S ummary of Plots in the South
Australian Arid Lands NRM Region
2010- 2017
Northern Flinders Ranges
Acknowledgments
AusPlots gratefully acknowledges the staff from the SA Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources, in particular Dave Armstrong, Justin Jay and Ben McCallum for their work on the project. AusPlots also acknowledges the many landholders public and private for their help and support of the project and for allowing access to their properties. Many thanks are also due to the volunteers who have, in a myriad of ways, helped to make the project possible.
Contents
Introduction...... 1 Accessing the Data ...... 4 Point intercept data ...... 4 Plant collections ...... 4 Leaf tissue samples...... 4 Site description information ...... 4 Structural summary ...... 4 Leaf Area Index ...... 4 Basal area ...... 4 Soil classification ...... 5 Soil meta barcoding samples ...... 5 Soil bulk density ...... 5 3D photo panorama ...... 5 Regional Context...... 7 Potential Uses for AusPlots Data from the South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region ...... 11 For more information ...... 11 Appendices ...... 12
Appendix 1. Summary of AusPlots data and samples from within the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region ..... 12 Appendix 2. Co-location with existing plots ...... 13 Appendix 3. Plot locations ...... 14 Appendix 4. Point intercept data ...... 16 Appendix 5. Substrate and growth form ...... 17 Appendix 6. Structural Summary...... 18 Appendix 7. Soil Classification ...... 19 Appendix 8. Bulk density ...... 20 Appendix 9. Plant collection ...... 21
Introduction Beginning in 2010 AusPlots, part of the Terrestrial Ecosystems Research Network (TERN), undertook surveys in The South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region, South Australia. The surveys involved vegetation and soils work following the AusPlots Rangelands methodology, with 60 plots completed. The plots are part of over 580 plots completed nationally. Figure 1 shows the national AusPlots plot network, and Figure 2 shows the locations of the plots in the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region.
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This report provides a snapshot of some of the data which was collected during the survey work. A more detailed description of the methods used can be found online in our AusPlots Rangelands Survey Protocols Manual (White et al. 2012), available from our website www.ausplots.org.
Figure 1. AusPlots plot network LandSat Image used courtesy of the Commonwealth Department of the Environment
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Figure 2. AusPlots Rangelands plot locations in the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region Topographic data copyright Geoscience Australia
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Accessing the Data All the data the AusPlots collects is freely available online through the AEKOS data portal at www.aekos.org.au. It can also be viewed on the Soils to Satellites website which contains a range of useful visualisations sourced from the Atlas of Living Australia. At http://www.soils2satellites.org.au/.
Point intercept data The point intercept method is a straightforward method that is readily repeatable and requires little instruction to produce reliable plot information. It provides accurate benchmark data at each plot including substrate type and cover; as well as species structural information such as growth form, height, cover and abundance and population vertical structure. The demographic information produced at each plot can be compared spatially to indicate plot differences, and temporally to indicate change over time. Additionally, the cover data collected at each plot can be used to validate cover data extrapolated through remote sensing techniques.
Plant collections Each species that is found within the plot has a herbarium grade sample taken. These have all been formally identified by the SA Herbarium. Much of the material is then lodged at the SA Herbarium or at the AusPlots facility in Adelaide.
Leaf tissue samples All the above samples also have leaf tissue samples taken. This involves placing leaf samples from each species into a cloth bag and drying them on silica desiccant. All the dominant species have an extra 4 samples collected. These samples are available for use on application to AusPlots facility in Adelaide. They can be used for genetic analysis, Isotopic composition and range of other uses.
Site description information Contextual information is also collected at each plot. This includes measures of slope an aspect, surface strew and lithology, and information on the grazing and fire history of the site. The plots location is also recorded with a differential GPS and the plot corners and centres (with landholder permission) marked with a star picket.
Structural summary Detailed structural summary information is also collected at each plot. When combined with the height and cover information from the point intercept data it enables the creation of structural description compatible with and NVIS level 5 description.
Leaf Area Index In plots where a mid and/or upper canopy is present a measure of Leaf Area is recorded. The tool used is an LAI- 2200 and it captures LAI measurements in a range of canopies using one or two sensors attached to a single data logger (LI-COR 1990). The LAI data has a range of potential application such as studies of canopy growth, canopy productivity, woodland vigour, canopy fuel load, air pollution deposition, modelling insect defoliation, remote sensing, and the global carbon cycle.
Basal area Basal area measurements are collected across plots where woody biomass is taller than 2 m. Basal area measurements provide information useful for calculating biomass and carbon levels and for structural studies. The wedge aperture, the length of string – 50 cm (and hence the distance from the eye and subsequent angle from the eye to the edges of the wedge aperture) and species count are all important in calculations. Algorithms developed for use with the basal wedge include the above data to calculate plant basal area on a per hectare basis even
4 though species are counted outside the one hectare plot area. The method is plotless but used because it is based on the concept of circles (trunks/basal area) within circles (circular plots) – the area of one varies proportionally to the change in the area of the other. Use of the basal wedge may be superseded by further improvement of the 3D photo point method and development of algorithms to provide information on vegetation community structure.
