Extracellular Vesicles and the Oviduct Function
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Oogenesis and Mode of Reproduction in the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines1)
OOGENESIS AND MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE, HETERODERA GLYCINES1) BY A. C. TRIANTAPHYLLOU and HEDWIG HIRSCHMANN Departments of Genetics and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A. Oögenesis and mode of reproduction were studied in four populations of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Oögonial divisions occurred before and during the fourth molt. Maturation of oöcytes proceeded only in inseminated females and was normal, consisting of two meiotic divisions and the formation of two polar nuclei. Nine bivalents were present at metaphase I in all populations. Sperm entered the oöcytes at late prophase or early metaphase I. Following the second maturation division, sperm and egg pronuclei fused to form the zygote nucleus. Six females obtained from 200 larval inoculations of soybean seedlings failed to produce embryonated eggs and showed marked retardation in growth. In conclusion, H. glycines has a normal meiotic cycle and reproduces by cross fertilization. "Prior to 1940, there was a strong tendency to refer all of the cyst-forming nematodes to a single species, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt ..." (Taylor, 1957 ) . Infraspecific categories identified on the basis of host preferences were later distinguished by slight morphological differences and were described as separate species. Although as many as fifteen or sixteen species have been recognized, the taxonomic situation is far from satisfactory. The specific rank of some species is questionable, whereas other species contain forms which may well deserve specific rank. Cytological and, furthermore, cytogenetical studies may elucidate the evolutionary relationships among the various Heterodera species. Information on various aspects of oogenesis of six Heterodera species is already available (Mulvey, 1957, 1958, 1960; Riley & Chapman, 1957; Cotten, 1960). -
Evaluating and Treating the Reproductive System
18_Reproductive.qxd 8/23/2005 11:44 AM Page 519 CHAPTER 18 Evaluating and Treating the Reproductive System HEATHER L. BOWLES, DVM, D ipl ABVP-A vian , Certified in Veterinary Acupuncture (C hi Institute ) Reproductive Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology FORMATION OF THE AVIAN GONADS AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY The avian gonads arise from more than one embryonic source. The medulla or core arises from the meso- nephric ducts. The outer cortex arises from a thickening of peritoneum along the root of the dorsal mesentery within the primitive gonadal ridge. Mesodermal germ cells that arise from yolk-sac endoderm migrate into this gonadal ridge, forming the ovary. The cells are initially distributed equally to both sides. In the hen, these germ cells are then preferentially distributed to the left side, and migrate from the right to the left side as well.58 Some avian species do in fact have 2 ovaries, including the brown kiwi and several raptor species. Sexual differ- entiation begins by day 5 in passerines and domestic fowl and by day 11 in raptor species. Differentiation of the ovary is characterized by development of the cortex, while the medulla develops into the testis.30,58 As the embryo develops, the germ cells undergo three phases of oogenesis. During the first phase, the oogonia actively divide for a defined time period and then stop at the first prophase of the first maturation division. During the second phase, the germ cells grow in size to become primary oocytes. This occurs approximately at the time of hatch in domestic fowl. During the third phase, oocytes complete the first maturation division to 18_Reproductive.qxd 8/23/2005 11:44 AM Page 520 520 Clinical Avian Medicine - Volume II become secondary oocytes. -
Sperm Storage in the Oviduct of the American Alligator DANIEL H
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 309A:581–587 (2008) Sperm Storage in the Oviduct of the American Alligator DANIEL H. GIST1Ã, APRIL BAGWILL2, VALENTINE LANCE3, 2 4 DAVID M. SEVER , AND RUTH M. ELSEY 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 2Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 3San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, California 4Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana ABSTRACT Oviducts of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) were examined histologically for the presence of stored sperm. Two regions containing sperm were identified, one at the junction of the posterior uterus and the vagina (UVJ) and the other at the junction of the tube and isthmus (TIJ). In these areas, sperm were found in the lumina of oviductal glands. The glands in these areas of the oviduct are diffuse and shallow and appear to allow better access to sperm than glands located elsewhere. Histochemically, the glands of the UVJ reacted weakly for carbohydrates and proteins, whereas those of the TIJ reacted strongly for these same two components, secretions of which are associated with sperm storage structures in other reptiles. Sperm were not in contact with the glandular epithelium, and glands at the UVJ contained more sperm than those at the TIJ. Oviductal sperm storage was observed not only in recently mated females but in all females possessing uterine eggs as well as all females known to be associated with a nest. We conclude that female alligators are capable of storing sperm in their oviductal glands, but not from one year to the next. -
