Invalid Voting in an Apolitical and Low Turnout Context: a Case Study of One Canadian Municipal Election
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Prism Vol. 9, No. 2 Prism About Vol
2 021 PRISMVOL. 9, NO. 2 | 2021 PRISM VOL. 9, NO. 2 NO. 9, VOL. THE JOURNAL OF COMPLEX OPER ATIONS PRISM ABOUT VOL. 9, NO. 2, 2021 PRISM, the quarterly journal of complex operations published at National Defense University (NDU), aims to illuminate and provoke debate on whole-of-government EDITOR IN CHIEF efforts to conduct reconstruction, stabilization, counterinsurgency, and irregular Mr. Michael Miklaucic warfare operations. Since the inaugural issue of PRISM in 2010, our readership has expanded to include more than 10,000 officials, servicemen and women, and practi- tioners from across the diplomatic, defense, and development communities in more COPYEDITOR than 80 countries. Ms. Andrea L. Connell PRISM is published with support from NDU’s Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS). In 1984, Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger established INSS EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS within NDU as a focal point for analysis of critical national security policy and Ms. Taylor Buck defense strategy issues. Today INSS conducts research in support of academic and Ms. Amanda Dawkins leadership programs at NDU; provides strategic support to the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, combatant commands, and armed services; Ms. Alexandra Fabre de la Grange and engages with the broader national and international security communities. Ms. Julia Humphrey COMMUNICATIONS INTERNET PUBLICATIONS PRISM welcomes unsolicited manuscripts from policymakers, practitioners, and EDITOR scholars, particularly those that present emerging thought, best practices, or train- Ms. Joanna E. Seich ing and education innovations. Publication threshold for articles and critiques varies but is largely determined by topical relevance, continuing education for national and DESIGN international security professionals, scholarly standards of argumentation, quality of Mr. -
The Political Effects of Electronic Voting in India
Technology and Protest: The Political Effects of Electronic Voting in India † Zuheir Desai∗ Alexander Lee April 7, 2019 Abstract Electronic voting technology is often proposed as translating voter intent to vote totals better than alternative systems such as paper ballots. We suggest that electronic voting machines (EVMs) can also alter vote choice, and, in particular, the way in which voters register anti- system sentiment. This paper examines the effects of the introduction of electronic voting machines in India, the world’s largest democracy, using a difference-in-differences methodol- ogy that takes advantage of the technology’s gradual introduction. We find that EVMs are as- sociated with dramatic declines in the incidence of invalid votes, and corresponding increases in vote for minor candidates. There is ambiguous evidence for EVMs decreasing turnout, no evidence for increases in rough proxies of voter error or fraud, and no evidence that machines with an auditable paper trail perform differently from other EVMs. The results highlight the interaction between voter technology and voter protest, and the substitutability of different types of protest voting. Word Count: 9995 ∗Department of Political Science, University of Rochester, Harkness Hall, Rochester, NY 14627. Email: [email protected]. †Department of Political Science, University of Rochester, Harkness Hall, Rochester, NY 14627. Email: alexan- [email protected]. 1 Introduction Social scientists have long been aware that voting technology may have important -
Nber Working Paper Series Valuing the Vote
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES VALUING THE VOTE: THE REDISTRIBUTION OF VOTING RIGHTS AND STATE FUNDS FOLLOWING THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 Elizabeth U. Cascio Ebonya L. Washington Working Paper 17776 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17776 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2012 We thank Bill Fischel, Alan Gerber, Claudia Goldin, Naomi Lamoreaux, Ethan Lewis, Sendhil Mullainathan, Gavin Wright and seminar participants at Dartmouth College, Hunter College and the University of Miami for helpful conversations in preparation of this draft. Cascio gratefully acknowledges research support from Dartmouth College, and Washington gratefully acknowledges research support from the National Science Foundation. All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2012 by Elizabeth U. Cascio and Ebonya L. Washington. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Valuing the Vote: The Redistribution of Voting Rights and State Funds Following the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Elizabeth U. Cascio and Ebonya L. Washington NBER Working Paper No. 17776 January 2012, Revised August 2012 JEL No. D72,H7,I2,J15,N32 ABSTRACT The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) has been called one of the most effective pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. -
The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and The
