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Revista Astronômica REVISTA ASTRONÔMICA ABRIL 1997 ‘ N°255 **255 , A bril dc 1997 \<. ISSN IMI44-9253 REGISTRO ,\ACIONAI. DE LA REVISTA PROPIF.DAD INTELECTUAL V 713.154 I .i Dirccción dc Ia Revista no sc responsabiliza por Ias opiniono vertidas por los autores dc los articul«>s publicados 0 ASTRONÔMICA \ por los dalos contcnidos cn ellds. Av Patrícias Argentinas 550. 1405 Buenos i ‘ h Airc.v. Argentina O ir c c íiím postal C C 369. Correo Central. Fundador: CARLOS CARDALDA lOOOÜucnús Aires. Argentina e-mnil revaM «iu aa org:ár Organo de Ia Asociación Argentina DIKKIOK: Amigos de Ia Astronomia lo g . A ristia n R u s q u e lla s Entídad Sin fines dc lucro cop pcrsoncria jurídica por decreto dc M aço 12 dc 1937. inscripta cort cl S K RETARIOS DE REDACCTÕN: numero C/1.H12 Incluidacn cl Registro Nacional de Entidades dc Bien Público çon el.N* (jl24 Ing Carlos I Angucira Vézquc/ RI: V IST A A STRO N Ô M IC A es marca registrada dc In Asociaciim Argentina Amigos de !a Astrono­ S t Roberto Miickintosh m ia S r C iustnvo l>. R o d rig u c / SE( C TO N ES M J AS: Observatório: Ing, Carlos I. Angueira V a / q u e / Óptica: Sr Rodolfo Caprio SUMARIO Rxdioastronomía: Ing Jesus l.òpc/ Educaciún: Sr AJejandm I Blain CÚMULOS GLOBULARES (PARTE I)...........................3 EOIOGKAEÍA: DESDE EL ANTEOJO ASTRONÔMICO HASTA Sr Alcjondro I. Blain D l A G R A M \< I Ó N : ROEMER.................................................................... 10 Ine ( nstian Rusqucllas BREVE GUÍA DE LAS CONSTELACIONES 11 ( O RR K Í IÓN: ................ Sr Miguel A Baixmc NOTICIERO RADIO ASTRONÔMICO...........................16 CANJK: srta Gloria I Roítmon OBSERVACIONES VISUALES DE ER CARINAE Y EFEMÉRIDES: R MUSCAE................................................................ 18 Ing Cristian RusquclUt- ESTÚDIO DE ESTRELLAS DOBLES CON CCD 20 PRESIDENTE: REGIONES OSCURAS EN CÚMULOS Sra Cilorin I Roitman Vl< EPRESIDENTE: GLOBULARES.......................................................... 22 Ing Cristian Rusqucllas SECRETARIO: TORMENTAS DE POLVO EN EL POLO NORTE Arq Adriana M Volpe MARCIANO................................................................ 24 PROSECREI VRIO: Ing Ricardo I Sánche/ LA VISITA DEL COMETA 22P/KOPFF........................ 25 TF.SORERO: NOTICIAS DE LA ASOCIACIÓN................................. 26 S t J o s c M A ln n i PROTI SOREKO: UN REFLECTOR DE FOCO CORTO CON CORRECTOR l)i José (’ Coldararo V O C A L E S rrn LARES: DE COMA PARA LA FOTOGRAFIA DE OBJETOS DE Sr Alejandro I Bluin “CIELO PROFUNDO11................................................ 27 Ing ( urlo\ I Angueira Va/que/ Sr Enrique Pereira dc l.uecna In g Je s u s l. ò p c / . / \ Sr Demostenes Baudracco S i Ne M or R o s s o EDITORIAL V<X M ES SI PI .EM IS: En esta ocasión el Editorial sirve para salvar una lamentable omisión. Sra I clicia Oni/ Noguera Sr Mauricio lknhct En el Numero 254. nuestra revista lució en Ia tapa una magnífica fotografia Sr Jorge Wcsclka dei cometa Hyakutakc. En el lugar correspondiente, transcribimos Ias carac­ COMISIÓN REVISOR \ DECT EM A S: terísticas técnicas de ladestacable toma. pero olvidamos algo muy importan­ Prnf. Alejandra Seniei te: su autor, el Lie. Martano Ribas, que tan gentilmente nos Ia cediera. l)r. J u u ji C arlo s R o d rig u c / ( ont I ahian Rodriguc/ Hasta Ia próxima los saluda. El Director Imptcso cn C O G TA l. Rivadavia 767. Buenos Aires O _ O 2 «D NlfFSTRA TAPA: Foto tomada por Héctor Lepez. Hugo Miray Ricardo Gil • . FRAWOUfcO PAGADO Concas<m N" 2926 Hutton (Observatório Félix Aguilary Universidad Nacional de San Juan). n " u S | 1 Télescopio astrogrâfico de 0.5m de Ia Estaciòn de Altura "Carlos U. Cesco" Exp. 15 min. emulsión APX100, Focus 17,3. 