Soil classification Description of soils, including basic information on the information that has been recorded, the number of recordings and the coverage of locations, are generally poor across the rangelands region of Australia. The plot descriptions and soil characterisations collected by AusPlots will substantially alleviate this paucity of information. The data collected can also be used to increase the reliability of the rangelands component of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia, produced by the TERN facility consistent with the Global Soil Map specifications. Analyses of the collected samples will greatly enhance the level of knowledge (e.g. nutrient and carbon levels) and hence understanding of rangelands soils and how they will respond to climate change and management options. It is hoped to eventually be able to analyse all nine of the soil pits from within the plot using a number of different methods e.g. wet chemistry, MIR or NIR (mid infrared spectrometry or near infrared spectroscopy) either individually to provide a measure of variation of the parameter being measured across a plot or bulked together and a sub-sample extracted and analysed to provide a mean value for that parameter across a plot.
Soil meta barcoding samples Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. Soil metagenomics provides the opportunity to understand what organisms are present at survey plots and provides an indication on their abundance. The collection techniques result in a bias towards higher order organisms. All the AusPlots within the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region have soil meta barcoding samples collected.
Soil bulk density The soil bulk density (BD), also known as dry bulk density, is the weight of dry soil divided by the total soil volume. The total soil volume is the combined volume of solids and pores which may contain air or water, or both. The average values of air, water and solid in soil are easily measured and are a useful indication of a soils physical condition. Soil test results are most often presented either as a percentage of soil (e.g. % organic carbon) or as a weight per unit of soil (e.g. nitrogen, mg/kg). As bulk density is a measure of soil weight in a given volume, it provides a useful conversion from these units to an area basis unit (e.g. t/ha). The resulting number gives an easily understandable idea of the carbon storage or nutritional status of the soil on an area basis.
3D photo panorama AusPlots uses a three-dimensional method for photographing the site. This involves taking three 360 degree panoramas in a triangular pattern. This allows the creation of a 3D model of the vegetation within the site which can be used to monitor change over time, track plot condition as well as providing a unique, fast measurement of basal area and biomass. Photo panoramas for some of the plots are shown below.
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SAAGAW0001
SATFLB0016
SATFLB0018
SATSTP0006
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Regional Context
Figure 3. Modelled 9s elevation Data from: Xu and Hutchinson, 2011. ANUCLIM Version 6.1. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.
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Figure 4. Conservation and pastoral land use CAPAD 2014 © Commonwealth of Australia
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Figure 5. Mean annual temperature Data from: Xu and Hutchinson, 2011. ANUCLIM Version 6.1. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.
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Figure 6. Mean annual precipitation Climate Data from: Xu and Hutchinson, 2011. ANUCLIM Version 6.1. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.
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Potential Uses for AusPlots Data from the South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region The AusPlots survey method was developed out of a dire need for consistent, national scale ecological data and surveillance monitoring. As such, the data can be used in a range of ways both in the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region but also to allow comparisons across the continent. Currently, a range of researchers and land managers make use of the data and samples. Some example applications that may be applicable within the region are listed below.
• Assessing vegetation change using the AusPlots methodology as both a baseline and a continued surveillance monitoring tool. • Detecting the impact of invasive species based on soil and vegetation data. • Ground-truthing satellite derived vegetation and soil data • Soil carbon analysis using the soil bulk density samples • Mapping soil phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients using soil pit and subsite samples • Assessing fuel loading using the basal area and leaf area data. • Use of the leaf tissue samples for genetic and isotopic analysis. For more information More information on the AusPlots facility can be found on our website www.AusPlots.org
For more information regarding the survey work in The South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region and assistance downloading and utilising the data from AEKOS and Soils2Satellites contact Emrys Leitch, AusPlots Field Survey Officer, [email protected]
For more information regarding the AusPlots facility, contact Ben Sparrow, AusPlots Director, [email protected]
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Appendices
Appendix 1. Summary of AusPlots data and samples from within the South Australian Arid Lands NRM region
AusPlots Data and Samples Count Total plant collections 2719
Total leaf tissue samples 4153
Total number of soil samples 1433
Total weight of soil (kg) 1433
Number of sites with bulk density data 48
Number of sites with LAI data 47
Number of sites with basal wedge data 33
Total metagenomic samples 540
Total metagenomic weight (kg) 270
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Appendix 2. Co-location with existing plots AusPlots works on a mix of both new plots (where this is little existing monitoring infrastructure) and co-location with existing plots. Many of the plots in the South Australian Arid Lands NRM Region, are co-located with existing monitoring site. The table below provides the name of the AusPlots plot and the corresponding site
