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Chinese family business networks in the making of a Malay state: Kedah and the region c. 1882-1941
Wu, X.A.
Publication date 1999
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA): Wu, X. A. (1999). Chinese family business networks in the making of a Malay state: Kedah and the region c. 1882-1941.
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Download date:26 Sep 2021 Appendices
Figure 1 : Branches of the Lim Leng Cheak Lineage: First and Second Generations
Lim Leng Cheak = Tan Say Seang (1850-1901) (7-1930)
Eow Hong Eow Thoon Eow Hooi Eow Teng
( extinct today)
Figure 2: Branches of the Choong Cheng Kean Lineage
Choong Cheng Kean = Lim Gek Kee (1857-1916) (1863-1944)
Lye Hock = Lim Liew Saik Lye Hin = Lee Chye Pin (1882-1960) (1883-1935) (?- 1933)
Eng Kim Eng Hai Kim Eng Kim Chew Kim Seng
Yew Yin Sim Poey
Yew Sang Yew Liang Yew Meng Yew Yang
(fourth generation alive) 265
Figure 3: Branches of the Phual (Lim) Hin Leong Lineage: First and Second Generations
Phual (Lim) Hin Leong = Ong Teng Neoh (1844-1901)
Cheng Teik Cheng Law Cheng Ean
(extinct today)
Figure 4: Branches of the Chong Sin Yew Lineage: First and Second Generations
Chong Sin Yew (7-1919)
Kim Poh Chye Kee Choon Poh Peng Yiat
(extinct today)
Figure 5: Branches of the Lim Boon Haw Lineage: First and Second Generations
Lim Boon Haw (1864-1933)
Seng Tiew Chiew Chu
(extinct today)
Legend: = indicates marriage. 266
Table 1. Chinese Population in Kedah 1911-1957
Year Population Numberial Increase % of Increase
1911 33,746 - - 1921 59,403 25,657 76.0 1931 78,415 19,012 31.3 1947 115,928 37,513 47.8 1957 144,057 28,129 24.2
Sources: Censuses of Population 1911-1957.
Table 2. Chinese Population of Kedah by Dialect Groups 1911-1957
Group 1911 1921 1931 1947 1957 !
Teochew 9,494 16,065 23,045 33,319 43,401 Hokkien 8,720 15,491 21,784 31,432 43,647 Khek 6,836 12,455 13,718 16,400 22,136 Cantonese 6,412 11,647 13,037 24,640 22,287 Hailam 1,980 2,768 2,761 3,325 3,702 Hockchiu 202 646 1,284 2,190 2,479 Kwongsai - - 1,075 1,440 1,432 Others "
Total 33,746 59,403 78,415 115,928 144,057
Source: Census of Population 1911-1957
Table 3. Chinese population of Kedah by administrative district 1911-1957
District 1911 1921 1931 1947 1957
Baling* 1,269 3,210 5,063 8,026 9,216 Sik - - - 549 918 B. Baharu 3,174 5,092 8,247 6,564 7,009 Kota Star** 8,827 14,798 21,642 22,008 23,563 Alor Star - - - 15,534 25,588 | Kuala Muda 9,180 16,194 15,678 25,778 35,006 Kubang Pasu 840 4,121 6,118 8,226 11,400 Kulim 8,761 13,540 17,213 22,181 22,108 Padang Trap 88 204 552 457 498 Langkawi 856 1,183 1,010 1,321 1,605 Yan 751 1,061 3,977 5,284 7,146
Total 33,746 59,403 78,415 115,928 144,057
Note: *from 1947, Baling District was divided into two districts: Baling and Sik; ** Kota Star district was also divided into Alor Star and Kota Star. Source: Censuses of Population 1911-1957. 267
Table 4. Chinese dialect groups spatial distribution in Kedah by administrative districts 1957.
