DOCSLIB.ORG

The Innovation of Low-Cost Drip Irrigation Technology in Zambia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Innovation of Low-Cost Drip Irrigation Technology in Zambia The Innovation of Low-Cost Drip Irrigation Technology in Zambia A study of the development of drip by International Development Enterprises and smallholder farmers MSc. Thesis by Obed Kofi Tuabu September, 2012 Irrigation and Water Engineering Group i ii The Innovation of Low-Cost Drip Irrigation Technology in Zambia A study of the development of low-cost drip by International Development Enterprises and smallholder farmers Master thesis Irrigation and Water Engineering submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science in International Land and Water Management at Wageningen University, the Netherlands Obed Kofi Tuabu September 2012 Supervisors: Dr.ir. G.J. Veldwisch Ir. S. van der Kooij Irrigation and Water Engineering Group Wageningen University The Netherlands www.iwe.wur.nl/uk iii iv Content Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... x List of Abreviations ................................................................................................................. xii Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. xiii Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 International Development Enterprises ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 IDE Zambia ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Micro Irrigation Technology Development by IDE Zambia ......................................................... 3 1.5 Low –Cost Treadle Pumps ............................................................................................................ 4 1.6 Low-cost Micro Drip Irrigation technology .................................................................................. 5 1.7 KB Easy Drip Irrigation technology .............................................................................................. 5 1.8 MIT promotion, challenges and evaluation. .................................................................................. 6 1.9 The research ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.10 Outline of thesis ........................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2. Theories and Concepts ............................................................................................. 9 2.1 Constructivists perspective ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Social-technical approach ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2.1 Social construction of technology theory ............................................................................. 10 2.2.3 Actor-network theory (ANT) ................................................................................................ 11 2.2.4 Systems of innovation (SI) approach .................................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Socio-technical systems (ST-systems) ................................................................................. 12 2.3 Concepts definition ...................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.2 Bricolage ............................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Over-the-wall ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.4 Research problem ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.4.1Research objectives ............................................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 Research questions ............................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 3. Methodology .......................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.2 Research design ........................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Research approach ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Research Domains ................................................................................................................ 17 3.2.3 Research methods and techniques ........................................................................................ 18 3.4 Limitations ................................................................................................................................... 22 3.5 Analysis, evaluation and presentation of research findings ........................................................ 23 4.1 IDE project design ....................................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 PRISM .................................................................................................................................. 24 v 4.2 IDE Zambia Project Phases ......................................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 In the beginning .................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 Smallholder Market Creation Project (2003 – 2005)............................................................ 32 4.2.2 Rural Prosperity Initiative (RPI) Projects (2006 – 2010 : 2011 → ) ................................... 32 4.3 Development of the treadle pump ............................................................................................... 35 4.4 Development of the low-cost drip ............................................................................................... 38 Note some terminologies ................................................................................................................... 41 4.5 The Supply chain ......................................................................................................................... 41 4.6 Promotion and sale ...................................................................................................................... 45 Promotional messages on drip kits ................................................................................................ 46 Supply chain actors ........................................................................................................................ 47 4.6.2 Farmer identification and group formation .............................................................................. 49 4.6.3 Crop Selection and Training ..................................................................................................... 49 4.6.4 MIT sale and financing ............................................................................................................. 50 Micro Finance Loans ..................................................................................................................... 50 Cash crops ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Other sources ................................................................................................................................. 50 4.7 Market Linkages ................................................................................................................ 51 4.8 Project evaluation and learning. ........................................................................................ 53 4.8.1 Development of micro irrigation technologies ..................................................................... 53 4.8.2 The Farm Business Advisor (FBA) ...................................................................................... 56 Roles and incentives of the FBA ................................................................................................... 57 Brokering ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 5. The Farmer domain ................................................................................................ 60 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Creole Technologies and Global Histories: Rethinking How Things Travel in Space and Time
    Creole technologies and global histories: rethinking how things travel in space and time By David Edgerton* The Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano once wrote: ‘la diosa tecnología no habla español’ [the Goddess Techno- logy does not speak Spanish].1 Indeed historians of techno- logy in many parts of the world are told the equivalent. Most of us, it is claimed, don’t speak technology; don’t have technology to speak of.2 As I have argued elsewhere, in order to be able to write a history of technology which is both global and historical, and which engages directly with more * Imperial College London. I am most grateful to participants at the Lisbon workshop on “The Circulation of Science and Technology: Places Travels and Landscapes” for their comments, as well as to Waqar Zaidi, anonymous referees, Tiago Saraiva, and especially to Eric Schatzberg. 1 Eduardo Galeano, Las Venas abiertas de America Latina (Buenos Aires/México, D. F.: Siglo XXI, 1978), first published 1971, p. 381. 2 This point has been made to me by many colleagues from around the world, and also by an American historian of technology, Pauline Kusiak, who noted that in Senegal, the Senegalese were astonished to find her studying ‘technology’ in their country. HoST, 2007, 1: 75-112 HoST , Vol.1, Summer 2007 than a tiny minority of white males, we need to break the unfortunate association, indeed conflation, that exists between invention and innovation on the one hand, and technology on the other. 3 In this paper, which draws on a chapter in a forthcoming book, I focus on twentieth-century horse transport in the rich world, and explore the new technologies of the poor world, and especially of its megacities.4 By looking at these cases I show the continued vitality of what is taken to be a technology of previous centuries, and demonstrate how its twentieth growth and survival cannot be understood as persistence.
