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Timeline of Scientific Studies, Water Management, and Major Events Affecting Water Resources Ground-Water / Surface-Water Intera

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Timeline of Scientific Studies, Water Management, and Major Events Affecting Water Resources Ground-Water / Surface-Water Intera Water— Essential Resource of the Southern Flint River Basin, Georgia 84°30' EXPLANATION Introduction Economic Activity Drainage subbasin boundary in the southern Flint River Basin— Water Quality Wildlife and Endangered Species What Is Being Done to Protect Water Resources? 32°30' Southern Flint River Basin encompasses approximately 5,800 square miles Abundant water resources of the Flint River Basin have played Georgia ranks Overall, there are few surface- or ground-water The swamps and wet- Scientific Studies and Monitoring Ground-water monitoring well 84° among the top a major role in the history and development of southwestern Continuous (48) quality issues in the area. Pesticide and nutrient lands of southwestern To ensure that adequate water supplies are available in south- Georgia. The Flint River—along with its tributaries, wetlands, and five states in concentrations in stream water within the Georgia provide unique Real-time (12)—Continuous recorder with satellite telemetry Real-time data at wells western Georgia, the GaEPD—in cooperation with the USGS— production of updated every 4 hours and displayed on the Web swamps—and the productive aquifers of the river basin are and gaging stations subbasins generally are below current drinking- plant and animal habi- has implemented scientific studies to better understand the Real-time streamflow data-collection gaging station (21) essential components of the area’s diverse ecosystems. These peanuts, pecans, can be accessed on water standards (Frick and others, 1998). tats. The Swamp of hydrologic system in the southern Flint River Basin. In these resources also are necessary for sustained agricultural, industrial, cotton, peaches, the World Wide Web at Nitrate concentrations in ground water rarely Toa—also referred to as studies, researchers are: and municipal activities. Increasing, and in some cases conflicting, rye, and toma- MACON http://waterdata.usgs. the Chickasawhatchee Buena gov/ga/nwis/rt exceed the drinking-water standard of 10 milli- • Collecting new hydraulic-property data for the Upper demand for water makes careful monitoring and wise planning and toes (Georgia Cotton field in the Kinchafoonee–Muckalee Creek 19 Swamp—is one of the subbasin. Photo by L. Elliott Jones, USGS Vista grams per liter (mg/L) (U.S. Environmental Floridan and surficial aquifers; management of southwestern Georgia’s water resources critical to Department of largest remaining, Protection Agency, 2000; Frick and others, 1998). • Obtaining accurate locations of pumping wells; the ecological and economic future of the area. This poster Agriculture, 2003). Irrigated agriculture provides Oglethorpe 26 Cypress trees in swamp. Photo by Nancy A. Norton, FRWPPC MARION SCHLEY relatively intact, fresh- presents the major issues associated with increasing competition much of the employment and income of the water swamps in the Southeastern United States. The swamp • Collecting and compiling ground-water-level, stream for water resources in the southern Flint River Basin. southern Flint River Basin as well as the tax base is a critical site for migratory birds, freshwater fish and mus- seepage, and offstream spring-discharge data; and that supports education, health care, and other F • Developing a transient finite-element model of ground-water l sels, and animal and plant communities. Many of these i n 2000 water use from Ellaville local community services. Abundant water t plant and animal species—such as the bald eagle, wood flow to simulate seasonal ground-water levels, stream- counties within the Southern Flint River Basin resources in the subbasins have been a factor in R stork, mussels (shinyrayed pocketbook, oval pigtoe, gulf aquifer interaction, and pumping-induced streamflow i APALACHICOLA– (Hutson and others, 2004) v DOOLY industry location decisions. e reduction. Computer simulations are used to help scien- CHATTAHOOCHEE–FLINT r moccasinshell), swamp buckthorn, and variable-leaved (ACF) RIVER BASIN Atlanta Water-quality sampling. Photo by Debbie Warner, USGS Indian plantain—are listed as feder- tifically predict future water availability. Surface Ground Hunting and fishing are important to the economy Americus 75 water water Kinchafoonee– ally or State threatened or endan- In addition to these scientific studies, the USGS—in coopera- 382 397 of the area. Reservoirs—such as Lakes Blackshear, Mgal/d Mgal/d Vienna F C l Muckalee Creek gered. “The Chickasawhatchee tion with the GaEPD—operates continuous streamflow and i h n Road 91 ALABAMA a t GEORGIA Chehaw, and Seminole—are widely used by t t 12L344 EXPLANATION a h subbasin Swamp purchase is our largest single ground-water-level monitoring networks in the southern Flint o Preston o 108 million gallons residents and visitors. Participation in noncon- ia c Flint Well and NO3 as N h e 12L357 R per day (Mgal/d) land purchase in recent history,” said River Basin. Many of the sites are “real time” and are linked e Middle Flint River subbasin Wellfield i 41 concentration, v River 280 R e sumptive activities—such as canoeing, bird of surface water STEWART r i v in mg/L, e Basin were used by one site Old Pretor (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/rt) r David Waller, Director of the Wildlife by satellite telemetry . 