Democrats Seek to Convert Activism Into a Movement
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ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Unicameralism in Denmark: Abolition of the Senate, Current Functioning
16 Unicameralism in Denmark Abolition of the Senate, current functioning and debate Asbjørn Skjæveland Introduction The Danish Senate, the Landsting, not only experienced a crisis but was also abolished. This paper investigates the abolition of the Landsting and the introduc tion of unicameralism (Arter 1991; Eigaard 1993; Thorsen s.d.). Furthermore, it investigates how well Danish unicameral democracy is working, and it pre sents the current low-intensity debate on the possible introduction of an additional chamber. This chapter shows that while redundancy, which is due in part to the development of the composition of the Landsting, did play a role in its abolition, so did party tactics and even the entanglement with the matters of voting age and royal succession. Thus, the full explanation for the introduction of unicameralism cannot be found in the category of rational, national-level explanations. Yet Dan ish democracy is doing fine. Danish voters are satisfied and the overall diagnoses of political scientists are generally positive. Clearly, not all democracies need a senate to do well. Only rarely is a new senate proposed as a solution to problems identified by observers and actors. Per Stig Møller (former minister and MP for the conservatives [Det Konservative Folkeparti]) is an exception to the rule. He suggests that it would be a good idea to reintroduce something resembling the Landsting (Møller & Jensen 2010). Still, Danish democracy is not perfect, and in a recent book it has been suggested that it could be improved by introducing an additional chamber elected by lottery (Mulvad, Larsen & Ellersgaard 2017) to improve the descriptive representation of the Danish Parliament, since the new chamber would mirror the composition of the Danish voters in terms of descrip tors, such as gender and education. -
PAPPA – Parties and Policies in Parliaments
PAPPA Parties and Policies in Parliament Version 1.0 (August 2004) Data description Martin Ejnar Hansen, Robert Klemmensen and Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard Political Science Publications No. 3/2004 Name: PAPPA: Parties and Policies in Parliaments, version 1.0 (August 2004) Authors: Martin Ejnar Hansen, Robert Klemmensen & Peter Kurrild- Klitgaard. Contents: All legislation passed in the Danish Folketing, 1945-2003. Availability: The dataset is at present not generally available to the public. Academics should please contact one of the authors with a request for data stating purpose and scope; it will then be determined whether or not the data can be released at present, or the requested results will be provided. Data will be made available on a website and through Dansk Data Arkiv (DDA) when the authors have finished their work with the data. Citation: Hansen, Martin Ejnar, Robert Klemmensen and Peter Kurrild- Klitgaard (2004): PAPPA: Parties and Policies in Parliaments, version 1.0, Odense: Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark. Variables The total number of variables in the dataset is 186. The following variables have all been coded on the basis of the Folketingets Årbog (the parliamentary hansard) and (to a smaller degree) the parliamentary website (www.ft.dk): nr The number given in the parliamentary hansard (Folketingets Årbog), or (in recent years) the law number. sam The legislative session. eu Whether or not the particular piece of legislation was EU/EEC initiated. change Whether or not the particular piece of legislation was a change of already existing legislation. vedt Whether the particular piece of legislation was passed or not. -
The Sørmarka Declaration We Build the Nordics
THE SØRMARKA DECLARATION WE BUILD THE NORDICS SAMAK WE BUILD THE NORDICS INTRODUCTION 3 SOLIDARITY CREATES FREEDOM 4 POLITICAL CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES TOWARDS 2030 8 POLITICAL CAPACITY AND LEADERSHIP 35 A GREENER LABOUR MOVEMENT 37 This political declaration was adopted by the congress held by the co-operation committee of the Nordic Social Democratic parties and trade union LOs – SAMAK – 12 November 2014 at Sørmarka, outside Oslo, Norway. The declaration is based on a unique research project for the future of the Nordic model, NordMod2030. The first Workers’ Congress was held in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1886. SAMAK member organizations: The Social Democratic Party, Sweden LO, Sweden The Labour Party, Norway LO, Norway The Social Democratic Party of Finland SAK/FFC, Finland The Social Democrats, Denmark LO, Denmark The Social Democratic Alliance Samfylkingin, Iceland ASI, Iceland Føroya Javnadarflokkurin, The Faroe Islands Siumut, Greenland Åland Social Democrats 2 INTRODUCTION It is time to look ahead. During the last century, the Social Democrats, together with the trade union movements, were the first to introduce radical social developments in the Nordic countries, which made it possible to achieve living conditions at a level previously unknown in the history of humanity. There is still, however, so much to be achieved. The various challenges of the twenty-first century are easily identified but difficult to overcome. The threat of climate change, for example, an ageing population and ever-increasing competition are no longer future threats - they are with us now. I am firmly convinced, however, that the broad based labour movement, with its values and its approach to difficulties, has the necessary tools to convert these challenges into opportunities. -
Factsheet: the Danish Folketinget