    [Show full text]
  • California Assessment of Wood Business Innovation Opportunities and Markets (CAWBIOM)
    California Assessment of Wood Business Innovation Opportunities and Markets (CAWBIOM) Phase I Report: Initial Screening of Potential Business Opportunities Completed for: The National Forest Foundation June 2015 CALIFORNIA ASSESSMENT OF WOOD BUSINESS INNOVATION OPPORTUNITIES AND MARKETS (CAWBIOM) PHASE 1 REPORT: INITIAL SCREENING OF POTENTIAL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES PHASE 1 REPORT JUNE 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 1 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Interim Report – brief Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 California’s Forest Products Industry ............................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Top Technologies .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.3 Next Steps ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Interim Report – Expanded Summary .............................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 California Forest Industry Infrastructure .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Kingsdoms Ancient Adversaries
    Ancient Adversaries Instruction Manual Copyright Notice Copyright © 1997, 1998 Enlight Software and Interactive Magic. All rights reserved. This manual and the computer programs on the accompanying CD- ROM are copyrighted and contain proprietary information. No one may give or sell copies of this manual or the accompanying CD or other works of Interactive Magic, Inc., to any person or institution, except as provided for by written agreement with the copyright holder. Disassembly, reverse compilation and any other form of reverse engineering of the programs on the CD are unauthorized. No one may copy, photocopy, reproduce, translate this manual, or reduce it to machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without prior written consent of the copyright holder. Any person/persons reproducing any portion of this program, in any media, for any reason, shall be guilty of copyright violation and criminal liability as provided by law, and shall be subject to civil liability at the discretion of the copyright holder. Limited Warranty Interactive Magic warrants that the CD-ROM on which the enclosed program is recorder will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 60 days from the date of purchase. If within 60 days of purchase the CD proves defective in any way, you may return the CD to Interactive magic, 140 South Center Court, Suite 800, Morrisville, NC, 27560, and Interactive Magic will replace the disk free of charge. INTERACTIVE MAGIC MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE CD OR THE SOFT- WARE PROGRAM RECORDED ON THE CD OR THE GAME DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL, THEIR QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
    [Show full text]
  • Technologies to Support Climate Change Adaptation in Developing Asia
    TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPORT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING ASIA ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPORT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK i © 2014 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published in 2014. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9254-803-2 (Print), 978-92-9254-804-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT146982-3 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Technologies to support climate change adaptation. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2014. 1. Climate Change Adaptation2. Climate Change Technology in Asia and the Pacific3. Climate Change Impacts I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the Asian Development Bank in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 3.1 Introduction to Technology Student Support Material
    Community Development Strand Unit 3: Technology Module 3.1 Introduction to Technology Student Support Material ii Module 3.1 Introduction to Technology Acknowledgements Materials compiled and edited by Michael Riach, with assistance from the Community Development team: Peter Mann – Madang Teachers College Martin Surab – Balob Teachers College Demus Dudawega – Gaulim Teachers College Habia Babe – Dauli Teachers College Kevin Varpit – Kabaleo Teachers College Nick Luba – St Benedict’s Teachers College Peter Dupai – Holy Trinity Teachers College Simon Pukari – PNGEI Layout and diagrams supported by Nick Lauer. PASTEP Primary and Secondary Teacher Education Project Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) GRM International Papua New Guinea-Australia Development Cooperation Program Student Support Material Module 3.1 Introduction to Technology iii Unit outline Unit # Modules 3.1 Introduction to Technology (Core) Unit 3 Technology 3.2 Practical Applications 3 Credit Points (Core) Icons & Read or research @ Write or summarise F Activity or discussion Student Support Material iv Module 3.1 Introduction to Technology Table of contents Module 3.1: Introduction to Technology.....................................................................1 Rationale ........................................................................................................................1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................1 Suggested topics ...........................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Mobile Website for the Worcester Art Museum