The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Sebastian Hurtado-Torres December 2016 © 2016 Sebastian Hurtado-Torres. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei's Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 by SEBASTIAN HURTADO-TORRES has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick Barr-Melej Associate Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT HURTADO-TORRES, SEBASTIAN, Ph.D., December 2016, History The Gathering Storm: The United States, Eduardo Frei’s Revolution in Liberty, and the Polarization of Chilean Politics, 1964-1970 Director of Dissertation: Patrick Barr-Melej This dissertation explores the involvement of the United States in Chilean politics between the presidential campaign of 1964 and Salvador Allende’s accession to the presidency in 1970. The main argument of this work is that the partnership between the Christian Democratic Party of Chile (PDC) and the United States in this period played a significant role in shaping Chilean politics and thus contributed to its growing polarization. The alliance between the PDC and the United States was based as much on their common views on communism as on their shared ideas about modernization and economic development. Furthermore, the U.S. Embassy in Santiago, headed by men strongly committed to the success of the Christian Democratic project, involved itself heavily in the inner workings of Chilean politics as an informal actor, unable to dictate terms but capable of exerting influence on local actors whose interests converged with those of the United States. -
“Small” Improvements in Government Functioning
Supporting “SMall” IMproveMents in governMent functioning Supporting “small” improvements in government functioning: A rough guide for development professionals1 Nick Manning 1. Introduction This rough guide offers advice to development specialists seeking to support modest public sector management (PSM) reforms. The first part of this chapter offers suggestions for governance practitioners – emphasising the importance of understanding the technical domain, of practising enthusiastic scepticism as a response to the acknowledged difficulties of the field, of acting with conviction but without professional ego and of recognising the power of honest contestation in a territory which has some entrenched fault lines. In the second part I offer ideas for managing the product, concluding that while it is unlikely that any programme will be right first time, it is important to get it as right as possible about what it is that needs to be fixed, to build in enough flexibility (of ends as well as means) into the project design and to have a working theory about why autonomous individuals might want to change their behaviour as a result of the programme The starting point for this discussion is that in a development context, asserting that your task is in some way to help the public sector work better – casting light on the darkest parts of the bureaucratic black box – elicits broadly similar responses. You will hear that it is vital. Everyone is quick to assure development professionals working on this area that development is significantly a function of public sector capacity and that governments work better if budgets are better prepared and financial management systems better operated, if arrangements are in place to ensure that skilled staff are recruited on merit and rewarded for doing well, if revenues are raised more equitably and efficiently, and maybe you will even hear that it is important that social and economic regulation is managed more productively. -
Spillover from High Profile Statewide Races Into Races
COLLECTIVE AND COMPONENT CONSTITUENCIES: SPILLOVER FROM HIGH PROFILE STATEWIDE RACES INTO RACES FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by GREGORY J. WOLF (Under the Direction of Jamie L. Carson) ABSTRACT It is widely known that turnout is substantially lower during midterm elections than it is in presidential elections. However, little research has addressed how turnout varies state by state. It is hypothesized that competitive high profile races increase turnout. Additionally, increases in turnout should impact races down the ballot through coattail effects. These hypotheses are tested in on- and off-year elections, expecting different results due to the presence of the presidential race at the top of the ticket in on-years. The results indicate competitive high profile races significantly increase turnout. Additionally, states with same-day voter registration have higher turnout rates than states that do not. Coattails are extended from the presidential race to House races in on-years and from Senate and gubernatorial races in off-years. Surprisingly, Senate races are the only types of races that see enhanced coattail effects when the race is competitive and they are negative in nature. INDEX WORDS: elections, congress, constituency, coattails, turnout COLLECTIVE AND COMPONENT CONSTITUENCIES: SPILLOVER FROM HIGH PROFILE STATEWIDE RACES INTO RACES FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by GREGORY J. WOLF B.A., The University of Pittsburgh, 2007 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2009 © 2009 Gregory J. Wolf All Rights Reserved COLLECTIVE AND COMPONENT CONSTITUENCIES: SPILLOVER FROM HIGH PROFILE STATEWIDE RACES INTO RACES FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by GREGORY J. -