Directorate-General for the Presidency Directorate for Relations with National Parliaments Factsheet: The Danish Folketinget 1. At a glance Denmark is a Constitutional Monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The Folketinget is a unicameral Parliament composed of 179 Members. The two self-governing regions, Greenland and the Faeroe Islands, each elect two Members. Of the other 175 Members, 135 are elected from ten multi-Member constituencies on a party list, proportional representation system using the d'Hondt method. The remaining 40 seats are allocated to ensure proportionality at a national level. Elections of the Folketinget must take place every four years, unless the Monarch, on the advice of the Prime Minister, calls for early elections. The general election on 5 June 2019 gave the "Red Bloc" a parliamentary majority in support of Social Democrats leader Mette Frederiksen as Prime Minister. The coalition comprises the Social Democrats, the Social Liberals, Socialist People's Party, the Red– Green Alliance, the Faroese Social Democratic Party and the Greenlandic Siumut, and won 93 of the 179 seats. The Government, announced on 27 June, is a single-party government. 2. Composition Results of the Folketinget elections on 5 June 2019 Party EP affiliation % Seats Socialdemokraterne (Social Democrats) 25,9% 48 Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti) (V) (Liberals) 23,45% 43 Dansk Folkeparti (DF) (Danish People's Party) 8,7% 16 Det Radikale Venstre (Danish Social Liberal Party) 8,6% 16 Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF) (Socialist People's Party) 7,7% 14 Red-Green Alliance (Enhedslisten) 13 6,9% Det Konservative Folkeparti (Conservative People's Party) 6,6% 12 The Alternative (Alternativet) 3% 5 The New Right (Nye Borgerlige) 2,4% 4 Liberal Alliance (Liberal Alliance) 2,3% 4 Others <1 % 0 Faroe Islands Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) 28,8% 1 Javnaðarflokkurin (Social Democratic Party) 25,5% 1 Greenland Inuit Ataqatigiit (Inuit Community) 33,4% 1 Siumut 29,4% 1 Forward 179 Turnout: 84.6% 3. -
Challenger Party List
Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against -
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark GUIDE TO THE DANISH ELECTORAL SYSTEM 00 Contents 1 Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1. The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark ..................................................................................................4 1.1. Electoral Districts and Local Distribution of Seats ......................................................................................................4 1.2. The Electoral System Step by Step ..................................................................................................................................6 1.2.1. Step One: Allocating Constituency Seats ......................................................................................................................6 1.2.2. Step Two: Determining of Passing the Threshold .......................................................................................................7 1.2.3. Step Three: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Parties ...........................................................................................7 1.2.4. Step Four: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Provinces .........................................................................................8 1.2.5. Step Five: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Constituencies ...............................................................................8 -
As Always Turnout Was High in Denmark: 84.50% Severely Regarding Migrants, but Also Regarding Danes I.E
GENERAL ELECTION IN DENMARK 5th June 2019 European The left-wing forces ahead Elections monitor in the general elections in Denmark Corinne Deloy The Social Democratic Party (SD) came out ahead in the general elections that took place on 5th June in Denmark. Led by Mette Frederiksen it won 25.9% of the vote, taking 48 seats in the Folketing, the single house of the Parliament, i.e. one more than in the previous Results elections on 18th June 2015. The People’s Socialist Party (SF), led by Pia Olsen Dyhr party led by Kristian Thulesen Dahl suffered a serious won 7.7% of the vote and doubled its number of seats defeat winning 8.7% of the vote, i.e. its weakest result rising from 7 to 14. Undeniably it benefited from the since the general elections in 1998. It lost more than present situation, i.e. the European elections that help half of its seats, dropping to 16 (-21). It is true that to push global warming to the heart of public debate. its defeat in the ballot box should be relativized since This issue supplanted the others over the last days of the populists have succeeded in influencing national the electoral campaign. “It seems that the Danes voted political life. The issue of immigration has been central to in support of hope, the climate, children and the future,” political debate for many years and as time has gone by declared the party chair. all governments have introduced increasingly restrictive measures. According to the Interior Ministry 114 of these The Social Liberal Party (RV), led by Morten Ostergaard measures to make access to Denmark more difficult for doubled also its number of seats: 8.6% of the vote and migrants were taken in the last legislature. -
Greenland in Figures 2016 13Th Revised Edition · Editorial Deadline: February 2016 Published by Statistics Greenland Tel
