Annual Report of the Ceylon Petroleum Storage Terminals

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Annual Report of the Ceylon Petroleum Storage Terminals CONTENTS CORPORATE OVERVIEW 01 Vision & Mission 02 About Us 05 Performance Highlights - 2018 06 Year at a glance 08 Awards & Accolades OUR LEADERSHIP 09 Chairman’s Message 11 Managing Director’s Message 13 Board of Directors 16 Management Team MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS 19 Financial Capital 23 Manufactured Capital 28 Human Capital 07 Social & Relationship Capital 35 Natural Capital GOVERNANCE & COMPLIANCE 38 Corporate Governance 46 Risk Management 53 Annual Report of the Board of Directors 55 Report of the Audit & Management Committee FINANCIAL INFORMATION 58 Auditor General’s Reports 64 Statement Of Financial Position 65 Statement Of Comprehensive Income 66 Statement Of Changes In Equity 67 Statement Of Cash Flows 68 Notes To The Financial Statements 92 Detailed Income Statement 93 Five Year Financial Summary Corporate Information VISION TO BE MOST EFFICIENT PETROLEUM TERMINAL OPERATOR IN SOUTH ASIA MISSION TO REMAIN AS THE MOST EFFICIENT TERMINAL OPERATOR IN THE ISLAND, MEETING STAKEHOLDERS EXPECTATIONS AND COMMITTED TO MAKE PERCEIVABLE AND CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, WHILE PRESERVING THE QUALITY AND ENSURING THE EXACT QUANTITY OF THE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BEING DELIVERED TO THE TERMINAL FACILITY USERS/CUSTOMERS, HONOURING THE HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY STANDARDS IN FORCE THROUGH DEDICATED PARTICIPATION OF A LOYAL, CONTENDED AND WELL TRAINED WORKFORCE, GUIDED BY THE FEEDBACK OF THE CUSTOMERS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC. CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 1 ABOUT US Ceylon Petroleum Storage Terminals Limited is a Company duly incorporate under the Companies Act No. 17 of 1982 in terms of Section 2 (1) of the conversion of Public Corporation or Government owned business undertaking into Public Companies Act as Common User Facility (CUF) consisting of Oil terminals, Storage Facilities, Pipeline and the Bowser Fleet, more fully described in the Government Gazette extraordinary bearing No. 1310/8 dated 13th October 2003. We are company engaged in bulk Petroleum Storage and Distribution activities with state-of-the-art infrastructure facilities for management of downstream petroleum product handling in Sri Lanka and continued to consistently enhance our stakeholder value propositions, demonstrating our commitment to support Sri Lanka’s development journey through building a healthy and competitive fuel storage & distribution. The Company is a subsidiary of Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) owning 2/3 of share capital and the balance owning by – Lanka Indian Oil Corporation (LIOC). Ceylon Petroleum Storage Terminals Limited benefits from the parent entity’s almost six-decades of experience and expertise to proposition Sri Lanka’s economic development, driving innovation and ensuring environmental sustainability in the energy sector. We serve around one thousand retail outlets island wide owned by Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and Lanka Indian Oil Company to meet the energy demand of the retail consumers in the country and the large number of bulk consumers in various industrial sectors involved in economic development process. Two main terminals supported by 11 bulk depots which are involved in the storage and distribution Network with around 3000 employees actively participation in various activities of the Company. Main Terminals • Kolonnawa Installation & Muthurajawela Terminal Bulk Depots • Anuradhapura • Badulla • Kotagala • Kurunegala • Batticaloa • Galle • Matara • Peradeniya • Haputale • Kankasanthurai • Sarasavi Uyana CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED 2 ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 Kolonnawa Installation handling 12 petroleum products where as Muthurajawela Terminal handles 5 petroleum products. Distribution function of CPSTL undertake deliveries of petroleum products on behalf of two Marketing Companies CPC and LIOC operating two main terminals at Kolonnawa and Muthurajawela while strengthening the distribution of petroleum products island wide, CPSTL is operating 11 outstation bulk depots and one inland railside depot. Replenishment of Products to these locations and Inland Railside Depot are through rail bogies loaded at Kolonnawa Installation and by road using CPSTL and hired road tankers from main terminals. Aviation fuels is stored at Kolonnawa Installation only and transferred to Banadaranayake International Airport (BIA) at Katunayake on daily basis by railway. Rathmalana and other air fields operated by Sri Lanka Air Force get their requirement by road. Low Sulphur Furnace Oil is stored only at Muthurajawela Terminal and is transferred to only customer