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Estudo Taxonómico De Plantas Do Jardim Botânico Tropical

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Estudo Taxonómico De Plantas Do Jardim Botânico Tropical 240 REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS ESTUDO TAXONÓMICO DE PLANTAS DO JARDIM BOTÂNICO TROPICAL. DICOTILEDÓNEAS DIALIPÉTALAS DE OVÁRIO ÍNFERO TAXONOMIC STUDY ON PLANTS OF TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDEN. DIALYPETALOUS DICOTYLEDONES OF INFERIOR OVARY MARIA CÂNDIDA LIBERATO RESUMO dos autores. As famílias, géneros e espécies apresentam-se em sequência alfabética. No Jardim Botânico Tropical (JBT), antigo Para cada espécie e táxones inferiores, Jardim-Museu Agrícola Tropical, encontra-se apresenta-se uma descrição botânica, a feno- preservada uma valiosa colecção de plantas, a logia observada, ocorrência natural, locali- maioria de origem tropical e subtropical. Esta zação no JMAT, nome ou nomes vulgares biodiversidade tem vindo a ser estudada usados em Portugal, alguns dos seus usos e, taxonomicamente pela autora. por vezes, notas consideradas de interesse. No presente trabalho é contemplado o estudo taxonómico de dicotiledóneas dialipé- Palavras-chave: biodiversidade, dialipétalas, talas de ovário ínfero, que se desenvolvem didotiledóneas, Jardim-Botânico-Tropical, naquele Jardim. Lisboa. As ordens pertencentes ao grupo de plantas estudado expõem-se segundo a disposição apresentada por Melchior na 12ª edição de A. ABSTRACT Engler, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, publi- cada em 1964, com algumas adaptações In the “Jardim Botânico Tropical” (JBT), consideradas adequadas e aceites pela maioria former “Jardim-Museu Agrícola Tropical”, a valuable collection of plants, mainly of tropical and subtropical origin, lives and is preserved. The scope of the present work is the (1) Jardim Botânico Tropical, Instituto de taxonomic study of biodiversity dialypetalous Investigação Científica Tropical Largo dos Jerónimos dicotyledones of inferior ovary which grow 1400-209 Lisboa, Portugal in that Garden. [email protected]. The orders of this studied group follow Melchior in A. Engler, Syllabus der Pflanzen- Recepção/Reception: 2006.09.22 Aceitação/Acception: 2007.05.09 familien, ed. 12, published in 1964, with some ESTUDO TAXONÓMICO DE PLANTAS DO JARDIM BOTÂNICO TROPICAL DICOTILEDÓNEAS DIALIPÉTALAS DE OVÁRIO ÍNFERO 241 considered adequate adaptations. The families, O grupo de espécies mencionado são genera and species are presented in alphabetic plantas vasculares cujo embrião tem dois sequence. cotilédones, apresentam flores com pétalas The botanical description, phenologie, livres e ovário aderente ao receptáculo ou ao natural origin, JMAT location, common tubo do cálice, inserindo-se as restantes peças Portuguese names, some uses and some of florais acima dele. interest notes are presented to each species and Este conjunto de plantas não se integra taxa below the species. num grupo taxonómico, não contemplando, nalguns casos, todos os géneros de uma Key-words: biodiversity, dialypetalous, família, como, por exemplo, nas Rosáceas. dicotyledones, Botanic-Tropical-Garden, No final do trabalho, encontra-se uma Lisbon. Planta Geral do JBT com a indicação do número de ordem de localização dos talhões. No Catálogo de Plantas do Jardim-Museu INTRODUÇÃO Agrícola Tropical (Liberato, 1994) encontra-se a localização das diversas espécies aqui O Jardim Botânico Tropical (JBT), antigo estudadas em cada um dos talhões. Jardim-Museu Agrícola Tropical, Lisboa, Relativamente às espécies referidas na pertence ao Instituto de Investigação Científica publicação citada, encontram-se algumas alte- Tropical. rações, quer nomenclaturais, quer de identi- Tem uma área de cerca de cinco hectares ficação, devido ao aprofundamento de estudos onde se encontram maioritariamente espécies nessas áreas produzidos em nova bibliografia. de origem tropical e subtropical. Também se regista um enriquecimento da Uma das principais missões dos Jardins colecção então existente, traduzido no au- Botânicos é a conservação da biodiversidade. mento do número de espécies ou táxones A International Agenda for Botanic Gardens infraespecíficos preservados. in Conservation aprovada no Congresso Mundial dos Jardins Botânicos em 2000 (Jackson & Sutherland, 2000), evidencia a MATERIAL E MÉTODOS importância global desta missão, nela inte- grando a preservação das espécies e do ambien- O presente estudo tem como base táxones te e a necessidade de sensibilização da opinião com as características referidas existentes no pública para o valor, respeito pela diversidade JBT. vegetal e para as ameaças de extinção que Tal como nos trabalhos já efectuados algumas espécies enfrentam. A difusão do (Liberato, 2000-2001; 2003), na apresentação conhecimento sobre as espécies, necessidade das espécies e táxones infraspecíficos perten- da sua conservação e educação ambiental é e centes ao grupo de plantas estudado, segue-se será um factor importante na promoção do uso a ordem e respectiva sequência apresentada sustentado dos recursos naturais. por Melchior na 12ª edição de A. Engler, Sylla- No trabalho que se apresenta dá-se conti- bus der Pflanzenfamilien, publicada em 1964, nuidade ao estudo taxonómico das plantas com algumas adaptações consideradas ade- preservadas neste Jardim e tem como objectivo quadas e seguidas pela maioria dos autores. as dicotiledóneas dialipétalas de ovário ínfero As famílias, géneros e espécies apresentam-se que se desenvolvem ao ar livre. alfabeticamente. 