AusPlot name Site name Organistation Contact
SATFLB0024 WAR01301 Fauna SA DEWNR SATFLB0022 WET00101 Fauna SA DEWNR SATFLB0004 ORA0097 Flora SA DEWNR SATFLB0024 WAR01301 Flora SA DEWNR SATSTP0001 BAL1652 Flora SA DEWNR SATFLB0022 WET00102 Flora SA DEWNR SATFLB0022 WET00101 Flora SA DEWNR SAASTP0012 KO04701 Flora SA DEWNR SATFLB0004 Brachina Gorge Lower TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0005 Brachina Gorge Upper TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0006 Mount Hack TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0007 Wilpena Pound TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0008 Dutchman's Stern Upper TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0016 Arkaroola sanctuary Mulga TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0017 Arkaroola sanctuary Spidery Acacia TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0018 Arkaroola sanctuary Radium ridge TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0019 Arkaroola sanctuary Wheal tuner mine TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0020 Arkaroola sanctuary Eucalyptus socialis TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0021 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges Hilltop 1 TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0022 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges Hilltop 2 TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0023 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Senna TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0024 Warraweena Reserve Chenopod TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATFLB0025 Warraweena Reserve Casuarina TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0001 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park. Mitchell grass TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0002 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park Acacia ligulata TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0003 Mt Lyndhurst Station Gibber TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0004 Mt Lyndhurst Station Senna TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0005 Murnpeowie Station Acacia ligualata TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0006 Murnpeowie Station Collabah 1 TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0007 Murnpeowie Station Collabah 2 TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo SATSTP0008 Murnpeowie Station Mitchell Grass TERN Australian Transect Network Michelle Rodrigo
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Appendix 3. Plot locations
Plot Name Date Location latitude longitude
SAAFLB0030 13-Aug-13 Witchelina Reserve, about 6kms northwest of homestead. 79 km north west of Lyndhurst 138.01513 -29.97839
SAAFLB0031 13-Aug-13 Witchelina Reserve, about 15kms northwest of homestead. 82 km north west of Lyndhurst 137.95456 -29.97148
SAAGAW0001 18-Feb-15 Myola Station. 40 km west of Whyalla. 137.197203 -32.98325
SAAGAW0002 18-Feb-15 Myola Station 40 km west of Whyalla 137.244266 -32.98012
SAAGAW0003 17-Feb-15 Myola Station 5kms north of homestead. 40 km west of Whyalla 137.24835 -32.97156
SAASTP0001 27-Jun-12 Hamilton Station. 177 km south east of Kulgera. Just west of western boundary of Witjira 134.999199 -26.27817 National Park. Drive along fence from boundary gate.
SAASTP0002 28-Jun-12 Witjira National Park. West of Blood Creek Bore. 179 km south east of Kulgera 135.015594 -26.27461
SAASTP0003 29-Jun-12 Witjira National Park. West of Blood Creek Bore. 184 km south east of Kulgera. Plot 135.072963 -26.2739 approx. 100 m north of track.
SAASTP0004 01-Jul-12 Witjira National Park. Finke River Channels. 217 km east south east of Kulgera 135.452204 -26.08815
SAASTP0005 02-Jul-12 Witjira National Park. Finke River Channels. 214 km east south east of Kulgera 135.423503 -26.09591
SAASTP0006 08-Aug-12 Witjira National Park, Spring Creek Delta. 38 km east north east of Dalhousie campground. 135.873798 -26.33934 154 km south east of Finke community.
SAASTP0007 09-Aug-12 Witjira National Park, Spring Creek Delta. 135.816591 -26.35504 100 - 200 m. South of track from Dalhousie Springs to Purni Bore. 150 km south east of Finke Community
SAASTP0008 10-Aug-12 Spring Creek Delta. 149 km south east of Finke community 135.788764 -26.36888
SAASTP0009 11-Aug-12 Witjira National Park. 141 km south east of Finke community 135.704626 -26.35025
SAASTP0010 12-Aug-12 Gibber Plain 10 km north east Dalhousie Springs. 132 km south east of Finke community. 135.581711 -26.36668 Drive in from north off main track approximately 500 m.
SAASTP0011 13-Aug-12 5 km. South of Dalhousie Springs. 131 km south east of Finke Community. 400 m west of 135.457651 -26.4805 track .
SAASTP0012 14-Aug-12 Witjira National Park. 500 m east of NP southern access gate. 142 km south east of Finke 135.433725 -26.6228 community
SAASTP0013 15-Aug-12 Admudreedmana water hole. 10km from Oodnadatta - Witjira National Park. 131 km 135.307391 -26.57411 south east of Finke community
SAASTP0014 13-Sep-12 Macumba Station. 119 km south east of homestead. 123km south east of Oodnadatta 136.649367 -27.86115
SAASTP0015 12-Sep-12 South east corner Macumba Station. 126 km south east of Oodnadatta 136.678338 -27.86568
SAASTP0016 14-Sep-12 South east corner Macumba Station. 121 km south east of Oodnadatta 136.629924 -27.83497
SAASTP0018 16-Sep-12 The Peak Station. 5 km east of old Umbum Bore, south central station. 53 km north north 136.42838 -28.43343 east of William Creek.
SAASTP0019 09-Sep-12 The Peak Station. East of Umbum in South Central The Peak Station. 55 km north north 136.4813 -28.4196 east of William Creek
SAASTP0020 18-Sep-12 The Peak Station. East of old Umbum in the South Central The Peak Station. 53 km north 136.458813 -28.43764 north east of William Creek
SAASTP0021 18-Sep-12 The Peak Station. East of Old Umbum, in Southern Central The Peak Station. 59 km north 136.532913 -28.40248 north east of William Creek
SAASTP0022 17-Oct-12 Mt Barry Station. West boundary of Station 2 km east of Evelyn Downs. 61 km south east 134.536 -28.20561 of Cadney Park Roadhouse. Located 18 km west of Michaels Bore, along Evelyn Downs boundary fence.
