Summary Overview of of York Region's Urban Planning Direction
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Appendix 1: York Region Table of Contents 1 Introduction to York Region.....................................................................................3 1.1 Regional Description.......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Planning Direction..............................................................................................................5 2 Review of York Region’s Plans and Actions against Smart Growth Assessment Criteria..............................................................................................................................6 2.1 Development Location ....................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Historical Development Patterns ................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 Greenfield Development............................................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Redevelopment and Infill.......................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Changing Direction? The Centres and Corridors Strategy....................................... 13 2.2 Land-use Density............................................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 Historical Patterns .................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Increasing the Density of Greenfield Development.................................................. 16 2.2.3 Centres and Corridors .............................................................................................. 17 2.3 Land-use Mix ................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Employment and Housing ........................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 Transit Access and Mixed Use................................................................................. 18 2.3.3 Affordable Housing................................................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Big Box Retail ........................................................................................................... 19 2.3.5 Community Design ................................................................................................... 20 2.4 2.4. Scale of Development............................................................................................... 20 2.5 Location of Public Services.............................................................................................. 21 2.6 Transportation..................................................................................................................22 2.6.1 Modal Split................................................................................................................ 23 2.6.2 Roads and Highway Expansion ............................................................................... 23 2.6.3 Transit Expansion..................................................................................................... 28 2.6.4 GO Transit ................................................................................................................ 32 2.6.5 Cycling...................................................................................................................... 33 2.7 Connectivity ..................................................................................................................... 33 2.8 Streetscapes ....................................................................................................................34 2.8.1 Streetscapes............................................................................................................. 34 2.8.2 Highway 7 as a Mainstreet ....................................................................................... 34 2.9 Planning Process............................................................................................................. 35 2.9.1 Stakeholder Consultation ......................................................................................... 35 2.9.2 Measuring Progress ................................................................................................. 36 1 Appendix 1: York Region 2.10 Public Space .................................................................................................................. 36 2.10.1. Urban Design......................................................................................................... 36 2.11 Natural Heritage Conservation ...................................................................................... 37 2.11.1 The Regional Greenlands System ......................................................................... 37 2.11.2 Oak Ridges Moraine............................................................................................... 39 3 Overall Observations ..............................................................................................41 2 Appendix 1: York Region 1 Introduction to York Region 1.1 Regional Description York Region is a two-tier municipality, comprising nine area municipalities (Aurora, East Gwillimbury, Georgina, King, Markham, Newmarket, Richmond Hill, Vaughan and Whitchurch-Stouffville) and a regional council. The region covers over 1,756 square kilometres encompassing major parts of the Oak Ridges Moraine and parts of Lake Simcoe. These features are important water sources for the region’s rivers. The land use split is 45% farm land, 40% rural and 15% urban development.1 Since 1971, 160 square kilometres of prime farmland has been converted to urban use. This represents approximately one-and-a-half times the size of York Region in 1971.2 1 York Region. 2002. Official Plan Consolidation, p. 50. 2 York Region. 2002. Official Plan Consolidation, p. 36. 3 Appendix 1: York Region Map 1: York Region Regional Overview. 3 The regional population grew from 169,000 in 1971 to 713,000 in 1999; it is projected to reach 1.28 million by 2026 and 1.36 million by 2031. (See Annex 1 for table forecasting population and employment figures for area municipalities. This is an average annual growth rate of 2% (44.4% between 1991 and 2001), confirming its ranking as the sixth largest municipality in Canada. Over 70 % of the region’s population is concentrated in the three southern municipalities of Markham, Richmond Hill, and Vaughan. 4 Virtually all of the land south of the Oak Ridges Moraine, encompassed by these municipalities has been urbanized. The area north of the Moraine has been described as the “last fronter” for development in the region.5 Agriculture has historically been the primary economic driver in York Region, providing an important food source for an increasingly populated and industrialized area. As of 2004 there were approximately 50,000 businesses in the region employing 400,000 3 York Region 2004. Official Plan Office Consolidation (September 30, 2004), Map 5. 4 York Region. 2002. Transportation Master Plan, p. 20–21; Neptis Foundation. 2004. Simcoe County: The New Growth Frontier, p. 10. 5 D.M.Fraster and B.P. Neary 2004. The State of Greenlands Protection in South-Central Ontario (Toronto: Neptis Foundation) pg.47. 4 Appendix 1: York Region persons; employment figures are expected to nearly double by 2026. The region is seeking to attract knowledge-based activities as well as develop its manufacturing base.6 Employment is expected to grow at a faster rate than population at approximately 2.2% per year.7 The region’s rapid population and employment growth over the past 30 years 8 has been primarily new, auto-dependant residential development; non-automobile based transportation infrastructure has been limited. The natural environment within York Region plays a determining role in the urbanization of the region including land-use density, design and location. A Regional Greenlands System has been designated to protect the natural areas. The rapid growth in the region has resulted in increased road congestion due to residents’ reliance on single occupancy trips. Poor air quality and increased commute times have led to calls for improvements. 1.2 Planning Direction York Region’s planning directions are defined through its official plan,9 Transportation Master Plan, 10 and Vision 2026 document. 11 York Region’s planning direction is very much in transition, and the final outcomes are unclear. The region has been characterized by classic, low-density, automobile-dependent urban sprawl, with strongly separated land uses. However, a number of recent initiatives, particularly the Centres and Corridors Strategy, would seek to redirect the focus of development activities towards transit-serviced, higher-density, mixed-use locations, indicating a focus on the more urban portions of the region. At the same time, the region continues to support and undertake initiatives and directions that would continue its past patterns of outwards expansion onto greenfield sites. 6 York Region. 2002. Official Plan Consolidation, p. 22–23. 7 York Region. 2002. Transportation Master Plan, p. 22. 8 York Region. 2002. Transportation Master Plan, p. 8. 9 York Region 2002, Official Plan Consolidation. 10 York Region. 2002. Transportation Master Plan, p. 5, 42–54. 11 Planning and Economic Development Committee. 2004. Towards the Vision: Second Annual