Study on the Ovary, Oviduct And
T it le of the paper : STUDY ON THE OVARY, OVIDUCT AND UTERUS OF THE EWE. By: ROBERT HADEK, Dr.Med.Vet.-, Vienna. From: The Department of Veterinary Histology and Embryology of The University of Glasgow Veterinary School. Submitted as Thesis for the Degree of Bi.D. in the Faculty of Medicine. ProQuest Number: 13838881 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13838881 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 I A4 Contents V ol. I . Introduction Page 1 L iterature 1 M aterial & Methods Anatomical observations and measurements 5 H isto lo g ic a l and histochem ical technique 6 The breeding season and the sexual cy cle in the ewe 10 The ovary Gross Anatomy 11 H istology 12 Oogenesis and follicular development 14 The growth of the follicle and ovum 19 Multinuclear ova, polyovular follicles and accessory oocytes 20 Follicular degeneration and atresia 22 The rupture of the follicle 23 The corpus luteum 24 Histochemical reactions in the ovary 30 Histochemical reactions in the follicle -
Improvement of Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Release E Ciency By
Improvement of stem cell-derived exosome release eciency by surface modied nanoparticles Dong Jun Park Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wan Su Yun Yonsei University - Wonju Campus Woo Cheol Kim Yonsei University - Wonju Campus Jeong-Eun Park Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Su Hoon Lee Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Sunmok Ha Yonsei University College of Health Sciences Jin Sil Choi Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Jaehong Key Yonsei University - Wonju Campus YoungJoon Seo ( [email protected] ) Yonsei University - Wonju Campus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-4676 Research Keywords: Autophagy, Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome, Positively charged nanoparticle, PLGA- PEI NPs, Rab7 Posted Date: November 5th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-42143/v3 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on December 7th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00739-7. Page 1/28 Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stromal cells that release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain various growth factors and antioxidants that can positively affect the surrounding cells. Nanoscale MSC-derived EVs, such as exosomes, have been developed as bio-stable nano-type materials. However, some issues, such as low yield and diculty in quantication, limit their use. We hypothesized that enhancing exosome production using nanoparticles would stimulate the release of intracellular molecules. Results: The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of exosome generation by comparing the internalization of surface-modied, positively charged nanoparticles and exosome generation from MSCs. -
Switch from Translation Initiation to Elongation Needs Not4 and Not5 Collaboration
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/850859; this version posted November 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Switch from translation initiation to elongation needs Not4 and Not5 collaboration George E Allen1°, Olesya O Panasenko1°, Zoltan Villanyi1,&, Marina Zagatti1, Benjamin Weiss1, 2 2 1* 5 Christine Polte , Zoya Ignatova , Martine A Collart 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Genomics Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany °Equally contributing first authors 10 *Correspondence to: [email protected] &Current Address: Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged Abstract: Not4 and Not5 are crucial components of the Ccr4-Not complex with pivotal functions in mRNA metabolism. Both associate with ribosomes but mechanistic insights on their 15 function remain elusive. Here we determine that Not5 and Not4 synchronously impact translation initiation and Not5 alone alters translation elongation. Deletion of Not5 causes elongation defects in a codon-dependent fashion, increasing and decreasing the ribosome dwelling occupancy at minor and major codons, respectively. This larger difference in codons’ translation velocities alters translation globally and enables kinetically unfavorable processes 20 such as nascent chain deubiquitination to take place. In turn, this leads to abortive translation and favors protein aggregation. These findings highlight the global impact of Not4 and Not5 in controlling the speed of mRNA translation and transition from initiation to elongation. Summary: Not4 and Not5 regulate translation synchronously but distinguishably, facilitating 25 smooth transition from initiation to elongation Results and discussion The Ccr4-Not complex is a global regulator of mRNA metabolism in eukaryotic cells (for review see (1)). -