Philosophy & Social Criticism
Philosophy & Social Criticism http://psc.sagepub.com/ Apathy: the democratic disease Jeffrey E. Green Philosophy Social Criticism 2004 30: 745 DOI: 10.1177/0191453704045763 The online version of this article can be found at: http://psc.sagepub.com/content/30/5-6/745 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Philosophy & Social Criticism can be found at: Email Alerts: http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://psc.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Dec 6, 2004 What is This? Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA on May 6, 2013 12 045763 (to/d) 2/9/04 11:38 am Page 745 Jeffrey E. Green Apathy: the democratic disease Abstract This essay turns to ancient sources in order to rethink the relation- ship between political apathy and democracy. If modern democratic theorists place political apathy entirely outside of democracy – either as a destructive limit upon the full realization of a democratic polity, or, more sanguinely, as a pragmatic necessity which tempers democracy so that it may function in a workable yet watered-down form – the ancients conceived of political apathy as a peculiarly democratic phenomenon that was likely to flourish in tandem with the expansion of egalitarian institutional structures and moral ideas. Evidence for the ancient recognition of political apathy as a uniquely demo- cratic kind of affliction centers on, but is not limited to, three main sources. In literature, the Homeric epic, and specifically the story of Achilles, present apathy for politics and commitment to human equality as synonymous forces. -
None of the Above: Protest Voting in the World's Largest Democracy*
None Of The Above: Protest Voting in the World’sLargest Democracy Gergely Ujhelyi, Somdeep Chatterjee, and Andrea Szabóy February 29, 2020 Abstract Who are “protest voters” and do they affect elections? We study this question using the introduction of a pure protest option (“None Of The Above”) on Indian ballots. To infer individual behavior from administrative data, we borrow a model from the consumer demand literature in Industrial Organization. We find that in elections without NOTA, most protest voters simply abstain. Protest voters who turn out scatter their votes among many candidates and consequently have little impact on election results. From a policy perspective, NOTA may be an effective tool to increase political participation, and can attenuate the electoral impact of compulsory voting. We thank Sourav Bhattacharya, Francisco Cantú, Alessandra Casella, Aimee Chin, Julien Labonne, Arvind Magesan, Eric Mbakop, Suresh Naidu, Mike Ting, and especially Thomas Fujiwara for useful com- ments and suggestions. We also thank seminar participants at Oxford, Columbia, WUSTL, Calgary, the 2016 Wallis Institute Conference, the 2016 Banff Workshop in Empirical Microeconomics, NEUDC 2016, and the 2016 STATA Texas Empirical Microeconomics conference for comments. Thanks to seminar participants at the Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, and Public Choice Society 2015 for feedback on an earlier version. We gratefully acknowledge use of the Maxwell/Opuntia Cluster and support from the Center for Advanced Computing and Data Systems at the University of Houston. A previous version of the paper circulated under “‘None Of The Above’Votes in India and the Consumption Utility of Voting”(first version: November 1, 2015). -
Hegemony Or Bureaucracy
Contents Acknowledgments. ........................................ XI Introduction. ........................................... .. XIII PART I INTRODUCTION Patterns in Higher Education Development: Towards the Year 2000 . 3 Philip C. Altbach The Political Economy of Education. ........................... 17 Martin Carnoy The Problematic Meaning of "Comparison" in Comparative Education. 31 Erwin H. Epstein Comparing Higher Education Systems. ......................... 41 Maurice Kogan The Use and Abuse of Comparative Education. ................... 46 Harold l. Noah Higher Education in Developing Countries: The Scenario of the Future. 55 George Psacharopoulos PART II FACULTY WORK AND THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE New Perspectives on an Old Problem: The Position of Women Academics in British Higher Education. 63 Sandra Acker The Academic Profession in International Perspective. 78 Philip C. Altbach and Lionel S. Lewis The Market Oriented University and the Changing Role of Knowledge. 98 Howard Buchbinder Work. ................................................ .. 111 Burton R. Clark vii viii Comparative Education Places of Inquiry ........................................ .. 134 Burton R. Clark The University in a Democracy-Democratization of the University. .. 150 lutgen Habermas Producing Knowledge in Africa Today: The Second Bashorun M. K. O. Abiola Distinguished Lecture. ....................... .. 156 Paulin}. Hountondji Cultural Influences on the Construction of Knowledge in Japanese Higher Education. ................................ .. 163 -
The Climate Just City