Greenland in Figures 2016 Index Greenland · Kalaallit Nunaat 3 Key Figures 5 Population 9 Fishing and Hunting 13 Labour Market 16 Income and Prices 17 Economy 19 Foreign Trade 20 Business 21 Transportation 22 Energy 24 Education and Culture 25 Tourism 27 Health 28 Social Welfare 31 Raw Materials 32 Climate 33 Political Parties in Greenland 35 More Information about Greenland 38 The Largest Island of the World 40 3 Greenland · Kalaallit Nunaat Indigenous people from the North American continent settled in Greenland over 4,500 years ago Since then Greenland has been in- habited by several indigenous peoples Around 1,000 years ago Greenlandic ancestors (the Thule Culture) settled in northern Green- land, whereas Scandinavian Viking settlers arrived in the southern Greenland around the same time Today the country is called Kalaallit Nunaat, which means “the Country of the Greenlanders” Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark that consists of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland However, Greenland is not part of the EU as it withdrew from the union as February 1 1985 fol- lowing a referendum in 1982 Greenland has its own national flag, issues its own stamps, and is part of the Danish monetary and exchange union In 1979, Greenland was granted home rule In June 2009, a bill on self-government was passed following a referendum on the question on November 25 2008 Self-government was established on June 21 2009, 30 years after the introduction of the home rule 4 Qaanaaq Pituffik/Thule National Park Qaasuitsup Kommunia Upernavik Uummannaq -
Boosted by Electoral Success, the Danish People's Party Has Adopted
Boosted by electoral success, the Danish People’s Party has adopted a more pragmatic line ahead of next year’s general election in Denmark blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2014/11/13/boosted-by-electoral-success-the-danish-peoples-party-has-adopted-a- more-pragmatic-line-ahead-of-next-years-general-election-in-denmark/ 13/11/2014 Since it was founded in 1995, the Eurosceptic Danish People’s Party (DPP) has steadily increased its support to become one of Denmark’s largest parties. Susi Meret and Ole Borre assess how the party is positioning itself ahead of the next Danish general election in 2015. They write that having topped the vote in the country’s European Parliament elections in May, the DPP is now pursuing a more pragmatic approach with the aim of effectively ‘normalising’ the party in the eyes of the Danish electorate. While the rise of UKIP in the United Kingdom and the Front National in France have made headlines across Europe, in Denmark the Eurosceptic Danish People’s Party (DPP) has also enjoyed a year of electoral success. The European Parliament elections in May gave the party 26.6 per cent of the vote, far more than the Social Democrats (19.1 per cent) and Venstre (the Agrarian Liberals – 16.7 per cent), the two main leading parties in Danish politics since the turn of the century. The DPP also robustly increased their vote share from that achieved at the previous four general elections held since 2000, where the party polled between 12 and 15 per cent (12.3 per cent at the last 2011 election) and at the 2009 EP election, where the party got 8.5 per cent. -
The Social Democratic Left, Favourite in the General Elections In
GENERAL ELECTIONS IN DENMARK 05th June 2019 European The Social Democratic Left, Elections monitor favourite in the general elections in Denmark Corinne Deloy The electoral campaign started on 7th May in Denmark when Prime Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen -Liberal Party V – announced that the next general elections would take place on 5th June, Constitution Day (Grundlovsdag), which is a bank holiday. When the election date Analysis was announced the main leader of the opposition, the Social Democratic Party (SD), Mette Frederiksen was taken into hospital, and so she was unable to take par tin the TV electoral debate, which brought the leaders of each political party together. She was replaced by Nicolai Wammen (SD), and returned to office three days later on 10th May. Health issues, retirement pensions and global warming are the main themes in this electoral campaign. Denmark has been governed by the right-wing since 10.6%. The Red/Green Alliance is due to come fourth the general elections on 18th June 2015. Lars Lokke with 9.5% of the vote, followed by the Social Liberal Rasmussen first led a government that comprised people Party (RV) with 7.8% of the vote the People’s Socialist from his party only. On 28th November 2016 he formed (SF) 7.10%, and the People’s Conservative Party, 3.5%. a coalition with Anders Samuelsen’s Liberal Alliance (LA) The Red Bloc, which rallies the left-wing, is due to win and Soren Pape Poulsen’s People’s Conservative Party 54.5% of the vote and the blue bloc, which rallies the (KF). -
Experiences from Denmark
NATIONAL FOCUS 113 Experiences from Denmark Britta Thomsen Since June 2019, Denmark has had a minority Social Democratic government, after almost 20 years of liberal/conservative governments that were supported by the nationalistic Danish People’s Party. The only interruption during those 20 years was a Social Democratic coalition government from 2011 to 2015. This article gives a short presentation of the historic back- ground of the Nordic welfare state since 1960 and the politics that are the precursors of the new ideas of the Danish Social Democratic Party, the current government, and the party leader Mette Frederiksen. The Covid-19 crisis has affected the political environment in Denmark like in other countries and this article explains some of the initiatives that were taken. It is clear that the Danish welfare state played a key role in managing the Covid-19 crisis in Denmark. This article also explains how Danish EU politics have developed and why the Danish trade unions and most political parties are fi ghting so strongly against the EU directive to establish a minimum wage. Finally, some lessons from the Danish example will be drawn. Historical background The Nordic Social Democratic parties’ visions for the welfare state became a reality during the golden age of the post-war western economies in the 1960s. In 1960, the Danish Social Democratic Party won a landslide victory with 42 per cent of the votes under the slogan ‘Make good times better’. It was its best result ever in the post-war era. Contrary to Sweden, Den- mark has always had several strong parties and the Social Democratic Party never had an ab- solute majority.