Structural and Functional Characterization of Buffalo Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein (OVGP1) Expressed During Estrous Cycle
Bioscience Reports (2019) 39 BSR20191501 https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20191501 Research Article Structural and functional characterization of buffalo oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) expressed during estrous cycle Suman Choudhary1, Jagadeesh Janjanam2, Sudarshan Kumar1, Jai K. Kaushik1 and Ashok K. Mohanty1 Downloaded from http://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article-pdf/39/12/BSR20191501/862649/bsr-2019-1501.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 1Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India; 2Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, U.S.A. Correspondence: Ashok K. Mohanty ([email protected]) Oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) is a high molecular weight chitinase-like protein belonging to GH18 family. It is secreted by non-ciliated epithelial cells of oviduct during estrous cycle providing an essential milieu for fertilization and embryo development. The present study reports the characterization of buffalo OVGP1 through structural modeling, carbohydrate-binding properties and evolutionary analysis. Structural model displayed the typical fold of GH18 family members till the boundary of chitinase-like domain further con- sisting of a large (β/α)8 TIM barrel sub-domain and a small (α+β) sub-domain. Two criti- cal catalytic residues were found substituted in the catalytic centre (Asp to Phe118, Glu to Leu120) compared with the active chitinase. The carbohydrate-binding groove in TIM bar- rel was lined with various conserved aromatic residues. Molecular docking with different sugars revealed the involvement of various residues in hydrogen-bonding and non-bonded contacts. Most of the substrate-binding residues were conserved except for a few replace- ments (Ser13, Lys48, Asp49, Pro50, Asp167, Glu199, Gln272 and Phe275) in compari- son with other GH18 members. -
ASC-201: Avian Female Reproductive System
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT, LEXINGTON, KY, 40546 ASC-201 Avian Female Reproductive System Jacquie Jacob and Tony Pescatore, Animal Sciences nyone raising poultry for While mammals typically give Although the embryo has two ova- eggs, whether for eating or birth to their offpsring, the off- ries and oviducts, only the left pair forA incubation, should have an spring of birds develop outside (i.e., ovary and oviduct) develops. understanding of the reproduc- the body of the parents—in eggs. The right typically regresses during tive system. This will help them When carried in the womb, mam- development and is non-functional understand any problems that may malian embryos receive their daily in the adult bird. There have been occur and how to correct them. requirement for nutrients directly cases, however, where the left ova- The avian reproductive system is from their mother via the placenta. ry and oviduct have been damaged different from that of mammals. For birds, however, all the nutri- and the right one has developed to Nature has designed it to better ents that will be needed for the replace it. suit the risks associated with being embryo to fully develop must be Theovary is a cluster of devel- a bird. Unless you are a bird of prey provided in the egg before it is laid. oping yolks or ova and is located (a hawk, eagle or falcon), you are The female reproductive system midway between the neck and the faced with the fact that everyone is of the chicken is shown in Figure tail of the bird, attached to the trying to eat you. -
Human Lectins, Their Carbohydrate Affinities and Where to Find Them
biomolecules Review Human Lectins, Their Carbohydrate Affinities and Where to Review HumanFind Them Lectins, Their Carbohydrate Affinities and Where to FindCláudia ThemD. Raposo 1,*, André B. Canelas 2 and M. Teresa Barros 1 1, 2 1 Cláudia D. Raposo * , Andr1 é LAQVB. Canelas‐Requimte,and Department M. Teresa of Chemistry, Barros NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829‐516 Caparica, Portugal; [email protected] 12 GlanbiaLAQV-Requimte,‐AgriChemWhey, Department Lisheen of Chemistry, Mine, Killoran, NOVA Moyne, School E41 of ScienceR622 Co. and Tipperary, Technology, Ireland; canelas‐ [email protected] NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; [email protected] 2* Correspondence:Glanbia-AgriChemWhey, [email protected]; Lisheen Mine, Tel.: Killoran, +351‐212948550 Moyne, E41 R622 Tipperary, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-212948550 Abstract: Lectins are a class of proteins responsible for several biological roles such as cell‐cell in‐ Abstract:teractions,Lectins signaling are pathways, a class of and proteins several responsible innate immune for several responses biological against roles pathogens. such as Since cell-cell lec‐ interactions,tins are able signalingto bind to pathways, carbohydrates, and several they can innate be a immuneviable target responses for targeted against drug pathogens. delivery Since sys‐ lectinstems. In are fact, able several to bind lectins to carbohydrates, were approved they by canFood be and a viable Drug targetAdministration for targeted for drugthat purpose. delivery systems.Information In fact, about several specific lectins carbohydrate were approved recognition by Food by andlectin Drug receptors Administration was gathered for that herein, purpose. plus Informationthe specific organs about specific where those carbohydrate lectins can recognition be found by within lectin the receptors human was body. -