which is Kerawalapitiya power plant through a dedicated pipeline. Kolonnawa Installation receives products from Refinery and through imported tankers discharged at Dolphin Pier at Colombo Harbor. Muthurajawela Terminal receives only imported cargo discharged through SPBM located approximately 6 km off Kerawalalpitiya Coast. Business vertical Positioning We are storing variety of petroleum products import & Storage of Automotive Fuels refine around 450,000 MT at Kolonnawa, Muthurajawela and island wide depots. Currently we are distributing 85% of country’s Distribution of Automotive Fuels automotive petroleum products island wide. The leading distribution channel is road tankers which Road Tankers contribute nearly 66% of the transportation of petroleum products island wide. The second leading distribution channel is railway Railway Wagon wagon transport which contribute nearly 17% of the transportation of petroleum products island. The next distribution channel is pipeline transfers which Pipeline is mainly to Kelanitissa & Kerawalapitiya power plants and Refinery at Sapugaskanda. CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 3 KKS Bulk Depot Anuradhapura Bulk Depot Batticaloa Bulk Depot Kurunegala Bulk Depot Muthurajawela Peradeniya Bulk Depot Terminal Sarasavi Uyana Bulk Depot Kolonnawa Installation Kotagala Bulk Depot Badulla Bulk Depot Haputhale Bulk Depot Galle Bulk Depot Matara Bulk Depot CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED 4 ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS 2018 2017 2016 STRATEGIC PRIORITY: FINANCIAL GROWTH Revenue LKR Mn 13,130 14,176 12,663 Operating profit LKR Mn 1,405 3,208 2,406 Profit / (Loss) before tax LKR Mn 1,522 3,273 2,330 Profit / (Loss) after tax LKR Mn 254 2,717 1,949 Return on equity % 1% 11% 9% Financial Stability Total assets LKR Mn 30,322 29,991 28,059 Total liabilities LKR Mn 5,556 4,828 5,208 Shareholders' funds LKR Mn 24,766 25,163 22,851 FINANCIAL CAPITAL Cash and cash equivalent LKR Mn 3,149 1,474 2,455 Shareholder information Earnings per share LKR 0.26 3.73 2.32 Dividends per share (paid) LKR 0.868 0.54 0.65 Net asset value per share LKR 33 33 30 Economic value added LKR Mn 673 1,394 799 STRATEGIC PRIORITY: OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE Property, plant and equipment Terminals & Depots Nos 13 14 14 Capital expenditure LKR 375 833 913 STRATEGIC PRIORITY: INVESTING IN PEOPLE FINANCIAL CAPITAL Total employees Nos 2932 3,045 3,118 Female representation Nos 334 343 351 Payments to employees LKR Mn 6853 5,570 5,782 Employee attrition rate % 6% 1% 1% Investments in training LKR Mn 22 32 30 Total training hours Hours 12609 21,832 26,088 HUMAN CAPITAL Average training hours/employee Hours 7 9 11 Revenue per employee LKR Mn 4.48 4.67 4.06 Net profit (Loss) per employee LKR Mn 0.09 0.9 0.63 Indirect employees (approx.) Nos 63 105 114 Customer touch points Nos 40 40 40 CAPITAL Investment in CSR LKR Mn 2.1 6.1 5.7 No. of beneficiaries (approx.) Nos 8700 8,500 7,000 SOCIAL AND RELATIONSHIP SOCIAL AND RELATIONSHIP Contribution to Government LKR Mn 2579 2,175 1,895 STRATEGIC PRIORITY: SUSTAINABILITY Energy consumption Kwh 3,286,631 2,904,300 2,914,112 Water consumption KL 333 276 270 CAPITAL NATURAL CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 5 YEAR AT A GLANCE REVENUE SALES VOLUME 13 5,277,925 Bn KL PROFIT AFTER TAX 197 Revenue (LKR Mn) Profit After Tax (LKR Mn) Mn 20,000 3,000 2,500 15,000 2,000 10,000 1,500 1,000 5,000 ASSET BASE 500 - - 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 30.3 Bn Sales Volume (kl) Total Assets (LKR Bn) 6,000,000 34 5,000,000 32 4,000,000 30 3,000,000 28 2,000,000 1,000,000 26 - 24 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED 6 ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 Asset Turnover (%) Current Ratio (Times) 80% 8.00 60% 6.00 40% 4.00 20% 2.00 0% - 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Shareholder's Funds(LKR Mn) ROE (%) 12% 30,000 10% 25,000 8% 20,000 6% 15,000 4% 10,000 5,000 2% - 0% 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Gearing Ratio (Times) NAV Per Share (LKR) 0.60 40.00 0.50 0.40 30.00 0.30 20.00 0.20 10.00 0.10 - 0.00 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 7 AWARDS & GLANCE Reaffirming our commitment, we have been recognized - Gold Award of Social Dialogue & workplace Cooperation with several prestigious accolades throughout the year. Awards 2018. CPSTL was awarded with Gold award of Social Dialogue & Workplace Cooperation Awards - National Silver award at CNCI Industrial Excellence under large scale service sector 2018 organised by Awards Ceremony. The Company was awarded the Social Dialogue & workplace Corporation Unit, Human Silver Award in the National Level Government Sector Resource Development Division, Department of Labour. at the “ CNCI Achiever Awards 2018” for the Industrial Excellence organised by the Ceylon National Chamber of Industries. CEYLON PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINALS LIMITED 8 ANNUAL REPORT - 2018 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE “ Total revenue for the year at LKR 13 billion was down by 7% from 2017. Gross profit stood at LKR 5,227 million, a 23% decrease from the previous year. Net profit at LKR 254 million was down 91% from 2017. Even though we were experienced a temporary setback in the year 2018, Our Company declared the highest ever dividend paid so far amounting to LKR 0.80 per share dividend for 2017 and paid in 2018 ” On behalf of the Board of Directors, I am pleased to present resulting from political strife.