District Tiechew Hokkien Khek Cantonese
Alor Star 4,148 10,346 2,593 5,754 Kota Star 6,529 10,412 2,577 2,662 Kabang Pasu 1,385 6,525 1,941 1,019 Padang Terap 123 206 76 62 Yan 1,999 2,823 638 1,219 Kuala Muda 16,910 6,383 4,038 5,148 Sik 150 207 204 206 Baling 2,088 1,264 2,695 2,112 Kulim 6,239 3,754 6,264 3,042 B. Bharu 3,767 819 1,068 919 Langkawi 63 908 33 144
Source: Census of Population 1957.
Table 5. Chinese Population of Kedah by town 1921-1957
Town 1921 1931 1957
Alor Star 5,492 7,740 25,586 Baling 323 549 1,892 Bandar B. 529 649 669 Kara Bedong 432 - - Changlun 507 - - Gurun 356 778 3,001 Jitra 270 436 1,073 Kota 539 462 - Kulim 1,931 3,294 10,887 Lunas 1,149 1,259 2,442 Padang Serai 399 673 1,978 Sungei Patani 2,485 4,136 13,272 Yan 192 249 351
Source: Censuses of Population 1921-1957.
Table 6. Identifying Penang-Kedah Chinese Community with their home villages
Family* Arrival Home Village
Lim Leng Cheak Baba Sandu, Haichen, Amoy Choong Cheng Kean 1870s Xianglu, Tongan, Amoy Phuah Hin Leong 1860s Huqiu, Anqi, Quanzhou Tan Ah Yu 1880s Xianlin, Tongan, Amoy Chong Sin Yew 1880s Maxian, Tongan, Amoy Lim Boon Har 1883 Longmen, Anqi, Quanzhou Lim Lean Teng 1893 Luyan, Hueilai, Satow
Note: * The second generation are included under the title of these first generation families. 268
Table 7. The Natural and Political Situations For the Rice Trading Policy 1910-1940
Year Cause Policy
Cattle Disease Restriction 1910-1911 Failure Prohibition 1911-1912 War Prohibition 1914-1915 Food Crisis Food Control 1919-1920 Food Crisis Food Control 1920-1921 Drought Restriction 1923-1924 Drought & Pest Restriction 1925-1926 Drought Restriction 1927-1928 Drought Restriction 1929-1930 Flood & Stem rotting Fungi 1936-1937 War Food Control 1939-1940
Source: KAR 1910-1939.
Table 8. Paddy and Rice Export in Kedah 1913-1939
Year Paddy Percentage(%) Rice (ton) Percentage (%)
1913-1914 11,915.3* 2,308.3* 1914-1915 13,290.4 2,171.2 1915-1916 15,968.8 2,854.4 1916-1917 17,156.8 2,672.0 1919-1921 - -
1931-1932 19,204** 42.8 25,662** 57.2 1932-1933 20,627 40.5 30,298 59.5 1933-1934 20,998 44.2 26,553 55.8 1934-1935 23,858 38.9 37,486 61.1 1935-1936 20,027 34.8 37,520 65.2 1936-1937 12,880 26.1 36,451 73.9 1937-1938 9513 24.3 29,625 75.7 1938-1939 15,923 41.0 22,910 59.0
Note: * unit=gantang; ** unit=ton. Source: KAR 1350-1357 (1913-1939). 269
Table 9. The Export Duty of Paddy & Rice in Kedah 1869-1934
Year Rice Paddy Unit Rate: Rice: Paddy
1869-1913 8 4 2:1 1913-1919 10 5 $/K* 2:1
1919-1921 - 100 C/P** . 1923-1927 50 20 2?:1 1927-Dec. 1930 40 20 2:1 Dec.1930- 35 20 1.75:1 Feb.1931 25 20 1.25:1 Feb. 1931-1934 10 10 1:1 1934-