    Development of a Mobile Website for the Worcester Art Museum This is an IQP report submitted to the faculty of WPI in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Science Degree: Jeffrey Forgeng, Worcester Art Museum Curator Professor Scott Jiusto, WPI Professor Professor Creighton Peet, WPI Professor Worcester Community Project Center By Peter Emidy Sean Gillis Spencer Herrington Ty Moquin May 1st, 2018 Visit the Project Website at: http://wp.wpi.edu/wcpc/projects/projects-by-term/spring- 2018/wam-mobile/ This report represents the work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its website without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, please see http://www.wpi.edu/academics/ugradstudies/project-learning.html Abstract 1 Executive Summary 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 2: Background Information 7 2.1 Visitor Engagement In Museums 7 2.2 Curatorial Design 12 2.3 Interpretive Technology 13 2.4 Worcester Art Museum 19 Chapter 3: Methodology 22 3.1 Documentation of Interpretive Technologies 22 3.2 Brainstorming of Interpretive Technologies 23 3.3 Interviewing Curators and Staff 24 3.4 Presentation of Technology Options 25 3.5 Prototyping Technology 25 3.6 Developing and Implementing Technology 25 Chapter 4: Major Project Outcomes 26 4.1 WAM Mobile Website 26 4.2 Tools for Web Development and Promotion 31 4.3 Developmental Process and Results 32 4.4 Recommendations for Future Web Development 37 References 39 Appendix A: Curator Interview Plan 43 Appendix B: List of App Features and Descriptions 44 Appendix C: Technology Rubric Details 47 Page | i Abstract The Worcester Art Museum is looking to deploy interpretive technologies within galleries to increase visitor engagement throughout the museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Please Click Here for a Presentation on the Management of Technology
    MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Presentation By Dr. Robert Finkelstein Collegiate Professor [email protected] Based On: Customized Management of Technology by Tarek Khalil (With Additional Information By R. Finkelstein) TECHNOLOGY: A DEFINITION Technology: The totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort Consists of products and processes Encompasses technical and managerial knowledge which is embodied in physical and human capital and is published and transmitted in various ways Ignored as a key production factor (like land, labor, and capital) until recently Can be ascribed to tool-using non- human organisms or entities as well (e.g., chimpanzees or aliens from the planet Glarfnex) TECHNOLOGY: MOST IMPORTANT The most important technological artifact in human history was among the first – the flint cutting tool used by Homo habilis (c. 2,500,000 BCE) These essential tools allowed relatively puny humans (who were more scavengers than hunters) to rapidly cut, detach, and carry away meat from carcasses before more formidable predators and scavengers arrived Allowed tiny numbers of humans to survive High-protein diet allowed larger brain to evolve EARLIEST TECHNOLOGY 2,600,000 BCE: oldest known stone tools (sharp-edged flakes, flake fragments, and cores), Ethiopia 1,000,000 BCE: hand axes replace simpler chopping tools, Africa 460,000 BCE: earliest known use of fire, China (although hominids may have learned to control fire more than 1,000,000 BCE) 380,000
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Frontier Technologies for International Development
    Foreword by Sir Tim bernerS-Lee Ten Frontier Technologies for international development Ben Ramalingam, Kevin Hernandez, Pedro Prieto Martin and Becky Faith India, Rajasthan Kamla, age 33, is rajasthan’s first female solar engineer. Starting her education at age 11 in night school, while carrying on with her domestic and farm work, she went on to study solar technology and now runs a rural field station fabricating solar home lighting systems and solar lanterns. despite her humble background she has travelled to delhi to speak at national Conferences on solar technology. Here, Kamla works on solar batteries connected to roof panels. Credit robert wallis – Panos 2 bACK To ConTenTS Ten Frontier Technologies for international development Ben Ramalingam, Kevin Hernandez, Pedro Prieto Martin and Becky Faith November 2016 Ten Frontier Technologies for