SAASTP0023 18-Oct-12 Mount Barry Station. 57 km south east of Cadney Park roadhouse. 5 km east of Mount 134.58495 -28.20895 Barry Stations western boundary with Evelyn Downs Station, 600 m north of road between the two stations.
SAASTP0024 19-Oct-12 Arckaringa Plateau. 90 km east south east of Cadney Park Roadhouse. Southern edge of 134.973883 -27.99411 Arckaringa plateau
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Plot Name Date Location latitude longitude
SAASTP0025 20-Oct-12 Arckaringa Plateau. 65 km south west of Oodnadatta 134.971319 -27.95972
SAASTP0026 20-Oct-12 91km east north east of Cadney Park Roadhouse. Off Oodnadatta Highway, 20km to 134.892208 -27.78888 Goorikiana Dam to Ambitious Dam, then 5.5 km to plateau.
SAASTP0027 21-Oct-12 Arckaringa Station. Painted Hills Plateau. 80 km north east of Cadney Park Roadhouse. On 134.84373 -27.73726 main track towards Wurley Hole ( Dam).
SAASTP0028 21-Oct-12 Arckaringa Station. Painted Hills Plateau. 80.5 km north east of Cadney Park Roadhouse 134.84461 -27.71057
SAASTP0029 23-Oct-12 The Old Peake Paddock. 103 km north north west of William Creek 135.861455 -28.0871
SAASTP0030 19-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station, about 30 km north of homestead and 160 km north east of 139.179877 -29.2902 Lyndhurst.
SAASTP0031 20-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station about 35kms north of homestead and about 160kms northeast of 139.175573 -29.27698 Lyndhurst.
SAASTP0032 20-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station about 30 km north east of homestead and about 160 km north east 139.182463 -29.28948 of Lyndhurst.
SATFLB0004 18-Sep-12 Brachina Gorge Heysen Range Lower. 63 km north north east of Hawker 138.567331 -31.32774
SATFLB0005 20-Aug-12 Brachina Gorge Heysen Range Upper. 65 km north north east of Hawker 138.566366 -31.31546
SATFLB0006 21-Aug-12 Waraweena. Mount Hack. 38 km east of Beltana 138.797571 -30.77565
SATFLB0007 22-Sep-12 Flinders Ranges National Park Wilpena Pound. 42 km north north east of Hawker 138.594579 -31.54388
SATFLB0008 23-Aug-12 Dutchman's Stern Conservation Park8.5km north west of Quorn 137.95439 -32.32096
SATFLB0016 06-Aug-13 Arkaroola Sanctuary. 3.6 km south of Arkaroola village 139.339691 -30.34348
SATFLB0017 07-Aug-13 Arkaroola Sanctuary. 500m west of old homestead 139.373672 -30.33181
SATFLB0018 08-Aug-13 Arkaroola Sanctuary. Radium Ridge.10.3 km north of Arkaroola village. 139.324131 -30.21904
SATFLB0019 09-Aug-13 Arkaroola sanctuary. 200m south of old wheal tuner mine. 14.4km north west of 139.23287 -30.21953 Arkaroola village
SATFLB0020 10-Aug-13 Arkaroola Sanctuary. 4.5 km south south west of Wheal Turner Mine. 12 km north west of 139.227232 -30.25568 Arkaroola village
SATFLB0021 14-Aug-13 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park. 15.7 km north west of Balcanoona 139.219942 -30.41211 Homestead. 15.6 km south west of Arkaroola Village.
SATFLB0022 14-Aug-13 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park 16km north west of Balcanoona homestead. 139.226057 -30.406 15km south west of Arkaroola village.
SATFLB0023 15-Aug-13 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park 9.3 km east south east of Neppunna. 139.073614 -30.59944
SATFLB0024 16-Aug-13 Warraweena Reserve, 5.6 km north north west of homestead. 17.5 km north west of 138.579558 -30.76086 Beltana
SATFLB0025 17-Aug-13 Warraweena Reserve, 1.8 km south south west of homestead.30.6 km south east of Leigh 138.632937 -30.78502 Creek
SATSTP0001 10-Aug-13 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park. 13 km east south east of Balcanoona 139.436313 -30.56167 Homestead
SATSTP0002 12-Aug-13 Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park 6km west of edge of lake Frome. 27 km south 139.547356 -30.65633 east of Balcanoona Homestead.