Recommended publications
  • Sri Lanka: Energy Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road
    SRI LANKA ENERGY SECTOR ASSESSMENT, STRATEGY, AND ROAD MAP DECEMBER 2019 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SRI LANKA ENERGY SECTOR ASSESSMENT, STRATEGY, AND ROAD MAP DECEMBER 2019 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2019 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2019. ISBN 978-92-9261-888-9 (print), 978-92-9261-889-6 (electronic) Publication Stock No. TCS190557-2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS190557-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
    Ceylon Petroleum Corporation toopeR launnA- 2008 වා৒ක වාතාව - 2009 CONTENTS Description Page Our Vision and Mission 1 Corporate Information 2 Senior Management 3 Directors’ Report 4 - 11 Chairman’s Report 12 - 21 Statement of Value Added 22 Highlights 23 Corporate Governance 24 - 28 Financial Statements 29 Income Statement 30 Balance Sheet 31 Statement of Changes in Equity 32 Cash Flow Statement 33 Significant Accounting Policies 34 - 44 Notes to the Financial Statements 45 - 58 Ten Year Summary 59 - 61 Auditor General’s Report 62 - 87 Glossary of Financial Terms 88 Abbreviations 89 OUR VISION To be the premier customer driven, environmental friendly, enterprise in the petroleum and related industries in the region while contributing towards the prosperity of our nation. OUR MISSION To achieve excellence in petroleum refining, sales and marketing of high quality products through a loyal and efficient dealer network and by providing total solutions and services exceeding customer expectations, while utilizing a high technology base for growth and development of the enterprise by employee participation and innovation and maintaining high ethical norms in all its activities with highest concern for health, safety and environment and meet the expectations of the stakeholders. 1 CORPORATE INFORMATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR Mr. Asantha L.F.De Mel (from 01/01/2008 -28/11/2008) Major General Asoka Thoradeniya, USP (from 01/12/2008) DIRECTORS Mr. Methsiri Wijegunawardana Mr. Saliya Rajakaruna Ms. Kanthi Wijetunge Mr. David Charitha Goonaratne Mr. M.U.M. Ali Sabry (from 01/01/2008 to 04/04/2008) Mr. W.K.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Annual Report 2007
    Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Annual Report 2007 Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Annual Report 2007 This report is published in terms of Section 13 of the Fiscal Management (Responsibility) Act No. 3 of 2003 Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Annual Report 2007 Annual Report 2007 Ministry of Finance and Planning (as at st March, 008) His Excellency the President Mahinda Rajapaksa Minister of Finance and Planning Hon. Ranjith Siyambalapitiya MP Minister of State Revenue and State Finance and Deputy Minister of Finance and Planning PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS P B Jayasundera Secretary, Ministry of Finance and Planning Secretary to the Treasury Deputy Secretaries to the Treasury S Abeysinghe R A Jayatissa R H S Samaratunga L R De Silva Additional Secretary U R Seneviratne Administration U G K Samarasekera - Director General Operations and Review N G Dayaratne - Director General Management Audit Department P. M. P. Fernando - Actg. Director General K. M. Jayatillake - Additional Director General K. Mahalingam - Additional Director General Senior Advisors W D Lakshman - Senior Economic Advisor V Kanagasabapathy - Financial Management R P L Weerasinghe - Taxation Policy Fiscal Management Reform Program Ms. G D C Ekanayake - Project Director Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka Annual Report 2007 Annual Report 2007 Heads of Treasury Departments (as at st March, 008) National Planning Department B Abeygunawardena - Director General H.M.Gunasekera - Additional Director General B.M.S.Batagoda - Chief Executive Officer Project Management Bureau D S Jayaweera - Executive Director National Council for Economic Development External Resources Department Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 ECONOMIC and SOCIAL OVERHEADS