242 REVISTA DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS Para precisão dos nomes das espécies também a sua ocorrência natural, talhões citam-se, de acordo com o International Code onde se localizam os exemplares existentes, of Botanical Nomenclature adoptado no 17º nome ou nomes vulgares portugueses atri- Congresso Internacional de Botânica, 2005, e buídos (Rocha, 1996) e alguns dos seus editado por McNeill et al. (2006), o nome do usos. Aparecem, por vezes, em nota, algumas autor ou autores que os publicaram valida- referências consideradas de interesse. mente. Estes nomes são mencionados segundo a forma recomendada por Brummitt & Powell (1992). RESULTADOS Tendo em vista também a função didáctica que os Jardins Botânicos têm, apresenta-se, Estudo taxonómico efectuado para cada uma das espécies, uma pequena descrição botânica. ANGIOSPERMAE As identificações efectuadas, assim como a descrição apresentada das espécies, funda- DICOTYLEDONEAE mentam-se no estudo dos caracteres morfo- lógicos externos observados nos espécimes CACTALES existentes no JBT, respectivos exemplares herborizados, através de bibliografia adequada CACTACEAE (Ashton, 1975; Castroviejo & Berthet, 1990; Cullen et al., 1987; Fernandes, 1972; Franco, Cereus jamacaru DC. 1971; Hill & Johnson, 1995; Huxley, Griffiths & Levy, 1992; Judd et al., 2002; Lorenzi & Plantas arborescentes, atingindo 10 m de Matos, 2002; Mabberley, 2000; Missouri altura, suculentas, de caule curtamente lenhoso Botanical Garden W3 Trópicos; Royal Botanic na base. Gardens, Kew; Tutin et al., 1968, 1996; Valdés Caules ramosos, colunares, de cerca de 15 et al., 1987; Vasconcellos, 1969; Verheij et cm de diâmetro, com constrições não muito al., 1991; Walters et al., 1989; Woodland, profundas, distanciadas 30-50 cm entre si, 6- 1997), e, quando necessário, comparação costados, verde-glaucos; costas com cerca de com espécimes herborizados tipificados. 3 cm de profundidade, com aréolas distan- Nas descrições são mencionadas medidas ciadas 2-3 cm entre si, apresentando 7-10 espi- numéricas, referidas geralmente à dimensão nhos castanho-escuros. de órgãos adultos. Quando aquelas são Inflorescências unifloras, sésseis, nas indicadas sem qualificação, dizem respeito ao aréolas superiores. comprimento; se interligadas pelo sinal (x), a Flores nocturnas, bissexuadas, regulares, primeira diz respeito ao comprimento e a com cerca de 26 cm de comprimento e 12 cm segunda à largura; quando se referem duas de diâmetro, de eixo floral bem desenvolvido, medidas interligadas por um traço (-), a tubuloso, apresentando externamente escamas primeira indica a medida menor observada e bracteiformes esverdeadas com o ápice acasta- a segunda a maior (Franco, 1972). nhado; perianto de numerosas peças dispostas Para cada espécie é apresentada a feno- helicoidalmente; sépalas verde-acastanhadas; logia observada nos espécimes do JBT ao pétalas com cerca de 6,5 cm, obovadas, as longo de vários anos, indicando-se os meses externas branco-esverdeadas com o ápice em caracteres romanos; mencionam-se acastanhado e as internas brancas; estames ESTUDO TAXONÓMICO DE PLANTAS DO JARDIM BOTÂNICO TROPICAL DICOTILEDÓNEAS DIALIPÉTALAS DE OVÁRIO ÍNFERO 243 numerosos, inclusos, até 13,5 cm, branco- Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose esverdeados; ovário ínfero; estilete 1, com cerca de 15 cm; estigma com cerca de 13 Plantas epifíticas, trepadoras, atingindo 10 ramos. m de altura, suculentas, com caules lenhosos Pseudobaga com cerca de 12 cm, ovóide- na base. oblonga, vermelha. Caules articulados; artículos com cerca de Floração: VII-IX. Frutificação: IX-XI. Ori- 3,8 x 6 cm, trialados, de margem crenada, gem: Nordeste do Brasil. Localização: talhões recortes distanciados cerca de 4 cm entre si, 5 e 10. Nomes vulgares: jamacaru, mandacaru. com aréolas apresentando alguns espinhos de Utilidade: cultivada em Portugal como orna- cerca de 2 mm de comprimento. mental; noutras regiões cultivada como fru- Inflorescências unifloras, sésseis, nas teira, devido ao fruto saboroso ou como ali- aréolas laterais superiores. mento em regiões áridas e também como Flores nocturnas , bissexuadas, regulares, forrageira; usada também medicinalmente. com cerca de 26 cm de comprimento e 14 cm de diâmetro, de eixo floral bem desenvolvido, Cereus uruguayanus Kiesling tubuloso, com escamas bracteiformes
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