SATSTP0003 15-Aug-13 Mt Lyndhurst Station about 40 km north of homestead. 138.849166 -29.75529
SATSTP0004 15-Aug-13 Mt Lyndhurst Station, 40kms north of homestead. 138.831864 -29.79147
SATSTP0005 17-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station about 40 km north west of homestead. 138.848798 -29.4566
SATSTP0006 17-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station, about 40 km north west of homestead. 138.816698 -29.53052
SATSTP0007 18-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station, about 35 km north west of homestead. 138.817107 -29.536
SATSTP0008 18-Aug-13 Murnpeowie Station, 50 km north west of homestead. 138.881379 -29.38786
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Appendix 4. Point intercept data
Approx. % SA cons. Plot name Herbarium ID Common name cover code
SAAGAW0001 Acacia papyrocarpa Myall 19.60
SAAGAW0001 Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana Seaberry Saltbush 4.46
SAAGAW0001 Senna cardiosperma subsp. gawlerensis 2.48
SAAGAW0001 Senna artemisioides subsp. × coriacea 2.48
SAAGAW0001 Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush 2.18
SAAGAW0001 Cratystylis conocephala Blue-bush Daisy 1.98
SAAGAW0001 Exocarpos aphyllus Current Bush 1.39
SAASTP0005 Eragrostis tenellula Delicate Love-grass 5.25
SAASTP0005 Swainsona oligophylla 5.05 Rare
SAASTP0005 Atriplex nummularia subsp. nummularia 4.85
SAASTP0005 Sclerolaena bicornis var. bicornis 3.66
SAASTP0005 Portulaca intraterranea Buttercup Pigface 3.47
SAASTP0005 Maireana aphylla Cotton Bush 2.28
SAASTP0005 Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grass 2.08
SAASTP0005 Calotis plumulifera Woolly-headed Burr-daisy 1.68
SAASTP0005 Rutidosis helichrysoides subsp. helichrysoides 1.19
SAASTP0005 Neobassia proceriflora Soda Bush 1.19
SATFLB0016 Eucalyptus gillii Arkaroola mallee 13.76
SATFLB0016 Acacia araneosa Spidery Wattle 2.87 Endangererd
SATFLB0016 Enneapogon cylindricus Jointed Bottlewashers 2.57
SATFLB0016 Melaleuca lanceolata Moonah 2.18
SATFLB0016 Eucalyptus gillii (dead) Arkaroola mallee 1.68
SATFLB0016 Myoporum montanum Boobialla 1.29
SATFLB0018 Triodia irritans Porcupine Grass 39.01
SATFLB0018 Scaevola humilis Sandplain Fan-flower 1.88
SATFLB0018 Eucalyptus intertexta Red Box 0.99
SATFLB0018 Codonocarpus pyramidalis Camel Poison 0.30 Endangered
SATSTP0006 Eucalyptus coolabah Coolabah 6.73
SATSTP0006 Muehlenbeckia coccoloboides 6.44
SATSTP0006 Calotis hispidula Bindy eye 3.17
SATSTP0006 Muehlenbeckia coccoloboides (dead) 2.18
SATSTP0006 Tetragonia moorei Annual Spinach 1.98
SATSTP0006 Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush 1.39
SATSTP0006 Eragrostis setifolia 1.19
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Appendix 5. Substrate and growth form
Plot name Substrate Approx. % substrate Plot name Growth form Approx. % cover by growth form
SAAGAW0001 Leaf litter 43.86 SAAGAW0001 Tree/Palm 20.30
SAAGAW0001 Cryptogam 32.97 SAAGAW0001 Shrub 14.46
SAAGAW0001 Bare ground 21.58 SAAGAW0001 Chenopod 8.91
SAAGAW0001 Coarse woody debris 1.49 SAAGAW0001 Forb 0.40
SAAGAW0001 Gravel 0.10 SAAGAW0001 Epiphyte 0.20
Plot name Substrate Approx. % substrate Plot name Growth form Approx. % cover by growth form
SAASTP0005 Leaf litter 64.36 SAASTP0005 Forb 16.34
SAASTP0005 Bare ground 30.59 SAASTP0005 Chenopod 12.57
SAASTP0005 Cryptogam 4.36 SAASTP0005 Tussock grass 8.12
SAASTP0005 Coarse woody debris 0.50 SAASTP0005 Fern 0.30
SAASTP0005 Rock 0.20 SAASTP0005 Tree/Palm 0.20
SAASTP0005 Shrub 0.10
Plot name Substrate Approx. % substrate Plot name Growth form Approx. % cover by growth form
SATFLB0016 Leaf litter 50.69 SATFLB0016 Tree Mallee 9.80
SATFLB0016 Cryptogam 21.09 SATFLB0016 Shrub 8.81
SATFLB0016 Bare ground 15.35 SATFLB0016 Shrub Mallee 8.22
SATFLB0016 Gravel 6.73 SATFLB0016 Tussock grass 3.17
SATFLB0016 Rock 3.47 SATFLB0016 Forb 1.49
SATFLB0016 Coarse woody debris 2.18 SATFLB0016 Chenopod 0.89
SATFLB0016 Outcrop 0.50 SATFLB0016 Tree/Palm 0.40
SATFLB0016 Vine 0.10
Plot name Substrate Approx. % substrate Plot name Growth form Approx. % cover by growth form
SATFLB0018 Leaf litter 61.09 SATFLB0018 Hummock grass 39.01
SATFLB0018 Gravel 17.82 SATFLB0018 Forb 4.06
SATFLB0018 Rock 16.73 SATFLB0018 Shrub 1.58
SATFLB0018 Outcrop 2.97 SATFLB0018 Tree/Palm 1.49
SATFLB0018 Bare ground 1.09 SATFLB0018 Shrub Mallee 0.99
SATFLB0018 Coarse woody debris 0.30 SATFLB0018 Tussock grass 0.10
Plot name Substrate Approx. % substrate Plot name Growth form Approx. % cover by growth form
SATSTP0006 Bare ground 57.33 SATSTP0006 Shrub 9.70
SATSTP0006 Leaf litter 42.57 SATSTP0006 Forb 8.42
SATSTP0006 Coarse woody debris 0.10 SATSTP0006 Tree/Palm 7.82
SATSTP0006 Chenopod 1.58
SATSTP0006 Tussock grass 1.29
SATSTP0006 Fern 0.30
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Appendix 6. Structural Summary
Plot name Structural description
SAAGAW0001 Acacia papyrocarpa low woodland with mid stratum of Senna artemisioides subsp. x coriacea and Exocarpos aphyllus and lower stratum of Cratystylis conocephala and Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana.
