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THE FATAL STAMP Effigies, Raging Fires, Houses Wrecked and Defraying “The Expences of Defending, Protecting, Looted, Rampant Propaganda, Swelling Outrage

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THE FATAL STAMP Effigies, Raging Fires, Houses Wrecked and Defraying “The Expences of Defending, Protecting, Looted, Rampant Propaganda, Swelling Outrage Number 108 / Spring 2015 MHS Miscellany THE FATAL STAMP Effigies, raging fires, houses wrecked and Defraying “the Expences of defending, protecting, looted, rampant propaganda, swelling outrage. and securing” the colonies meant, in short, paying Welcome to Boston, 1765. the salaries of British troops who were stationed In March 1765, Parliament passed, and George in North America with nothing much to do since III assented to, the Stamp Act. The resulting un­­- the close of the French and Indian War. Tensions rest arguably marks the start of the American between American colonists and British forces, Revolution. Two hundred and fifty years later, the not at all helped by the Stamp Act, would continue MHS commemorates the passage (and popular to mount, coming to a dramatic head in the Boston rejection) of the Stamp Act with the exhibition, Massacre four years later. now on display, God Save the People! From the The response in Boston was vehement. Stamp Stamp Act to Bunker Hill. To tell the story masters, agents commissioned to admin- of the coming of the American Revo- ister the tax, faced the very real threat lution in Boston, this exhibition fol- of gang and mob violence. One such lows the evolution of colonial thought figure, Andrew Oliver, was hanged and political action through the let- in effigy from what would later be ters and diaries of men and women called the Liberty Tree, and a mob caught up in the conflict, together ransacked his home—after they had with political cartoons, newspapers, leveled the stamp office—in the first maps, and portraits. Stamp Act riot, on August 14, 1765. The Stamp Act required that a wide The next day, Cyrus Baldwin wrote range of legal and trade documents, to his brother Loammi describing the as well as newspapers and even dice and playing riot and reporting Oliver’s resignation: cards, carry official stamps of differing values. It It is reported that Mr Olver the said Stamp Master offended colonists for a number of reasons and wrote to the Governor & Counsel that it was not exacerbated the sense among patriots that they worth while for him or any body else to accept the suffered under tyrannical rule. It was the first time office of a Stamp Master in this place. Tis hopd what Mr Oliver has Suffer’d will be Sufficient warn- Parliament had imposed a direct tax on the Ameri- ing to others not to take Offices that Encroach upon can colonies—that is, a tax implemented without American liberty. the consent of colonial legislature—amounting to Oliver was not alone in that opinion. Many stamp taxation without representation. What we know as masters throughout the colonies were intimidated the Stamp Act has a much longer title, and the first into resigning their posts. Oliver’s papers, which half of the title is helpful in highlighting another offer a fascinating glimpse into the life of a colo- reason for the backlash: nist who found himself on the wrong side of the An act for granting and applying certain Stamp burgeoning conflict, reside at the MHS. Duties, and other Duties, in the British Colonies and Plantations in America, towards further defraying the Expences of defending, protecting, and securing the same . Preserving America’s Past Since 1791 MHS Miscellany 2 Another man much maligned by the patriot cause—the Though this article has mused on the unwitting villains most hated man in Massachusetts, in fact—was Lt. Gov. of the story, exhibition visitors (and anyone who crosses Thomas Hutchinson. Like Oliver, Hutchinson suffered a our threshold, physically or virtually) will be treated to mob attack on his property in consequence of the Stamp highlights from our matchless collections on the Revolu- Act. On August 26, rioters looted and wrecked his Boston tion’s heroes, including John and Abigail Adams, Samuel home. Another of his properties suffered a different fate: Adams, John Hancock, Joseph Warren, Josiah Quincy, Paul years later, when Hutchinson was exiled and living in Lon- Revere, and many more. It is no accident that the don, James and Mercy Otis Warren, among his most vocif- Society’s collecting on the American Revolu- erous opponents, acquired his country estate in Milton. tion has such extraordinary breadth and depth: the MHS was founded in 1791 to collect, preserve, and communicate the young nation’s history, by people who lived through it. Given the richness of our collect- ing, the MHS is naturally the site of significant scholarship on the Revolu- tion. In April, the Society encouraged new scholarly approaches to the topic with the conference “So Sudden an Altera- tion”: The Causes, Course, and Consequences of the American Revolution. The conference featured a key- note address by Woody Holton, the McCausland Professor