Non-discriminatory hiring practices in Israel towards Arab Citizens, Ethiopian Israelis and new immigrants from Bukhara and the Caucasus Noga Dagan-Buzaglo (Attorney, MA Sociology) November 2008 מרכז אדוה ד.ת, . 36529 , -תל אביב 61364 , .טל 03-5608871 , פקס . 03-5602205 Adva Center, POB 36529, Tel Aviv 61364, Tel. 03-5608871, Fax. 03-5602205 e-mail:
[email protected] web site: http://www.adva.org 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Agents of Non-discriminatory Hiring Practices 6 Non-discriminatory Hiring Practices: Arab Citizens of Israel 11 Non-discriminatory Hiring Practices: Ethiopian Israelis 25 Non-discriminatory Hiring Practices: Immigrants from Bukhara and the Caucasus 35 Non-discrimination and Affirmative Action in Israeli Law 35 Best Practices and Recommendations 39 References 48 Appendices: Appendix 1: Countrywide and Regional Organizations Encouraging Non-discriminatory Hiring Practices, by Target Population 52 Appendix 2: Non-discriminatory Hiring Initiatives Undertaken by Government 80 Appendix 3: Non-discriminatory Hiring Initiatives Undertaken by the Business Sector 86 THIS IS A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE ADVA CENTER TO THE COMMISSION ON THE JEWISH PEOPLE, UJA FEDERATION OF NEW YORK. 2 INTRODUCTION The present report examines the main actions taken in the labor market whose effect can be described as "non-discriminatory hiring practices" and "affirmative action," with regard to three social groups whose status in the Israeli work force is especially vulnerable: Arab citizens of Israel, Ethiopian Israelis, and new immigrants from Bukhara and the Caucasus. For the purposes of this report, we define "non-discriminatory hiring practices " as any activity designed to improve the employment opportunities of a special group: increasing representation in different sectors of the economy, improving representation in managerial positions, increasing wages and promoting employability.