SAASTP0005 Atriplex nummularia subsp. nummularia / Sclerolaena bicornis var. bicornis low open chenopod shrubland to Swainsona oligophylla / Portulaca intraterranea low open forbland with Eragrostis tenellula.
SATFLB0016 Eucalyptus gillii low mallee woodland to open mallee shrubland with scattered Melaleuca lanceolata and Acacia araneosa throughout the site. Ground stratum dominated by Enneapogon cylindricus with some scattered Euphorbia drummondii and Salsola australis.
SATFLB0018 Triodia irritans low hummock grassland with emergent Codonocarpus and some scattered Eucalyptus intertexta and isolated Eucalyptus flindersii.
SATSTP0006 Eucalyptus coolabah low open-woodland with mid-stratum of Duma coccoloboides and juvenile Eucalyptus coolabah and sparse mixed ground stratum dominated by Calotis hispidula, Tetragonia moorei with scattered Enchylaena tomentosa and Eragrostis setifolia.
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Appendix 7. Soil Classification
Plot name Upper depth Lower depth Horizon Colour when moist pH EC effervescence
SAAGAW0001 0 0.02 A11 5YR34 8.1 0 Non-calcareous
SAAGAW0001 0.02 0.24 A12 5YR34 8.6 0.1 Non-calcareous
SAAGAW0001 0.24 0.65 A13 5YR34 10 0.2 Very highly calcareous
SAAGAW0001 0.65 0.9 A3 5YR56 10 1.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0016 0 0.1 NC NC 9.1 0.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0016 0.1 0.2 NC NC 9.5 0.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0016 0.2 0.3 NC NC 9.5 0.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0016 0.3 0.4 NC NC 9.5 0.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0016 0.4 0.5 NC NC 9.6 0.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0016 0.5 0.6 NC NC 9.5 0.1 Very highly calcareous
SATFLB0018 0 0.1 NC NC 7.8 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATFLB0018 0.1 0.2 NC NC 7.7 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATFLB0018 0.2 0.3 NC NC 7.5 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATFLB0018 0.3 0.4 NC NC 7.3 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATSTP0006 0 0.35 A1 5YR46 8 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATSTP0006 0.35 0.55 B1 7.5YR54 8.4 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATSTP0006 0.55 0.9 B21w 8.5 0.1 Non-calcareous
SATSTP0006 0.9 1 B22w 8.5 0.1 Non-calcareous
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Appendix 8. Bulk density
Plot name Sample depth Fine earth weight Fine earth bulk density
SAAGAW0001 0 to 10 cms 373.99 1.79
SAAGAW0001 10 to 20 cms 343.26 1.64
SAASTP0005 0 to 10 cms 307.67 1.47
SAASTP0005 10 to 20 cms 311.49 1.49
SAASTP0005 20 to 30 cms 330.33 1.58
SATFLB0016 10 to 20 cms 229.05 1.23
SATFLB0016 20 to 30 cms 229.05 1.66
SATSTP0006 0 to 10 cms 360.31 1.72
SATSTP0006 10 to 20 cms 376.71 1.8
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Appendix 9. Plant collection * Denotes Introduced Taxa
Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA cons. code
SAAGAW0001 Acacia papyrocarpa Myall
SAAGAW0001 Alectryon oleifolius subsp. canescens Rosewood
SAAGAW0001 Amyema quandang Grey Mistletoe
SAAGAW0001 Austrostipa platychaeta Flatawn Speargrass
SAAGAW0001 Austrostipa sp. Spear-grasses
SAAGAW0001 *Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed
SAAGAW0001 Cratystylis conocephala Blue-bush Daisy
SAAGAW0001 Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush
SAAGAW0001 Eremophila scoparia Broom Bush
SAAGAW0001 Exocarpos aphyllus Current Bush
SAAGAW0001 Geijera linearifolia Oilbush
SAAGAW0001 Maireana erioclada Rosy Bluebush
SAAGAW0001 Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush
SAAGAW0001 Maireana sedifolia Dense Bluebush
SAAGAW0001 Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping Pittosporum
SAAGAW0001 Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana Seaberry Saltbush
SAAGAW0001 Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant Saltbush
SAAGAW0001 Rhagodia sp.
