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United States History © Holt Mcdougal from the MAINE: an ACCOUNT of HER DESTRUCTION Could Not Have Been Seen in the Blackness of That Compartment

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United States History © Holt Mcdougal from the MAINE: an ACCOUNT of HER DESTRUCTION Could Not Have Been Seen in the Blackness of That Compartment High School US History WEEK #2 Name _____________________________ Class________________________ Date_____________ U.S. Imperialism Lesson 2 The Spanish–American War Key Terms and People José Martí Political activist who worked for Cuban independence Valeriano Weyler General sent from Spain to Cuba to restore order in 1896 yellow journalism Reporting in newspapers and magazines that exaggerates the news in order to make it more exciting USS Maine U.S. warship that exploded in a Cuban harbor in 1898 George Dewey U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines Rough Riders Fighting unit led by Theodore Roosevelt in Cuba San Juan Hill Location of an important American land victory in Cuba Treaty of Paris The treaty that ended the Spanish-American War Before You Read In the last lesson you learned how the United States became an imperialist power and took over the Hawaiian Islands. In this lesson you will learn how the United States became involved in Cuba and fought a war with Spain. As You Read Complete a cause and effect chart as you take notes on the Spanish- American War. CUBANS REBEL AGAINST SPAIN economy thrived. But the Cuban What happened when Cuba rebelled economy collapsed in 1894 when a tariff against Spain? on sugar was imposed. Between 1868 and 1878 Cubans In 1895 Cubans began a second war fought their first war for independence for independence. The rebellion was led from Spain. The rebels did not win, but by José Martí. He was a Cuban poet and they did force Spain to abolish slavery in journalist who had been living in exile in 1886. After that, United States capitalists New York. Martí organized a campaign invested in sugarcane plantations in of destroying property, especially Cuba. American-owned sugar plantations, as a Sugar was the most important way of provoking the United States to product of Cuba. The United States was action. The rebels wanted the United the main market for the sugar. As long States to join their cause. as the United States did not charge a American opinion was mixed. Some tariff on Cuban sugar, the Cuban wanted to support Spain in order to keep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 100 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class________________________ Date_____________ Lesson 2, continued their investments safe. Others wanted to was written by a Spanish diplomat. It help the Cuban people win their freedom criticized McKinley for being weak. from Spain just as the United States had Although some Americans agreed that won its independence from England. the president was weak, they did not 1. How did Cuba’s two wars for want to hear this criticism from a independence affect American Spanish official. business interests? Only a few days after the letter was published, something worse happened. The battleship USS Maine was stationed in Cuba to protect American lives and property. On February 15, 1898, the ship exploded. The ship sank, and 260 WAR FEVER ESCALATES officers and crew on board died. The Why did Americans become angry cause of the explosion was not known. with Spain? However, newspapers blamed Spain. In 1896 Spain sent an army to Cuba Americans cried for war. to restore order. The army was led by 2. What two events led Americans to General Valeriano Weyler. Weyler call for war against Spain? rounded up the entire rural population of central and western Cuba. He kept 300,000 people as prisoners in concentration camps. That way they could not help the rebels. Thousands died of hunger and disease. WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS This story was widely reported in Where and when did the fighting the United States. Rival newspapers in take place? New York made the terrible events On April 20, 1898, the United States sound even worse. They exaggerated the went to war with Spain. The first battle brutality of the story in order to attract took place in the Philippines. The readers. These sensational stories Philippines had been a Spanish colony became known as yellow journalism— for 300 years. They had rebelled many reporting that exaggerates the news in times. In 1896 they began another order to make it more exciting. rebellion. William McKinley became president On May 1, 1898, the American naval in 1897. At that time, many Americans commander George Dewey sailed into wanted the United States to help the Manila Bay in the Philippines. His ships rebels against Spain. McKinley tried to destroyed the Spanish fleet there. In the find a peaceful solution to the crisis. His next two months, U.S. soldiers fought efforts had several positive results. Spain on the side of the Filipino rebels. The sent General Weyler home, changed the Spanish surrendered to the United concentration camp policy, and gave States in August. Cuba limited self-government. In Cuba, the American navy blocked Then two events made Americans off the harbor of Santiago de Cuba. very angry at Spain. The first was the Spanish ships could not leave. Then publication of a letter that insulted the American troops landed on the island in American president. The de Lôme letter June 1898. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 101 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class________________________ Date_____________ Lesson 2, continued One unit of volunteer soldiers was imperialism. President McKinley was called the Rough Riders. Theodore in favor of it. But some prominent Roosevelt was one of their leaders. They Americans presented a variety of helped win the important battle of San arguments against annexation. Booker Juan Hill. American newspapers made T. Washington argued that the United Roosevelt a hero. States should settle race-related issues at When the Spanish ships tried to leave home before taking on social problems the harbor, their fleet was destroyed. elsewhere. Labor leader Samuel This led the Spanish to surrender on Gompers opposed the treaty because he July 25. believed Filipino workers would Spain quickly agreed to a peace treaty. compete for American jobs. The Senate The Treaty of Paris granted Cuba its approved the treaty on February 6, independence. Spain gave Puerto Rico 1899. and the Pacific island of Guam to the 3. What three territories did the United United States. The United States paid States get from the war with Spain? Spain $20 million for the annexation of the Philippine Islands. The Treaty of Paris touched off a great debate in the United States about © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 102 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class________________________ Date_____________ Lesson 2, continued As you read about the Spanish-American War, write notes in the appropriate boxes to answer the questions about its causes and effects. CAUSES: HOW DID EACH OF THE FOLLOWING HELP TO CAUSE THE OUTBREAK OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR? 1. American business owners 2. José Martí 3. Valeriano Weyler 4. Yellow journalism 5. De Lôme letter 6. USS Maine EFFECTS: WHAT HAPPENED TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TERRITORIES AS A RESULT OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR? 7. Cuba 8. Puerto Rico 9. Guam 10. Philippine Islands © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 103 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class________________________ Date_____________ U.S. Imperialism Lesson 3 Acquiring New Lands Key Terms and People Foraker Act Law which ended military rule in Puerto Rico Platt Amendment Provisions in the Cuban constitution that gave the United States broad rights in that country protectorate A country that is partly controlled by another, stronger country Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino rebel leader John Hay U.S. secretary of state Open Door notes Message sent by John Hay to other countries to protect U.S. trading rights in China Boxer Rebellion Chinese rebellion against Western influence, 1900 Before You Read In the last lesson you learned how the United States and Spain fought over Cuba and the Philippines. In this lesson you will read how the United States continued its imperialism. As You Read Use a chart to take notes on the key events relating to the relationships between the United States and Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines, and China. RULING PUERTO RICO important to the United States, both for How did Puerto Ricans feel about maintaining a U.S. presence in the U.S. control? Caribbean, and for protecting a future Puerto Rico had become an canal that American leaders wanted to American territory as a result of the build across the Isthmus of Panama. In Spanish-American War. American 1900 Congress passed the Foraker Act forces landed in Puerto Rico in July that ended military rule in Puerto Rico 1898. The commanding officer declared and set up a civil government. The act that the Americans were there to protect gave the president of the United States the Puerto Ricans. But other U.S. the power to appoint Puerto Rico’s military officials insulted the Puerto governor and members of the upper Ricans. They spoke to them as children house of its legislature. Puerto Ricans and set limits on their personal freedom. could elect only the members of the Many Puerto Ricans began to resent lower house. the military government. The United States kept strict control Puerto Rico was strategically over the Puerto Rican people and their © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 104 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class________________________ Date_____________ Lesson 3, continued government. In 1917, however, Congress that the United States had annexed their made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens. It also islands. Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo gave them the right to elect both houses believed that the United States had of their legislature. betrayed the Filipinos after helping 1. Why did some Puerto Ricans resent them win independence. The rebels U.S. control of their government? believed that the United States was doing the same thing Spain had done— imposing its authority and infringing on the freedom of the people.
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