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Chinese family business networks in the making of a Malay state: and the region c. 1882-1941

Wu, X.A.

Publication date 1999

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA): Wu, X. A. (1999). Chinese family business networks in the making of a Malay state: Kedah and the region c. 1882-1941.

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Download date:26 Sep 2021 Appendices

Figure 1 : Branches of the Lim Leng Cheak Lineage: First and Second Generations

Lim Leng Cheak = Tan Say Seang (1850-1901) (7-1930)

Eow Hong Eow Thoon Eow Hooi Eow Teng

( extinct today)

Figure 2: Branches of the Choong Cheng Kean Lineage

Choong Cheng Kean = Lim Gek Kee (1857-1916) (1863-1944)

Lye Hock = Lim Liew Saik Lye Hin = Lee Chye Pin (1882-1960) (1883-1935) (?- 1933)

Eng Kim Eng Hai Kim Eng Kim Chew Kim Seng

Yew Yin Sim Poey

Yew Sang Yew Liang Yew Meng Yew Yang

(fourth generation alive) 265

Figure 3: Branches of the Phual (Lim) Hin Leong Lineage: First and Second Generations

Phual (Lim) Hin Leong = Ong Teng Neoh (1844-1901)

Cheng Teik Cheng Law Cheng Ean

(extinct today)

Figure 4: Branches of the Chong Sin Yew Lineage: First and Second Generations

Chong Sin Yew (7-1919)

Kim Poh Chye Kee Choon Poh Peng Yiat

(extinct today)

Figure 5: Branches of the Lim Boon Haw Lineage: First and Second Generations

Lim Boon Haw (1864-1933)

Seng Tiew Chiew Chu

(extinct today)

Legend: = indicates marriage. 266

Table 1. Chinese Population in Kedah 1911-1957

Year Population Numberial Increase % of Increase

1911 33,746 - - 1921 59,403 25,657 76.0 1931 78,415 19,012 31.3 1947 115,928 37,513 47.8 1957 144,057 28,129 24.2

Sources: Censuses of Population 1911-1957.

Table 2. Chinese Population of Kedah by Dialect Groups 1911-1957

Group 1911 1921 1931 1947 1957 !

Teochew 9,494 16,065 23,045 33,319 43,401 Hokkien 8,720 15,491 21,784 31,432 43,647 Khek 6,836 12,455 13,718 16,400 22,136 Cantonese 6,412 11,647 13,037 24,640 22,287 Hailam 1,980 2,768 2,761 3,325 3,702 Hockchiu 202 646 1,284 2,190 2,479 Kwongsai - - 1,075 1,440 1,432 Others "

Total 33,746 59,403 78,415 115,928 144,057

Source: Census of Population 1911-1957

Table 3. Chinese population of Kedah by administrative district 1911-1957

District 1911 1921 1931 1947 1957

Baling* 1,269 3,210 5,063 8,026 9,216 Sik - - - 549 918 B. Baharu 3,174 5,092 8,247 6,564 7,009 Kota Star** 8,827 14,798 21,642 22,008 23,563 Alor Star - - - 15,534 25,588 | Kuala Muda 9,180 16,194 15,678 25,778 35,006 Kubang Pasu 840 4,121 6,118 8,226 11,400 Kulim 8,761 13,540 17,213 22,181 22,108 Padang Trap 88 204 552 457 498 856 1,183 1,010 1,321 1,605 Yan 751 1,061 3,977 5,284 7,146

Total 33,746 59,403 78,415 115,928 144,057

Note: *from 1947, was divided into two districts: Baling and Sik; ** Kota Star district was also divided into Alor Star and Kota Star. Source: Censuses of Population 1911-1957. 267

Table 4. Chinese dialect groups spatial distribution in Kedah by administrative districts 1957.

District Tiechew Hokkien Khek Cantonese

Alor Star 4,148 10,346 2,593 5,754 Kota Star 6,529 10,412 2,577 2,662 Kabang Pasu 1,385 6,525 1,941 1,019 Padang Terap 123 206 76 62 Yan 1,999 2,823 638 1,219 Kuala Muda 16,910 6,383 4,038 5,148 Sik 150 207 204 206 Baling 2,088 1,264 2,695 2,112 Kulim 6,239 3,754 6,264 3,042 B. Bharu 3,767 819 1,068 919 Langkawi 63 908 33 144

Source: Census of Population 1957.

Table 5. Chinese Population of Kedah by town 1921-1957

Town 1921 1931 1957

Alor Star 5,492 7,740 25,586 Baling 323 549 1,892 Bandar B. 529 649 669 Kara 432 - - 507 - - Gurun 356 778 3,001 270 436 1,073 Kota 539 462 - Kulim 1,931 3,294 10,887 Lunas 1,149 1,259 2,442 399 673 1,978 Sungei Patani 2,485 4,136 13,272 Yan 192 249 351

Source: Censuses of Population 1921-1957.

Table 6. Identifying -Kedah Chinese Community with their home villages

Family* Arrival Home Village

Lim Leng Cheak Baba Sandu, Haichen, Amoy Choong Cheng Kean 1870s Xianglu, Tongan, Amoy Phuah Hin Leong 1860s Huqiu, Anqi, Quanzhou Tan Ah Yu 1880s Xianlin, Tongan, Amoy Chong Sin Yew 1880s Maxian, Tongan, Amoy Lim Boon Har 1883 Longmen, Anqi, Quanzhou Lim Lean Teng 1893 Luyan, Hueilai, Satow

Note: * The second generation are included under the title of these first generation families. 268

Table 7. The Natural and Political Situations For the Rice Trading Policy 1910-1940

Year Cause Policy

Cattle Disease Restriction 1910-1911 Failure Prohibition 1911-1912 War Prohibition 1914-1915 Food Crisis Food Control 1919-1920 Food Crisis Food Control 1920-1921 Drought Restriction 1923-1924 Drought & Pest Restriction 1925-1926 Drought Restriction 1927-1928 Drought Restriction 1929-1930 Flood & Stem rotting Fungi 1936-1937 War Food Control 1939-1940

Source: KAR 1910-1939.