2 • A B R IL 1997-255 REVISTA ASTRONÔMICA CÚMULOS GLOBULARES (PARTE 1) Por Marisa Faraggi y Evelia Hemández INTRODUCCIÓN Lus nebulosas y los cúmulos estelares llamaron su I I presente texto, sc halla dedicado a aquellos aficiona­ atención y además dc los ya conocidos, dcscubiertos por dos a Ia Astronomia que atraídos por los cúmulos globulares Lacaillc y Messier cn 1'rancia. Herschel dcscubrió un número (C.G.) quicran oblener información sobre los mismos. Moti­ muy superior y los ordenó en diferentes catálogos. Asl pudo vadas por Ia inexistência de un trabajo completo que resuma estudiar sus distintas características y formas como también gran parte de los datos obtenidos hasta el momento por los su distribución cn cl cielo. siempre con cl fin dc una represen- profesionales. trataremos aqui de brindarles material sufi­ tación de la estruetura dei Universo. Gracias a sus potentes ciente para capacitados, como asl también incentivados a telçscopios Herschel pudo determinar la naturalcza estelar de investigar > profundizar sobre los temas que les resultcn muchas dc Ias manchas o nebulosas observadas. interesantes. para que hugan sus propias observaciones y Posteriormente en 1887. J. L. Dreycr publicó otro de los saquen sus conclusiones. catálogos muy usados actualmentc. el N E W G E N E R A L La información cn Ia que se ha basado este trabajo, ha C A T A LO G U E (Nucvo Catálogo General), que encontramos sido extraída dc una amplia bibliografia (detalladaal final) en abreviado como NGC. Ia que sc incluyen defmicioncs gcnerales de los C.G.. su Otros observadores dc cúmulos fueron Lord Rossc evolucion. una breve resefla histórica y últimos trabajos (astrônomo irlandês) que allá por cl afio 1845. observa con un realizados. gran tclescopio cl cúmulo M 13 y dibuja tres líneas cn forma Asirnismo se informa sobre metodologia de trabajo: dc Y detinidas lucgocomo líneas negras, M. Roberts también como observar, cuales son los instrumentos mas adecuados trabajo sobre este tema alredcdor de 1960. Los cúmulos para su observacion > Ias técnicas empleadas globulares fucron incluídos primeramente junto con Ias nebu­ Esperamos que toda Ia información aqui depositada, les losas y Ias galaxias. Lo cicrto cs que. desde aquellos aflos sca dc utilidad para lograr sus objetivos hasta hoy mucho se ha progresadocn el campo de la Astrono­ mia y por lo tanto en el estudio dc los C.G.. HISTORIA SOBRF. CÚMULOS GLOBULARES Rccién a princípios de este siglo sc empieza a conside­ Con Ia apariciòn de los primeros telescópios, los astrô­ rar la Astronomia Lxrragalãctica. estableeiendo laexistencia nomos comen/aron a rastrear el cielo observando que adem ás de sistemas estelares extemos a la Via Láctea. Fue el astrôno­ de estrellas habia objetos nebulosos, no visibles a simple mo nortcamericano