sustainability Article The Climate Just City Mikael Granberg 1,2,3,* and Leigh Glover 1 1 The Centre for Societal Risk Research and Political Science, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; [email protected] 2 The Centre for Natural Hazards and Disaster Science, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 3 The Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Cities are increasingly impacted by climate change, driving the need for adaptation and sustainable development. Local and global economic and socio-cultural influence are also driving city redevelopment. This, fundamentally political, development highlights issues of who pays and who gains, who decides and how, and who/what is to be valued. Climate change adaptation has primarily been informed by science, but the adaptation discourse has widened to include the social sciences, subjecting adaptation practices to political analysis and critique. In this article, we critically discuss the just city concept in a climate adaptation context. We develop the just city concept by describing and discussing key theoretical themes in a politically and justice-oriented analysis of climate change adaptation in cities. We illustrate our arguments by looking at recent case studies of climate change adaptation in three very different city contexts: Port Vila, Baltimore City, and Karlstad. We conclude that the social context with its power asymmetries must be given a central position in understanding the distribution of climate risks and vulnerabilities when studying climate change adaptation in cities from a climate justice perspective. Keywords: just city; climate just city; ‘the right to the city’; climate change adaptation; power; equity; urban planning Citation: Granberg, M.; Glover, L. -
"I Voted": Examining the Impact of Compulsory Voting on Voter Turnout Nina A
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2016 "I Voted": Examining the Impact of Compulsory Voting on Voter Turnout Nina A. Kamath Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Kamath, Nina A., ""I Voted": Examining the Impact of Compulsory Voting on Voter Turnout" (2016). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 1286. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1286 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE “I VOTED”: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF COMPULSORY VOTING ON VOTER TURNOUT SUBMITTED TO Professor Manfred Keil AND Professor Eric Helland AND Dean Peter Uvin By Nina Kamath For Senior Thesis Fall 2015 November 30, 2015 Department of Economics ii iii Abstract Over the past few decades, falling voter turnout rates have induced governments to adopt compulsory voting laws, in order to mitigate issues such as the socioeconomic voter gap and to bring a broader spectrum of voters into the fold. This paper presents evidence that the introduction of mandatory voting laws increases voter turnout rates by 13 points within a particular country through an entity- and time-fixed effect panel model. Moreover, it includes a discussion of the implications of adopting mandatory voting policies within the United States, finding that compelling citizens to vote would have increased participation rates to over 90 percent in the past four presidential elections. iv Acknowledgements First, I want to thank my parents for their unconditional love, support, and encouragement. I would also like to thank Professor Manfred Keil, Associate Professor of Economics at Claremont McKenna College, for his valuable guidance and support in completing this senior thesis. -
The Struggle for Voting Rights in Mississippi ~ the Early Years
The Struggle for Voting Rights in Mississippi ~ the Early Years Excerpted from “History & Timeline” Mississippi — the Eye of the Storm It is a trueism of the era that as you travel from the north to the south the deeper grows the racism, the worse the poverty, and the more brutal the repression. In the geography of the Freedom Movement the South is divided into mental zones according to the virulence of bigotry and oppression: the “Border States” (Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and the urban areas of Maryland); the “Mid South” (Virginia, the East Shore of Maryland, North Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas); and the “Deep South” (South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana). And then there is Mississippi, in a class by itself — the absolute deepest pit of racism, violence, and poverty. During the post-Depression decades of the 1940s and 1950s, most of the South experiences enormous economic changes. “King Cotton” declines as agriculture diversifies and mechanizes. In 1920, almost a million southern Blacks work in agriculture, by 1960 that number has declined by 75% to around 250,000 — resulting in a huge migration off the land into the cities both North and South. By 1960, almost 60% of southern Blacks live in urban areas (compared to roughly 30% in 1930). But those economic changes come slowly, if at all, to Mississippi and the Black Belt areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana. In 1960, almost 70% of Mississippi Blacks still live in rural areas, and more than a third (twice the percentage in the rest of the South) work the land as sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and farm laborers.