Table 8. Paddy and Rice Export in Kedah 1913-1939

Year Paddy Percentage(%) Rice (ton) Percentage (%)

1913-1914 11,915.3* 2,308.3* 1914-1915 13,290.4 2,171.2 1915-1916 15,968.8 2,854.4 1916-1917 17,156.8 2,672.0 1919-1921 - -

1931-1932 19,204** 42.8 25,662** 57.2 1932-1933 20,627 40.5 30,298 59.5 1933-1934 20,998 44.2 26,553 55.8 1934-1935 23,858 38.9 37,486 61.1 1935-1936 20,027 34.8 37,520 65.2 1936-1937 12,880 26.1 36,451 73.9 1937-1938 9513 24.3 29,625 75.7 1938-1939 15,923 41.0 22,910 59.0

Note: * unit=gantang; ** unit=ton. Source: KAR 1350-1357 (1913-1939). 269

Table 9. The Export Duty of Paddy & Rice in Kedah 1869-1934

Year Rice Paddy Unit Rate: Rice: Paddy

1869-1913 8 4 2:1 1913-1919 10 5 $/K* 2:1

1919-1921 - 100 C/P** . 1923-1927 50 20 2?:1 1927-Dec. 1930 40 20 2:1 Dec.1930- 35 20 1.75:1 Feb.1931 25 20 1.25:1 Feb. 1931-1934 10 10 1:1 1934-

Source: SUK/K Files 1905-1934. Note: * $/K= $:koyan; ** C/P=cent:pikul

Tabl e 10. Rubber Estates in Kedah (1930s)

Community Estate Relongs

European 89 173,546 Chinese 146 55,802 Chetties 39 8,693 North Indians 3 582 12 4,692

Source:SE, 21 May 1936. 270

Table 11. A Select List of Choong Lye Hock's Properties in Kedah and (Prior 31 December 1947) (Prior War Assets)

A. 50% Share with the late Brother Choong Lye Hin

Grant Allot No. Section Locality

SP 61713 1 22 44 Pekan China, Alor Star " 61714 2 22 42 -do- " 61716 4 22 38 -do- " 61718 32 25 103 -do- " 61989 43 30 72 -do- " 61990 44 30 70 -do- "61991 45 30 68 -do- " 62042 4 23 39 -do- " 62043 5 23 37 -do- " 61799 13 25 61 Pekan Melayu, Alor Star " 61951 6 30 59 -do- " 61952 7 30 117 -do- " 62641 41 17 84 -do- " 61721 9 22 2 Jalan P. Lama, Alor Star " 61947 2 30 13 -do- " 61949 4 30 17 -do- " 46321 13 16 48 Jalan Raja, Alor Star " 46322 14 16 46 -do- " 46323 15 16 44 -do- " 46324 16 16 42 -do- " 46325 17 16 2 Jalan Regent, Alor Star " 46326 18 16 4 -do- " 46327 19 16 6 -do- " 46328 20 16 8A -do- " 46329 21 16 SB -do- " 61781 2 20 4 Jalan Raja, Alor Star " 61782 3 20 6 -do- " 61783 4 20 (Vacant Land) " 62979 32 30 96 J.M. Lama Alor Star " 20742 13 2 89 Jalan Langgar, Alor Star " 20743 14 2 87 -do- " 20758 29 2 119 -do- " 13308 P 491 - 20 -do- " 13500 P 422 - - " 11538 P 28 - -

B. Land and Houses in Alor Star

Grant Section Locality

SP 11558 P 51 Sebrang " 68 L 163 74 Pekan Melayu " 332 L 20 32 Pekan China " 442 L 18 28 Pekan China " 441 L 19 30 Pekan China " 356 L 8 8 Pekan China " 360 L 400 Lorong Kechik (Vacant Land) " 361 L 401 -do- 271

C. Padi Land in Kedah & Perlis

Grant Locality State Area R. J. K.

SP 10617 Kedah 19 432 " 10823 " 16401 -do- -do- 36 372 " 11557 Titi Gajah -do- 40 249 " 12319 Sebrang Perak -do- 083 51 " 10106 K. Kechik -do- 14 088 00 " 11183 Sianglang -do- 20 022 00 " 11184 -do- -do- 1 001 00 " 11185 -do- -do- 1 001 00 " 49654 -do- -do- 1 001 00 " 53768 Changkai Kling -do- 4 356 00 " 11553 Station Jeram -do- 3 242 20 " 11554 S. Pangkan Kapal -do- 067 21 " 11556 -do- -do- 063 32 " 11559 -do- -do- 032 32 " 11561 -do- -do- 043 11 " 11549 Sebrang Perak -do- 082 36 " 11560 -do- -do- 1 302 20 " 6273 -do- -do- 031 44 " 9598 Toh Dai -do- 7 137 40 " 9599 -do- -do- 434 40 " ? -do- -do- 410 00 " 14039 Tj. Bayan -do- 41 030 00 " 14046 Klang S. Lurangar -do- 16 134 00 " 24115 Lehar Bayan -do- 10 384 20 SK 7468 Klang S. Lurangar -do- 27 399 00 " 7647 Tutangan A. Pulai -do- 10 077 00 " 9226 Sia Korah -do- 9 000 00 SP Besar 61751 Labar Bulok -do- 10 242 00 K. Sianglang Perlis 102 243 00

Source: Private Documents of the Choong Family.