Source: SUK/K Files 1905-1934. Note: * $/K= $:koyan; ** C/P=cent:pikul
Tabl e 10. Rubber Estates in Kedah (1930s)
Community Estate Relongs
European 89 173,546 Chinese 146 55,802 Chetties 39 8,693 North Indians 3 582 Malays 12 4,692
Source:SE, 21 May 1936. 270
Table 11. A Select List of Choong Lye Hock's Properties in Kedah and Perlis (Prior 31 December 1947) (Prior War Assets)
A. 50% Share with the late Brother Choong Lye Hin
Grant Allot No. Section Locality
SP 61713 1 22 44 Pekan China, Alor Star " 61714 2 22 42 -do- " 61716 4 22 38 -do- " 61718 32 25 103 -do- " 61989 43 30 72 -do- " 61990 44 30 70 -do- "61991 45 30 68 -do- " 62042 4 23 39 -do- " 62043 5 23 37 -do- " 61799 13 25 61 Pekan Melayu, Alor Star " 61951 6 30 59 -do- " 61952 7 30 117 -do- " 62641 41 17 84 -do- " 61721 9 22 2 Jalan P. Lama, Alor Star " 61947 2 30 13 -do- " 61949 4 30 17 -do- " 46321 13 16 48 Jalan Raja, Alor Star " 46322 14 16 46 -do- " 46323 15 16 44 -do- " 46324 16 16 42 -do- " 46325 17 16 2 Jalan Regent, Alor Star " 46326 18 16 4 -do- " 46327 19 16 6 -do- " 46328 20 16 8A -do- " 46329 21 16 SB -do- " 61781 2 20 4 Jalan Raja, Alor Star " 61782 3 20 6 -do- " 61783 4 20 (Vacant Land) " 62979 32 30 96 J.M. Lama Alor Star " 20742 13 2 89 Jalan Langgar, Alor Star " 20743 14 2 87 -do- " 20758 29 2 119 -do- " 13308 P 491 - 20 -do- " 13500 P 422 - - " 11538 P 28 - -
B. Land and Houses in Alor Star
Grant Section Locality
SP 11558 P 51 Sebrang Perak " 68 L 163 74 Pekan Melayu " 332 L 20 32 Pekan China " 442 L 18 28 Pekan China " 441 L 19 30 Pekan China " 356 L 8 8 Pekan China " 360 L 400 Lorong Kechik (Vacant Land) " 361 L 401 -do- 271
C. Padi Land in Kedah & Perlis
Grant Locality State Area R. J. K.
SP 10617 Anak Bukit Kedah 19 432 " 10823 " 16401 -do- -do- 36 372 " 11557 Titi Gajah -do- 40 249 " 12319 Sebrang Perak -do- 083 51 " 10106 K. Kechik -do- 14 088 00 " 11183 Sianglang -do- 20 022 00 " 11184 -do- -do- 1 001 00 " 11185 -do- -do- 1 001 00 " 49654 -do- -do- 1 001 00 " 53768 Changkai Kling -do- 4 356 00 " 11553 Station Jeram -do- 3 242 20 " 11554 S. Pangkan Kapal -do- 067 21 " 11556 -do- -do- 063 32 " 11559 -do- -do- 032 32 " 11561 -do- -do- 043 11 " 11549 Sebrang Perak -do- 082 36 " 11560 -do- -do- 1 302 20 " 6273 -do- -do- 031 44 " 9598 Toh Dai -do- 7 137 40 " 9599 -do- -do- 434 40 " ? -do- -do- 410 00 " 14039 Tj. Bayan -do- 41 030 00 " 14046 Klang S. Lurangar -do- 16 134 00 " 24115 Lehar Bayan -do- 10 384 20 SK 7468 Klang S. Lurangar -do- 27 399 00 " 7647 Tutangan A. Pulai -do- 10 077 00 " 9226 Sia Korah -do- 9 000 00 SP Besar 61751 Labar Bulok -do- 10 242 00 K. Sianglang Perlis 102 243 00
Source: Private Documents of the Choong Family.