of several different sizes were pulled by marine engine; skipper echosounder type 607 were used. The main target of the trial was Heterocarpus shrimp which live at the depth of 300-700 meters <photo 8). This shrimp is very expensive in America and may become a good export commodity or tourist consumption in the local restaurants. A North Sulawesi waters beginning from Tanjung Kasasey to Malalayang was selected for the ~rial fishing ground.