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Articles Parus En 2016 Veille d’informations sur la mouche du chou (Delia radicum) Ce document présente une liste d’articles et de rapports de recherches réalisés au Québec ou en dehors du Québec. Dernière mise à jour : 16 janvier 2017. Table des matières Articles parus en 2016 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Articles parus en 2015 .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Articles parus en 2014 ................................................................................................................................................15 Articles parus avant 2014 ...........................................................................................................................................16 Articles parus en 2016 Bili, M., Cortesero, A. M., Mougel, C., Gauthier, J. P., Ermel, G., Simon, J. C., ... & Poinsot, D. (2016). Bacterial Community Diversity Harboured by Interacting Species. PloS one, 11(6), e0155392. All animals are infected by microbial partners that can be passengers or residents and influence many biological traits of their hosts. Even if important factors that structure the composition and abundance of microbial communities within and among host individuals have been recently described, such as diet, developmental stage or phylogeny, few studies have conducted cross-taxonomic comparisons, especially on host species related by trophic relationships. Here, we describe and compare the microbial communities associated with the cabbage root fly Delia radicum and its three major parasitoids: the two staphylinid beetles Aleochara bilineata and A. bipustulata and the hymenopteran parasitoid Trybliographa rapae. For each species, two populations from Western France were sampled and microbial communities were described through culture independent methods (454 pyrosequencing). Each sample harbored at least 59 to 261 different bacterial phylotypes but was strongly dominated by one or two. Microbial communities differed markedly in terms of composition and abundance, being mainly influenced by phylogenetic proximity but also geography to a minor extent. Surprisingly, despite their strong trophic interaction, parasitoids shared a very low proportion of microbial partners with their insect host. Three vertically transmitted symbionts from the genus Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Spiroplasma were found in this study. Among them, Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were found in both the cabbage fly and at least one of its parasitoids, which could result from horizontal transfers through trophic interactions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this hypothesis may explain some but not all cases. More work is needed to understand the dynamics of symbiotic associations within trophic network and the effect of these bacterial communities on the fitness of their hosts. Bili, M., Cortesero, A. M., Outreman, Y., & Poinsot, D. (2016). Host specialisation and competition asymmetry in coleopteran parasitoids. Oecologia, 1-8. Cette veille bibliographique est réalisée par Nathalie Roullé et Nicolas Chatel-Launay, Pôle d’excellence en lutte intégrée (PELI). Être informé des activités du PELI : http://www.lutteintegree.com/fr/Nous-joindre/ 1 When specialists and generalists compete for a limited resource, specialists are more constrained because they are less likely to find an alternative resource. In parasitoids with overlapping host ranges, asymmetric competition should therefore exist where specialists are more likely to win the host in a contest. Competition between parasitoids has been studied mostly in hymenopterans. In hymenopteran parasitoid wasps, females must reach the host to lay their eggs and can thus strongly influence the outcome of competition between future offspring by killing eggs or larvae of competitors. We studied competition between the free-ranging larvae of two sympatric coleopteran parasitoid rove beetles (one specialist, Aleochara bilineata and a generalist, Aleochara bipustulata) with overlapping host ranges competing in agricultural fields for pupae of the cabbage root fly. In these species, females lay their eggs in the soil, then first instars find the host where they will develop as solitary parasitoids and deal with potential competitors. Because adult longevity and fecundity favour the generalist, we postulated that first instars of the specialist would be superior larval competitors. Accordingly, we studied the outcome of encounters between first instars of the two species provided with a single host. Irrespective of its release prior to or simultaneously with its generalist competitor, the larva of the specialist most often won. Moreover, specialist larvae still won half of the encounters when generalist larvae were given a 24-h advantage. This might explain the coexistence of the two species in the field. Cao, M. (2016). Limitations of RNA interference as a potential technique for crop protection against insect pests (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University). The RNAi response suppresses gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and the potential of this technique to give control of insect pests in crops has been recognised for a decade. This project focuses on a comparison of RNAi responses in insects of different orders by injecting and feeding dsRNA directed against thread (APIN) and V-Type- ATPase E homologues in the target species. The results showed systemic RNAi responses, and mortality, occurred in larvae of the Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum), Coleopteran, but not a Hemipteran, the Acyrthosiphon pisum (A. pisum), where comparatively low levels of gene down-regulation were only achieved by injection of dsRNA. DsRNA injection produced both a lethal phenotype and gene down- regulation in larvae of the dipteran species Musca domestica (M. domestica), and Delia radicum (D. radicum), although the effects were found to be stage dependent. Rapid dsRNA degradation in the extracellular environment could lead to a limitation of RNAi reponses. In vitro experiments show that dsRNA was degraded rapidly by A. pisum haemolymph and gut extracts, and less rapidly by D. radicum larval extracts. However, T. castaneum larval extracts differ in both the amount and qualitative nature of their RNase activity; dsRNA was degraded at a slow rate, predominantly by exonuclease activity rather than endonuclease activity. A strategy using recombinant proteins was used to address limitations of RNAi effects after feeding dsRNA in insects. A recombinant protein containing an RNA binding domain (RBD) was selected to conjugate dsRNA forming a protein-RNA complex. The complexed protein enhanced the stability of dsRNA and protected it from degradation from insect extracts. A fusion protein containing snowdrop lectin (GNA) linked to RBD was also developed to produce a "systemic" RNAi effect, by transporting the protein-RNA complex to the insect haemolymph using the lectin as a "carrier". Eigenbrode, S. D., Birch, A. N. E., Lindzey, S., Meadow, R., & Snyder, W. E. (2016). REVIEW: A mechanistic framework to improve understanding and applications of push‐pull systems in pest management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(1), 202-212. To locate and evaluate host patches before oviposition, parasitoids of herbivorous insects utilize plant volatiles and host-derived cues, but also evaluate predator-derived infochemicals to reduce predation risks. When foraging in host habitats infested with entomopathogenic fungi that can infect both a parasitoid and its host, parasitoids may reduce the risk of intraguild predation (IGP) by avoiding such patches. In this study, we examined whether the presence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana in soil habitats of a root herbivore, Delia radicum, affects the behavior of Trybliographa rapae, a parasitoid of D. radicum. Olfactometer bioassays revealed that Cette veille bibliographique est réalisée par Nathalie Roullé et Nicolas Chatel-Launay, Pôle d’excellence en lutte intégrée (PELI). Être informé des activités du PELI : http://www.lutteintegree.com/fr/Nous-joindre/ 2 T. rapae avoided fungal infested host habitats and that this was dependent on fungal species and density. In particular, the parasitoid avoided habitats with high densities of the more virulent fungus, M. brunneum. In addition, host density was found to be important for the attraction of T. rapae. Volatiles collected from host habitats revealed different compound profiles depending on fungal presence and density, which could explain the behavior of T. rapae. We conclude that T. rapae females may use volatile compounds to locate high densities of prey, but also compounds related to fungal presence to reduce the risk of IGP towards themselves and their offspring. Guerra, P. C., Keil, C. B., Stevenson, P. C., Mina, D., Samaniego, S., Peralta, E., ... & Chancellor, T. C. (2016). Larval performance and adult attraction of Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in a native and an introduced crop. Journal of Economic Entomology, tow237. Delia platura Meigen is an important pest in crops around the world. Its host range includes almost 50 species, and it can develop in soil organic matter. In Ecuador, D. platura is a serious problem for the crop, Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Chocho), and it also attacks broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). After broccoli is harvested, crop residue is mixed with soil or collected
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