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Existing Passive AMD Treatment Systems Evaluation And Existing Passive AMD Treatment Systems Evaluation and Recommendations Carbon Run Site 42 AMD Discharge Passive Treatment System Carbon Run Watershed, Northumberland County Technical Report Prepared by Skelly and Loy, Inc. through the Trout Unlimited AMD Technical Assistance Program December 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE Background ...................................................................................................................................1 Existing Data .................................................................................................................................1 Existing System Characterization .................................................................................................3 Summary of Site Visit & Investigation .........................................................................................6 Carbon Run Upstream & Downstream of the Site 42 System Outfall .........................................9 Recommendations/Conclusions ..................................................................................................10 Appendices Appendix 1 - Tables and Graphs Appendix 2 - Laboratory Reports for Water Samples Collected June 4, 2013 Appendix 3 - Figures: Treatment System Location Map and Schematic Diagram/Layout - i - Background Shamokin Creek Restoration Alliance (SCRA) requested technical assistance through the Trout Unlimited AMD Technical Assistance Program to evaluate and provide recommendations for an existing AMD passive treatment system within the Carbon Run watershed. On June 4, 2013, Skelly and Loy, Inc. and SCRA personnel visited the Carbon Run Site 42 AMD passive treatment system to conduct water sampling, flow measurements where possible, field water quality measurements, and dye tracer tests in the vertical flow wetland (VFW) at the site. This report provides a summary of historic data and data collected during the site visit as well as recommendations for improving the existing treatment system effectiveness that in turn may provide improved restoration efforts for Carbon Run. Existing Data Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP), Bucknell University students under the direction of Dr. Carl Kirby, and SCRA have collected flow and water chemistry data for the raw Site 42 AMD discharge, different locations within the system including the final outfall, and upstream (CR2) and downstream (CR3) stations on Carbon Run from 1997 to 2011 relative to the existing passive treatment system. The Site 42 AMD discharge was identified in the Operation Scarlift Project No. SL-113 report by Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc. (1972) and results from the North Mountain Tunnel that drains the abandoned Bear Valley deep mine workings. The Site 42 AMD discharge is characterized as the highest contributor of iron, manganese, and acidity loading to the Carbon Run watershed upstream of the Site 49 Henry Clay Stirling Mine Pump Slope AMD discharge located approximately four miles downstream on Carbon Run. The passive treatment system was constructed in 1999-2000 and placed into operation in March-April 2000. The quality of the water chemistry data appears to be reasonable including the fact that a majority of the historic metal concentrations were reported as dissolved concentrations. Dissolved metals concentrations are more useful in correlating reported hot acidity concentrations and understanding the treatment effectiveness for adding alkalinity and precipitating the dissolved metals. Dissolved metals concentrations are also necessary to conduct geochemical modeling to predict treatment capabilities of the most common treatment materials including limestone and lime. Total recoverable metal concentrations provide a worst- case scenario for predicting treatment needs since one must assume that the entire concentration is dissolved, depending on the pH, and contributes to the acidity that requires alkaline treatment. Additionally, flow measurements were intermittently performed during water sample collection for chemical analysis by Bucknell University students/personnel. Simultaneous flow and water sampling are highly recommended to correlate concentration with flow, determine loading estimates, and evaluate trends in treatment based on flow conditions. Since the water quality sampling events for the treatment system outfalls typically did include flow measurement, it is reasonable to develop a correlation between variability in water quality of the treatment system based on flow. Prior to the system construction, including stations along Carbon Run, flow and water chemistry data were collected from 1997 to 2000 for the Site 42 AMD discharge by PA DEP and Bucknell University. The flow