SAAGAW0001 Rhagodia ulicina Spiny Goosefoot
SAAGAW0001 Rytidosperma sp. Wallaby Grass
SAAGAW0001 Salsola australis Russian Tumbleweed
SAAGAW0001 Santalum acuminatum Quandong
SAAGAW0001 Santalum spicatum Sandalwood Vulnerable
SAAGAW0001 Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Limestone Bindii
SAAGAW0001 Senna artemisioides subsp. × coriacea
SAAGAW0001 Senna cardiosperma subsp. gawlerensis
SAAGAW0001 Zygophyllum eremaeum Climbing Twinleaf
SAASTP0005 Abutilon malvifolium Mallow-leaf Lantern-flower
SAASTP0005 Alternanthera nodiflora Common Joyweed
SAASTP0005 Aristida anthoxanthoides Pale Wiregrass
SAASTP0005 Astrebla pectinata Barley Mitchell Grass
SAASTP0005 Atriplex holocarpa Pop Saltbush
SAASTP0005 Atriplex nummularia subsp. nummularia
SAASTP0005 Calotis plumulifera Woolly-headed Burr-daisy
SAASTP0005 Chenopodium auricomum Bluebush
SAASTP0005 Chloris pectinata Comb Chloris
SAASTP0005 Crotalaria smithiana Yellow Rattlepod
SAASTP0005 Cullen australasicum Native Scurf-pea
SAASTP0005 Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius
SAASTP0005 Einadia nutans subsp. eremaea
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Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA cons. code
SAASTP0005 Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grass
SAASTP0005 Eragrostis tenellula Delicate Love-grass
SAASTP0005 Erodium carolinianum
SAASTP0005 Eucalyptus coolabah Coolabah
SAASTP0005 Euphorbia drummondii Balsam
SAASTP0005 Lechenaultia divaricata Tangled Leschenaultia
SAASTP0005 Lepidium phlebopetalum Veined Peppercress
SAASTP0005 Maireana aphylla Cotton Bush
SAASTP0005 Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo
SAASTP0005 Marsilea hirsuta Short-fruit Nardoo
SAASTP0005 Minuria leptophylla Minnie Daisy
SAASTP0005 Neobassia proceriflora Soda Bush
SAASTP0005 Nicotiana velutina Native Tobacco
SAASTP0005 Portulaca intraterranea Buttercup Pigface
SAASTP0005 Pterocaulon sphacelatum Applebush
SAASTP0005 Rhodanthe floribunda Common White Sunray
SAASTP0005 Rutidosis helichrysoides subsp. helichrysoides
SAASTP0005 Salsola australis Russian Tumbleweed
SAASTP0005 Sclerolaena bicornis var. bicornis
SAASTP0005 Sclerolaena calcarata Copper Burr
SAASTP0005 Sclerolaena glabra Bindii
SAASTP0005 Sclerolaena parallelicuspis Western Copperburr
SAASTP0005 Senecio gregorii Annual Yellow-top
SAASTP0005 Senna artemisioides subsp. zygophylla
SAASTP0005 Sida fibulifera Pin Sida
SAASTP0005 Stemodia florulenta Bluerod
SAASTP0005 Streptoglossa adscendens Desert Daisy
SAASTP0005 Swainsona oligophylla Rare
SAASTP0005 Tetragonia eremaea Desert Spinach
SATFLB0016 Abutilon leucopetalum Desert Chinese Lantern
SATFLB0016 Acacia araneosa Spidery Wattle Endangered
SATFLB0016 Acacia tetragonophylla Kurara
SATFLB0016 Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae
SATFLB0016 *Acetosa vesicaria Bladder Dock
SATFLB0016 Amyema miquelii Box Mistletoe
SATFLB0016 Aristida sp. Kerosene grasses
SATFLB0016 Austrostipa pilata Prickly Spear-grass Vulnerable
SATFLB0016 Dichelachne micrantha Short-haired Plume Grass
SATFLB0016 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass
SATFLB0016 Dodonaea baueri
SATFLB0016 Enneapogon caerulescens
SATFLB0016 Enneapogon cylindricus Jointed Bottlewashers
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Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA cons. code
SATFLB0016 Eucalyptus gillii Arkaroola mallee
SATFLB0016 Euphorbia drummondii Balsam
SATFLB0016 Lotus cruentus Red Bird's-foot Trefoil
SATFLB0016 Maireana coronata Crown Fissure-weed
SATFLB0016 Maireana pentatropis Erect Mallee Bluebush
SATFLB0016 Marsdenia australis Doubah
SATFLB0016 Melaleuca lanceolata Moonah
SATFLB0016 Myoporum montanum Boobialla
SATFLB0016 Omphalolappula concava Burr Stickseed
SATFLB0016 Pterocaulon sphacelatum Applebush
SATFLB0016 Ptilotus obovatus Cotton Bush
SATFLB0016 Salsola australis Russian Tumbleweed
SATFLB0016 Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Limestone Bindii
SATFLB0016 Senecio spanomerus
SATFLB0016 Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii Blunt-leaved Cassia
SATFLB0016 Senna artemisioides subsp. x artemisioides Silver Cassia
SATFLB0016 Sida fibulifera Pin Sida
SATFLB0016 Sida petrophila Rock Sida
SATFLB0016 Silene apetala Mallee Catchfly
SATFLB0016 Solanum ellipticum Hillside Flannel Bush
SATFLB0016 Solanum quadriloculatum Tomato Bush
SATFLB0016 *Sonchus oleraceus Annual Sowthistle
SATFLB0016 Triodia scariosa Porcupine Grass
SATFLB0016 Westringia rigida Stiff Western Rosemary