    Chapter 5 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OVERHEADS 5.1 Overview Significant shortcomings in certain key infrastructure could accrue by such changes. The introduction of a services in 2001 imposed a heavy burden on the economy. flexible pricing policy for petroleum products and proposed Power cuts were in force for about half of the year. The reforms to the power, petroleum and postal sectors are terrorist attack on the Katunayake Bandaranayake welcome moves in this direction. International Airport (KIA) and the subsequent increase in Public investment in infrastructure development fell the war risk premium on aircraft passing through KIA short of expectations in 2001, mainly due to budgetary brought the airport operations almost to a standstill on some constraints. Public investment in economic infrastructure fell days. An increase in insurance costs due to a war risk to 3.9 per cent of GDP in 2001 in comparison to the premium, as well as labour disputes, had a serious impact original estimate of 6.0 per cent and 2000 figure of 4.4 per on port operations. The weak railway infrastructure led to cent. Public investments in social infrastructure also fell to a large number of derailments and several fatal accidents 1.0 per cent from 1.3 per cent in 2000. This level of during the year. Moreover, inadequate supply of investment is inadequate when considering the deficient infrastructure services, operational inefficiencies and issues nature of infrastructure facilities in the country. Public relating to areas such as accountability, pricing and investments need to be raised, particularly in areas where overstaffing continued to exist.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Vehicle Fleet
    Public Disclosure Authorized Sustainable Transport Options for Sri Lanka February 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) Contents Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................v Abbreviations and Acronyms ..........................................................................................vii Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................1 E.1 Background and Results ......................................................................................... 1 Approach.............................................................................................................. 3 Air quality trends ................................................................................................... 6 Vehicle fleet.......................................................................................................... 7 Fuel prices............................................................................................................. 8 Emission factors .................................................................................................... 9 Health damages..................................................................................................... 9 Results...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transport Sector
    The Role of Renewables in the Transport Sector 1. Current energy scenario 1.1 Background: Past & present Biofuels have the potential to displace a substantial amount of petroleum around the world over the next few decades. A clear trend in this direction can be seen by the attempts of countries like Brazil, USA, Canada and EU countries to incorporate biofuels into their national energy portfolio. Biofuels for transport include ethanol, bio-diesel and several other liquids and gaseous fuels. With increasingly stringent environmental emission standards coming up, many countries are looking at non – conventional pathways of mitigating pollution. Hence, the increased focus on biofuels. Both developed and non – developed countries have taken a keen interest. Asian countries like India, Malaysia, China and Thailand are today seriously considering the use of biofuels in the transport sector. 1.2 Current levels of energy use/mix for Sri Lanka Figure 1 represents the different types of primary energy sources currently used for catering these needs. It is also noted that more than 35% of the population do not have access to grid electricity and nearly 76% of the households can not afford gas or petroleum for cooking and depend on firewood or other forms of biomass for their daily food preparation. 8.30% 38.80% 52.90% Legend Petroleum Biomass Hydro Figure1: Primary energy sources (% of total) During the last two decades, the capacity of electricity production has rapidly increased (see Figure 2), with the aim of meeting the increasing demand at a rate of about 8% per annum. This is mainly based on hydro and thermal plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Energy Embodied in Cement Produced in Sri Lanka