and water chemistry data were then used to develop a passive treatment approach for intercepting and remediating the AMD from the tunnel discharge at Site 42. This information revealed the following historic averages information (Table 1) for the Site 42 AMD discharge. - 1 - Table 1 Historic Average Flow and Water Quality of Site 42 Raw AMD Discharge (1997-2011) Total Hot Flow Field Sulfate Fe2+ T Mn T Al Alk. Fe Acidity (gpm) pH (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 351 5.48 112.5 18.82 15.15 2.22 0.18 23.9 16.6 Since the construction of the Site 42 passive treatment system, Bucknell University has conducted several assessments of the system effectiveness through the collection of water samples at various locations within the treatment system, the final outfall, and upstream and downstream of the outfall in Carbon Run. Dr. Kirby organized student research projects in 2001, 2005, and 2008 to evaluate the Site 42 passive treatment system and the resulting effects on Carbon Run, which were able to use pre-construction baseline data collected by students of Dr. Kirby’s during the pre-treatment assessment of Carbon Run (1998). Table 2 summarizes the historic data for the final outfall from the Site 42 passive AMD treatment system since its construction in 2000. Also note that additional compost was added to the compost layer in the VFW in 2003. However, the additional compost material was compacted and unevenly distributed across the surface of the VFW, which created channelizing and short-circuiting problems. In 2006, more compost material was added to the surface in an evenly distributed layer. Table 2 Historic Average Flow and Water Quality of Site 42 AMD Treatment System Final Outfall (2000-2011) Total Hot Flow Field Sulfate Fe2+ T Mn T Al Alk. Fe Acidity (gpm) pH (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 277 6.00 82.3 1.80 1.10 1.33 <0.50 -6.4 58.2 Data collected in Carbon Run prior to and following construction of the Site 42 passive treatment system in 2000 confirm the beneficial effects of the treated AMD discharge on the stream water quality by sampling upstream (CR2) and immediately downstream of the AMD (CR3). Carbon Run appears to be slightly net acidic with low iron and manganese concentrations upstream of the Site 42 AMD source (CR2), while the stream appeared to show increased iron, manganese, sulfate, and alkalinity concentrations downstream of the untreated AMD discharge (CR3). Table 3 summarizes the averages of the all of the historic data collected at the upstream and downstream of the Site 42 AMD discharge sampling stations in Carbon Run. - 2 - Table 3 Historic Average Flow and Water Quality of Carbon Run Upstream (CR2) and Downstream (CR3) of the Site 42 AMD Discharge (1997-2011) Hot AMD Cond. Alkalinity Sulfate T Fe T Mn T Al Field pH Acidity Discharge (µS/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) CR2 145 5.25 9.0 44.6 1.07 0.97 0.51 7.3 CR31 255 6.20 14.6 87.5 10.8 1.92 0.25 6.8 CR32 280 6.51 45.1 51 0.84 0.85 <0.50 -14.9 1Water quality measurements collected in 1998 prior to treatment system construction 2Water quality measurements collected from 2000 to 2005 following treatment system construction and operation; this location was relocated a few hundred feet downstream in order to be below the system outfall Based on this information for the AMD discharge and documented stream impacts, the SCRA personnel applied for and were awarded grant funding to design and construct the passive treatment system to intercept and remediate the Site 42 AMD discharge from the North Mountain Drainage Tunnel. The Site 42 AMD discharge (untreated) annually contributes 14.5 tons of iron, 0.14 ton of aluminum, 1.7 tons of manganese, and 18.4 tons of acidity to Carbon Run based on historic data from 1997-2011. A 2,000-gallon plastic tank partially filled with steel slag material was installed between the VFW and Pond 2 (settling pond) plumbed to accept water from the VFW and discharge into Pond 2. However, the steel slag was only operated intermittently for experimental purposes and demonstrated brief post-treatment positive effects on the small flow of water allowed to contact the steel slag in Pond 2 by imparting additional alkalinity and increased pH levels. Existing System Characterization The Site 42 AMD passive treatment system that is the subject of this technical assistance project was identified by SCRA as a priority for investigation because of the desire to restore water quality in Carbon Run and the reestablishment of aquatic life upstream of the Site 49 AMD discharge. However, several maintenance events since the system construction in 2000 including the addition of compost material to the VFW have been necessary to maintain the system operation and effectiveness. The Site 42 passive AMD treatment system
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