Edwin Hubble, quien en 1923 demostró vista. A medida que los telescópios sc perfcccionuban. más fehacientcmentc que ciertas nebulosas cran galaxias. Hubble objetos nebulosos iban aparecicndo. reconocio cn cilas desde estrellas individuales hasta ncbulo- Podriamos decir. que Ia observacion de C.G fuc algo sidades y cúmulos globulares; esto posibilitó ampliar los casual, ya que algunos astrônomos los identificaban para no conceptos sobre los mismos. pudiendo comparar los C.G. dc confundirlos con otros objetos de su interés. Un cjemplo de nuestra galaxia con otros similares pcrtenccicntes a otros esto fuc Charles Messicr quien cn 1784 crea el primer catálo­ sistemas. go que llcva su nombre (todavia en uso). La historia de los C.G. continua en la actualidad. gracias sín embargo. Ia historia de los C.G. se remonta a mucho al avance tecnológico, que como veremos en Ias páginas tiempo atrás. Disti azado a simple vista como una ncbulosidad siguientes. ha posibilitado un estudio mucho más profundo, de estrellas. Omega Ccntauri fuc registrado como tal por obfenicndo resultados sorprendentes. Ptolomeo Ldmund I lallcvW mi entras estudiaba el cielo dcl sur desde Santa Llena cn 1677. descubrio que Ias estrellas de DEFINICIÓN Omega Ccntauri dc Ptolomeo erun realmente un cúmulo. I I Lucgo de conoccr algo_dc su historia, y si sc quiere 14 dc abril de esc a Ao. el cometa de I lallcv y su globular seriar) estudiar y trabajar con C.G., es necesario familiarizarse con su cuarto aporte a Ia Astronomia ellos Nos preguntamos emonces: j,Quc es un cúmulo globu­ Sir John Herschel describió u Omega Ccntauri como el lar0 En pocas palabras puede definirse como una agrupaciôn más rico \ mus extenso objeto de su tipo en cl ciclo. Por otra de estrellas muy compacta, con la zona central más concentra­ parte. Arthur P Norton, cn su Atlas de estrellas los dcscribe da Pero esta dcfinición muy generalizada no basta, dc modo parecidos a cabe/as de cometas que profundizaremos algo más. Willium Herschel. nacido cn llannover en 1738. fuc En nuestra Galaxia existen condcnsacioncs dc estrellas otro de los observadores de'C.G Comenzò construycndo cn el núclcò y en el plano galáctico, pero también hay telescópios Su objetivo principal era observar más alia dei subsistem as mucho más dispersos y pequeflos que son los sistema solar y descubrir la estruetura dei Universo; para ello. cúmulos, que encontramos dentro de nuestra Galaxia y tam­ era necesario disponcr de instrumentos diferentes y de potên­ bién fucra dc cila, iodos cllos son objetos autogravitantes. cia cada vez mayor, para poder sondear un volumen de Con rcspeclo a su origen. no hay nada concreto que espacio cada vez más grande dei permitido n simple vista explique su nacimicnto y formación. solo puede hablarsc de REVIVI A ASTRONÔMICA 255-A B R IL 1997*3 teorias > swposiciones que denotan tm origen comím de su** cleo. F.l centro de dicha órbita debería coincidir con cl centro estrellas componentes. posiblcmente de Ia condensaciòri de de l.i galaxia. a unos 10.00(1 pc dei Sol Dado que el Sistema una gran nubo de polvo \ í j >. basados cm el movimiemo Solar se halla desplazado bacia uno dc los bordes dei sistema similar de l h L in sus estrellas I u cambio.
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