12L277 12L350 in the ACF River Basin watching, SUMTER 12L061 November 2001 62 in Early County 12L339 WEBSTER M Lake Lonesome Road Resource Division of the Georgia These data provide water planners with information necessary 12L348 Less than 4 outdoor e 32 u ° Blackshear iv 12L373 c 4 to 6 Department of Natural Resources to manage the area’s water resources. Southern Flint k 12K175 photography, a 12K129 K l 6 to 10 River Basin e N (GaDNR) “… and will allow us to in e Cordele and hiking— 520 c Greater than 10 280 er Road h C anderbilt Dr 91 0 0.5 1 MILE a V 12K101 Agricultural Water Conservation r preserve an environmentally signif- f Riv N is increasing. o e Georgia Veterans o e 0 0.5 1 KILOMETER Hard Up Road n k State Park F e icant piece of property for future Irrigation is costly, so farmers are LO e Base from U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000-scale digital data RI C D re generations as well as provide many enhancing the efficiency of irrigation A ek Wood stork, an endangered species. G 19 Concentrations of nitrate greater than 10 mg/L have been detected in ulf Photo by George Gentry of CRISP water from the Upper Floridan aquifer near Albany. These nitrate levels opportunities for outdoor education water use by installing low-pressure Me U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service xico occur in a small area and are not indicative of a regional problem. The and recreational activities such Lake Blackshear Dam USGS is conducting a study—in cooperation with Albany Water, Gas, nozzles and endgun shutoffs, and r and Light Commission—to monitor ground-water levels and water as hunting, fishing, bird watching, hiking and canoeing” improving uniformity and efficiency Bird watching is becoming increasingly e v quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer near the wellfield. popular. Photo above by Nancy A. Norton, i (accessed April 21, 2003, at http://nature.org/ 300 of their systems (Flint River Center-pivot irrigation Flint River Water Planning and Policy R TERRELL Photo by Mark Masters, FRWPPC Center (FRWPPC). Photo at right by RANDOLPH wherewework/northamerica/states/ Regional Water Council, 2001). Mark R. Welford, Georgia Southern EXPLANATION 82 t georgia/press/press438.html). Several organizations in the area work together to provide University. n i Land use in the southern Cuthbert l Dawson irrigation management and technology development research Flint River Basin LEE F A portion of the area was WORTH The Flint River is free to assist farmers in improving efficiency of agricultural water Urban and suburban Leesburg flowing (no impound- recently designated as the ments) for about 21 use and enhance net revenue. These organizations include: Agriculture Swamp of Toa Important Bird Albany miles between Lake Mercer Mill Blackshear Dam Area (IBA). The aim of the • Albany State University, Flint River Water Planning and Forest Spring TURNER (Crisp County Hydro- Shinyrayed pocketbook, an endangered mussel. Abrams National IBA program is to Photo by Sean Kelly and Stephen W. Golladay, Policy Center; Forested wetland Blue Hole electric Dam) and the Ichawaynochaway Creek subbasin Lake upper end of Lake identify and conserve key J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Newton, Georgia Water • Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission; Flint River Chehaw Chehaw. Down- breeding and feeding sites for birds. IBAs are considered by Urban and suburban data from stream to Lake • U.S. Department of Agriculture National Peanut Research U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1991; C 11L002 Seminole are approx- the North American Bird Conservation Initiative to be excep- h Data for other categories from i Laboratory; and c imately 75 miles of U.S. Geological Survey, 1977–80 0 10 20 30 MILES CALHOUN k tionally important for bird conservation (accessed April 21, a free-flowing river. s Lake Chehaw, just north of Albany, Georgia. a Albany • The University of Georgia, Stripling Irrigation Research Park. 0 10 20 30 KILOMETERS Morgan w 12L028 Photo by Nancy A. Norton, FRWPPC 2003, at http://www.audubon.org/bird/iba). h Blow Hole 82 a t Lake Seminole c h Radium Spring e e 31°30' C Swamp of Toa. Photo courtesy of Chip Evans, r I Lenz Design and Communications, Inc. c DOUGHERTY h a Swamp of Toa w Ground-Water/Surface-Water Interactions Drought Protection Act —Influences agricultural water use
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