SATFLB0016 Zygophyllum ovatum Dwarf Twin-leaf
SATFLB0018 Acacia continua Thorn Wattle
SATFLB0018 Acacia rivalis Creek Wattle
SATFLB0018 Acacia victoriae subsp. victoriae
SATFLB0018 Aristida nitidula
SATFLB0018 Brachyscome ciliaris var. ciliaris Bushy Cut-leaf Daisy
SATFLB0018 Cassinia complanata Smooth Cassinia
SATFLB0018 Cheilanthes lasiophylla Woolly Cloak Fern
SATFLB0018 Codonocarpus pyramidalis Camel Poison Endangered
SATFLB0018 Cymbopogon ambiguus Lemon Grass
SATFLB0018 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass
SATFLB0018 Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima Narrow-leaf Hop-bush
SATFLB0018 Dysphania cristata Crested Crumbweed
SATFLB0018 Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush
SATFLB0018 Eucalyptus flindersii Grey mallee
SATFLB0018 Eucalyptus intertexta Red Box
SATFLB0018 Euphorbia drummondii Balsam
SATFLB0018 Exocarpos aphyllus Current Bush
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Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA cons. code
SATFLB0018 Gossypium sturtianum Desert Rose
SATFLB0018 Heliotropium asperrimum Rough Heliotrope
SATFLB0018 Indigofera longibractea Showy Indigo
SATFLB0018 Leiocarpa semicalva subsp. semicalva
SATFLB0018 Lomandra multiflora subsp. dura
SATFLB0018 Nicotiana simulans Native Tobacco
SATFLB0018 Olearia decurrens Clammy Daisy-bush
SATFLB0018 Oxalis perennans
SATFLB0018 Pterocaulon sphacelatum Applebush
SATFLB0018 Ptilotus obovatus Cotton Bush
SATFLB0018 Scaevola humilis Sandplain Fan-flower
SATFLB0018 *Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass
SATFLB0018 Senecio magnificus Camel Weed
SATFLB0018 Senecio quadridentatus Auricled Groundsel
SATFLB0018 Sida fibulifera Pin Sida
SATFLB0018 Sida petrophila Rock Sida
SATFLB0018 Solanum quadriloculatum Tomato Bush
SATFLB0018 Templetonia aculeata Spiny Bush-pea
SATFLB0018 Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum
SATFLB0018 Triodia irritans Porcupine Grass
SATFLB0018 Vittadinia blackii Western New Holland Daisy
SATFLB0018 Wahlenbergia communis Tufted Bluebell
SATFLB0018 Wahlenbergia luteola
SATFLB0018 Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata
SATSTP0006 Acacia ligulata Dune Wattle
SATSTP0006 Acacia tetragonophylla Kurara
SATSTP0006 Alternanthera nodiflora Common Joyweed
SATSTP0006 Bergia trimera Small Water-fire
SATSTP0006 Blennodia canescens Heliotrope
SATSTP0006 Brachyscome ciliaris var. lanuginosa
SATSTP0006 Brassica tournefortii Long-fruited Wild Turnip
SATSTP0006 Bulbine alata Native Leek
SATSTP0006 Calotis cymbacantha Burr-daisy
SATSTP0006 Calotis hispidula Bindy eye
SATSTP0006 Chenopodium auricomum Bluebush
SATSTP0006 Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Nodding Saltbush
SATSTP0006 Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush
SATSTP0006 Enneapogon avenaceus Bottle Washers
SATSTP0006 Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grass
SATSTP0006 Eragrostis setifolia
SATSTP0006 Eremophila maculata subsp. maculata Spotted Emu Bush
SATSTP0006 *Erodium cicutarium Alfilaree
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Plot name Herbarium determination Common name SA cons. code
SATSTP0006 Eucalyptus coolabah Coolabah
SATSTP0006 Gnephosis eriocarpa Mat Yellow-heads
SATSTP0006 Goodenia fascicularis Silky Goodenia
SATSTP0006 Heliotropium asperrimum Rough Heliotrope
SATSTP0006 Leiocarpa websteri
SATSTP0006 Lepidium muelleri-ferdinandi Mueller's Peppercress
SATSTP0006 Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush
SATSTP0006 Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo
SATSTP0006 Muehlenbeckia coccoloboides
SATSTP0006 Panicum decompositum var. decompositum
SATSTP0006 Plantago drummondii Dark Plantain
SATSTP0006 Polycalymma stuartii Poached-eggs Daisy
SATSTP0006 Pterocaulon sphacelatum Applebush
SATSTP0006 Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant Saltbush
SATSTP0006 Rhodanthe moschata
SATSTP0006 Rhodanthe stricta Slender Sunray
SATSTP0006 Santalum lanceolatum Blue Bush
SATSTP0006 Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Copper Burr
SATSTP0006 Senecio lanibracteus Desert Groundsel
SATSTP0006 Sida fibulifera Pin Sida
SATSTP0006 Solanum ellipticum Hillside Flannel Bush
SATSTP0006 Stemodia florulenta Bluerod
SATSTP0006 Stenopetalum anfractum
SATSTP0006 Tetragonia moorei Annual Spinach
SATSTP0006 Teucrium racemosum Grey Germander
SATSTP0006 Zygophyllum simile White Twinleaf
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