Potential Genotoxicity from Integration Sites in CLAD Dogs Treated Successfully with Gammaretroviral Vector-Mediated Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy (2008) 15, 1067–1071 & 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0969-7128/08 $30.00 www.nature.com/gt SHORT COMMUNICATION Potential genotoxicity from integration sites in CLAD dogs treated successfully with gammaretroviral vector-mediated gene therapy M Hai1,3, RL Adler1,3, TR Bauer Jr1,3, LM Tuschong1, Y-C Gu1,XWu2 and DD Hickstein1 1Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA and 2Laboratory of Molecular Technology, Scientific Applications International Corporation-Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA Integration site analysis was performed on six dogs with in hematopoietic stem cells. Integrations clustered around canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) that survived common insertion sites more frequently than random. greater than 1 year after infusion of autologous CD34+ bone Despite potential genotoxicity from RIS, to date there has marrow cells transduced with a gammaretroviral vector been no progression to oligoclonal hematopoiesis and no expressing canine CD18. A total of 387 retroviral insertion evidence that vector integration sites influenced cell survival sites (RIS) were identified in the peripheral blood leukocytes or proliferation. Continued follow-up in disease-specific from the six dogs at 1 year postinfusion. A total of 129 RIS animal models such as CLAD will be required to provide an were identified in CD3+ T-lymphocytes and 102 RIS in accurate estimate -
Proteomic Analysis of Exosome-Like Vesicles Derived from Breast Cancer Cells
ANTICANCER RESEARCH 32: 847-860 (2012) Proteomic Analysis of Exosome-like Vesicles Derived from Breast Cancer Cells GEMMA PALAZZOLO1, NADIA NINFA ALBANESE2,3, GIANLUCA DI CARA3, DANIEL GYGAX4, MARIA LETIZIA VITTORELLI3 and IDA PUCCI-MINAFRA3 1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; 2Department of Physics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 3Centro di Oncobiologia Sperimentale (C.OB.S.), Oncology Department La Maddalena, Palermo, Italy; 4Institute of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland Abstract. Background/Aim: The phenomenon of membrane that vesicle production allows neoplastic cells to exert different vesicle-release by neoplastic cells is a growing field of interest effects, according to the possible acceptor targets. For instance, in cancer research, due to their potential role in carrying a vesicles could potentiate the malignant properties of adjacent large array of tumor antigens when secreted into the neoplastic cells or activate non-tumoral cells. Moreover, vesicles extracellular medium. In particular, experimental evidence show could convey signals to immune cells and surrounding stroma that at least some of the tumor markers detected in the blood cells. The present study may significantly contribute to the circulation of mammary carcinoma patients are carried by knowledge of the vesiculation phenomenon, which is a critical membrane-bound vesicles. Thus, biomarker research in breast device for trans cellular communication in cancer. cancer can gain great benefits from vesicle characterization. Materials and Methods: Conditioned medium was collected The phenomenon of membrane release in the extracellular from serum starved MDA-MB-231 sub-confluent cell cultures medium has long been known and was firstly described by and exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) were isolated by Paul H. -
Anti-ATP1A4 / Na+ K+ Atpase Alpha 4 Antibody (ARG58367)
Product datasheet [email protected] ARG58367 Package: 100 μl anti-ATP1A4 / Na+ K+ ATPase alpha 4 antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes ATP1A4 / Na+ K+ ATPase alpha 4 Tested Reactivity Ms, Rat Tested Application WB Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name ATP1A4 / Na+ K+ ATPase alpha 4 Antigen Species Human Immunogen Recombinant fusion protein corresponding to aa. 1-90 of Human ATP1A4 (NP_653300.2). Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names Sodium pump subunit alpha-4; Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4; ATP1AL2; EC 3.6.3.9; ATP1A1; Na+ K+ ATPase alpha 4; Na K ATPase alpha 4; sodium potassium ATPase alpha 4; ATPase Na+ K+ alpha 4; ATPase Na K alpha 4; ATPase sodium potassium alpha 4 Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution WB 1:500 - 1:2000 Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Positive Control Mouse testis Calculated Mw 114 kDa Observed Size 100 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Affinity purified. Buffer PBS (pH 7.3), 0.02% Sodium azide and 50% Glycerol. Preservative 0.02% Sodium azide Stabilizer 50% Glycerol Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use. www.arigobio.com 1/2 Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use.