of History at the University of South Carolina, “‘Not Yet’: Left: Thomas Hutchinson, portrait by Edward Truman, 1741. Above: Samuel Adams, engraving by Paul Revere, 1774. Facing: Screenshot of the comparison tool feature of Perspectives on the Boston Massacre, a new presentation on the MHS website. The Massachusetts Historical Society is an independent research library that collects, preserves, makes accessible, and communicates manuscripts and other materials that promote the study of the history of Massachusetts and the nation—a mission it has pursued since 1791. MHS Miscellany, no. 108 Address: The Officers & Board of Trustees of the Periodical Newsletter of the 1154 Boylston St. Massachusetts Historical Society Massachusetts Historical Society Boston, MA 02215 617-536-1608 Chair Trustees Life Trustees Masthead illustration: www.masshist.org Charles C. Ames Benjamin C. Adams Bernard Bailyn “Plan & Elevation of the Tontine Hours: Co-Vice Chairs Oliver F. Ames Leo Leroy Beranek Crescent, now erecting in Boston.” The MHS reading room is open to the Nancy S. Anthony Frederick D. Ballou Levin H. Campbell From the Massachusetts Magazine, public free of charge, 9 am to 4:45 pm Frederick G. Pfannenstiehl Levin H. Campbell, Jr. Henry Lee 1794. All images are from the MHS Joyce E. Chaplin collections unless otherwise credited. Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Secretary Trustees Emeriti William C. Clendaniel The MHS occupied the Tontine Cres- and Fridays; 9 am to 7:45 pm on Tues- Judith Bryant Wittenberg Nancy R. Coolidge Herbert P. Dane cent from 1794 until 1833. days; and 9 am to 4 pm on Saturdays. Treasurer Arthur C. Hodges Amalie M. Kass Front cover: Detail from Boston- For more information: William R. Cotter James M. Storey Anthony H. Leness John L. Thorndike Gazette, and Country Journal, Please call ahead or check the website G. Marshall Moriarty Hiller B. Zobel October 7, 1765. Back cover: Stephen for directions, information about col- Lisa Nurme Minot Weld, January 1862. All pho- lections, reading room policies, holi- President Lia G. Poorvu tographs by Laura Wulf / all images day hours, and special events. Dennis A. Fiori Byron Rushing from MHS collections unless other- Paul W. Sandman wise noted. Joseph Peter Spang William N. Thorndike 3 Spring 2015 / no. 108 The Originality Crisis in American Revolution Studies,” and largest artifact, deserving of the care we take to maintain a proposal by Boston University Professor of History Bren- all of our collections. When the scaffolding comes down in dan McConville, “The Great Cycle: The Professional Study July, we hope you won’t notice the change, but our gigantic of the American Revolution, 1960–2015.” poster will certainly be missed. Visit www.masshist.org/collections/online?bmode=topics and browse by “Era of the Revolution” to explore our many Nine Civil War online presentations on the topic, and come investigate the Collections Digitized & nation’s complicated past in the halls of our 1154 Boylston Street building. God Save the People! From the Stamp Act to Microfilmed Bunker Hill is on display from February 27 to September 4, The Society has more than 3,600 separate collections of 2015; it is free and open to the public Monday through Satur- family and personal papers, and for 224 years, the MHS day from 10 am to 4 pm. has balanced preservation and accessibility issues relat- ing to those historical materials. We have achieved goals From the President in both areas for 9 Civil War manuscript collections thanks I often get questions about our location. Now it cannot be to a recently completed project funded by the Institute of missed. By the time you read this, the walls of our build- Museum and Library Services through a program admin- ing will have been transformed into a huge poster—in the istered by the Massachusetts Board of Library Commis- form of a wrap that surrounds the scaffolding supporting sioners. MHS staff digitized every page in each collection, our latest building conservation project. The balustrade created preservation-quality microfilm, and developed a capping our walls has badly deterio- web presentation of sequences of more than 9,000 digital rated due to what is called rust jacking. images. As one member of the Society’s Collections Com- Unknown to us, water had been leaking mittee exclaimed, “Researchers will love this. They can into the roof beams for decades. As they work with these collections at home; in fact they could stay rusted, encrustation grew, which pushed in their pajamas and still do research!” up the limestone balustrade. Not until The nine featured Civil War collections relate to six offi- the tilting and cracking were identified cers (Richard Cary, Norwood Penrose Hallowell, Francis during an engineer’s routine structural William Loring, Edward Miles, Charles F. Morse, and Ste- inspection did the problem become evi- phen Minot Weld), one surgeon (Charles Briggs), one pri- dent. Over the winter, the same Indiana vate (Edward Burgess Peirce), and one superintendent in quarry that produced the balustrade in the U.S.
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