    LB/ooti/27/o3 ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EMBODIED IN CEMENT PRODUCED IN SRI LANKA A By Dampege Don Ananda Namal This thesis was submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Moratuwa in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Energy Technology. WW TheSis Coll Department of Mechanical Engineering The Faculty of Engineering University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka. 17713 February 2003 University of Moratuwa 77713 77713 t DECLARATION •A I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and behalf, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material, which to substantial extent, has been accepted for the award of any other acedemic qualification of a university or other institute of higher learning except where acknowledgment is made in the text. D D Ananda Namal Abstract Analysis of the embodied energy in cement produced in Sri Lanka was carried out considering national boundaries. National energy input to the cement manufacturing was the main focus of this study and therefore any energy involvement outside Sri Lanka was not taken in to consideration in this analysis. The total embodied energy content was analyzed in three levels. In level 1, direct energy consumption in manufacturing of cement at Puttalam cement factory was analyzed and energy consumption for ancillary inputs was considered in the level 2. Energy consumption for raw material extraction and transportation within the country was analyzed in level 3. The direct delivered energy consumption was assessed by carrying out an energy survey at Puttalam cement factory.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Resources of Sri Lanka 2000
    NATURAL RESOURCES OF SRI LANKA 2000 ^ .i"**. ? -AH. -i^* * _ .J*, ,t^,' JL . ^lic. Natural Resources of Sri Lanka 2000 National Science Foundation 47/5, Maitland Place Colombo 7 Sri Lanka Editorial Board P.G. Cooray (Chairman) B.A. Abeywickrama Mala Amarasinghe K. D. Arulpragasam Priyalal Dias M. Watson L.C.A.de S. Wijesinghe Anusha Amarasinghe (Coordinator) General Editor K. D. Arulpragasam Copy Editors Anusha Amarasinghe Clodagh Nethsinghe Editorial Assistants Anuradha Welagedara Asha Pitadeniya Computer Applications Asha Pitadeniya Lakshitha Samarasi nghe Image Setting Prasanna Weerakkody Cover Design P.A. Miththapala First published 2000 ISBN 955-590-027-2 All Rights Reserved © No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted • in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed and Published by The National Science Foundation 47/5, Maitland Place, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka CONTENTS Foreword v Introduction 1-7 K. D. Arulpragasam Population Profile 9-29 A.T.P.LAbeykoon Economic Conditions and Trends 31 • 50 N.E.H. Sanderdtne Land Resources 53-73 CM. Madduma Bandara Water Resources 75 -109 CM. Madduma Bandara Energy Resources 111 -129 K. K. Y. W. Perera & Priyantha D. C. Wijayatunga Mineral Resources 131 -151 C.B.Dissanayake Forest Resources 153 -165 L C A. de S. Wijesinghe Coastal and Marine Resources K. D. Arulpragasam 167 - 193 Inland Aquatic Resources 195 - 211 J.M.P.K. Jayasinghe 213-248 Water Pollution Azeez M. Mubarak Biological Diversity 251 - 266 LC.A. de S. Wijesinghe Legal Framework for Natural Resource Management 269 - 290 Lalanath de Silva Towards Sustainable Development 293-302 K.D.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Energy Balance
    Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2018 An Analysis of Energy Sector Performance Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority 1st Floor, Block 5, BMICH, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2018 Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority 1st Floor, Block 5, BMICH Bauddalokha Mawatha Colombo 07 Sri Lanka Copyright © by Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority ISSN: ISSN 2386-172X All rights reserved. First Printed in Sri Lanka 1976 Anthropologists of the world agree on one fact, the role played by Fire in the human civilisation. We chose the second element of the five states of existence; Apo, Thejo, Wayo, Patavi and Okasa as understood by the oriental scholars many millennia ago. Thejo, which in old ages simply meant Fire, has now has a bigger meaning encompassing all aspects of energy. Exact day of making a productive use of Fire by human civilisation is often disputed. Some anthropologists suggest that it happened a million years ago in Africa and certain others indicate that frequent use of Fire happened In Israel. Evidence of extensive and repeated use of Fire between 420,000 and 200,000 years ago were found in Qesem Cave a Middle Pleistocene site close to the capital Tel Aviv of Israel. Indications of recrystallisation of wood ash at this site clearly points out to habitual use of Fire for preparation of meats as a primary source of nutrition. It is proposed that the mankind managed to preserve a Fire caused most probably by lightning strikes by propagating flames to dried animal dung or woody biomass for later use. Fire is also symbolic of the darker side of our civilisation, as it is the single most harmful action which has started to cause irreparable damage to the planet earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2018 an Analysis of Energy Sector Performance
    Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2018 An Analysis of Energy Sector Performance Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority 1st Floor, Block 5, BMICH, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Energy Balance 2018 Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority 1st Floor, Block 5, BMICH Bauddalokha Mawatha Colombo 07 Sri Lanka Copyright © by Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority ISSN: ISSN 2386-172X All rights reserved. First Printed in Sri Lanka 1976 Anthropologists of the world agree on one fact, the role played by Fire in the human civilisation. We chose the second element of the five states of existence; Apo, Thejo, Wayo, Patavi and Okasa as understood by the oriental scholars many millennia ago. Thejo, which in old ages simply meant Fire, has now has a bigger meaning encompassing all aspects of energy. Exact day of making a productive use of Fire by human civilisation is often disputed. Some anthropologists suggest that it happened a million years ago in Africa and certain others indicate that frequent use of Fire happened In Israel. Evidence of extensive and repeated use of Fire between 420,000 and 200,000 years ago were found in Qesem Cave a Middle Pleistocene site close to the capital Tel Aviv of Israel. Indications of recrystallisation of wood ash at this site clearly points out to habitual use of Fire for preparation of meats as a primary source of nutrition. It is proposed that the mankind managed to preserve a Fire caused most probably by lightning strikes by propagating flames to dried animal dung or woody biomass for later use. Fire is also symbolic of the darker side of our civilisation, as it is the single most harmful action which has started to cause irreparable damage to the planet earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Environmental Impact Assessment
    SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AES KELANITISSA POWER PLANT (163 MW) IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA August 2000 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CCGT – Combined Cycle Gas Turbine CEA – Central Environmental Authority CEB – Ceylon Electricity Board EIA – environmental impact assessment EPC – Engineering Procurement and Construction Contract OECF – Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund of Japan SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment TSP – total suspended particulate WEIGHTS AND MEASURES °C – centigrade dB – decibel g – gram km – kilometer kV – kilovolt m – meter m3 – cubic meter mg/Mj – milligram per mega joule MW – megawatts NOx – nitrogen oxide sec – second SO2 – sulfur dioxide µg/scm – microgram per standard cubic meter NOTE In this report, "$" refers to the US dollar and rupees to the Sri Lanka rupees. I. INTRODUCTION 1. A 163 megawatt (MW) auto diesel fired combined cycle gas turbine power plant (the Project) is proposed at the existing power plant site at Kelanitissa, Colombo, Sri Lanka. The Project is a private sector project sponsored by AES Kelanitissa (Private) Limited. Environmental Resources Management of the United Kingdom completed the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the Project in August 1999. The Ministry of Irrigation and Power upon recommendation of the Technical Evaluation Committee and with the concurrence of the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), issued the environmental approval for the project on 4 November 1999. The Technical Evaluation Committee consists of experts from the CEA, the Ministry of Irrigation and Power, Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB), Irrigation Department, National Water Supply and Drainage Board, National Building Research Organization, and academe. Based on the comments and recommendations included in the environmental approval, the EIA was updated by Environmental Resources Management and the updated report was completed on 18 July 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri-Lanka-Energy-Infrastructure-Sector-Assessment-Program-Executive-Summary.Pdf
    Report No: AUS0000803 . Public Disclosure Authorized Sri Lanka Energy InfraSAP Final Report . Public Disclosure Authorized April 30, 2019 . EAE . Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2017 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank, the Directors of the IFC, or the governments they represent. The World Bank and IFC do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank or IFC concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank and International Finance Corporation 2019. Sri Lanka Energy InfraSAP © World Bank.” All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. Table of Contents List of Figures ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]