International Development Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This report greatly benefited from the support and guidance of the steering group, consisting of Steven Hunt, Tamara Giltsoff, Annette D’Oyly, Magdalena Banasiak and Marco Pittalis. Thanks are also due to all of the above for comments and feedback on early drafts of this report. Detailed peer review feedback and comments were gratefully received from John Bessant and Steven Hunt (overall report), Charlie Paton (solar desalination), Daniel Ronen and Anum Ahmed (UAVs), Chris Daniels (airships), Eric Kasper, David Howey and Christopher Baker-Brian (household-scale batteries), Maxime Bayen (collaborative economy), Matt Houlihan and John Garritty (internet of things), Field Ready (3D printing), Lars Otto Naess (smog-reducing technologies) and Nigel Snoad (alternative internet delivery). Numerous DFID staff and experts were consulted during the course of writing this report, and participated in the June 2016 workshop in DFID Whitehall.
    [Show full text]
  • “Smart” Irrigation Controller Programs
    EVALUATION OF CALIFORNIA WEATHER-BASED “SMART” IRRIGATION CONTROLLER PROGRAMS Presented to the California Department of Water Resources By The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and The East Bay Municipal Utility District Proposition 13 Urban Water Conservation Outlay Grant Agreements 4600003098 and 4600003099 July 1, 2009 Facilitated by: California Urban Water Conservation Council Prepared by: Peter Mayer, William DeOreo, Matt Hayden, and Renee Davis Aquacraft, Inc., Water Engineering and Management Erin Caldwell and Tom Miller National Research Center, Inc. Dr. Peter J. Bickel Evaluation of California WBIC Programs 6/30/2009 Aquacraft, Inc. Water Engineering and Management Evaluation of California WBIC Programs 7/1/2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWARD.............................................................................................................................................................. IX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... XI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................XIII INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................1 PURPOSE OF REPORT .................................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Defining a Brave New Field
    Defining a Brave New Field: Technology and the Protection of Civilians in Conflict This is an independent report prepared for the International Peace Institute (IPI) Acknowledgements The Capstone team would like to thank all those who have guided and supported us throughout the Spring 2019 semester and who have shared their valuable knowledge and expertise. First and foremost, we would like to thank our SIPA faculty advisor, Professor Walter Miller, for his invaluable advice and guidance. We would also like to thank the staff of the International Peace Institute, especially Daniel Forti, for his feedback and for continuing to challenge us throughout the semester. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to those who permitted us to interview them as their ideas and experience were crucial along the way to our final project. This report, manual, and mapping document is the final deliverables of the Capstone project led by graduate students at the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University. Table of Contents GLOSSARY 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 9 CONTEXT 11 METHODOLOGY 12 SECURITY 14 Data Collection, Sharing, and Analysis 15 Incident Reporting 15 Data Collection for Conflict Prevention & Self-Protection Strategies 17 Social Media: Sharing Safety Status 18 Early Warning and Response Systems 19 Remote Sensors: Satellite Imagery and Acoustic Sensors 19 Crisis Mapping 21 Crisis Mapping for Visualizing Security Threats 23 Base Map Editing for Creating Detailed Local Maps 24 Cooperation Structure Needed
    [Show full text]
  • The Militarily Critical Technologies List Part II: WEAPONS of MASS DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
    Department of Defense The Militarily Critical Technologies List Part II: WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES February 1998 Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology Washington, D.C. THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION AND TECHNOLOGY The Department of Defense welcomes comments on this publication. Refer comments to the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (International and Commercial Programs) FAX: (703) 931-7792 E-Mail: [email protected] MCTL Internet Home Page: http://www.dtic.mil/mctl TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT : Government Agencies and Their Contractors—Contact: General Public—Contact: DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE Mail Requests: Attn: DTIC-BRR Mail Requests: National Technical Information Service Defense Technical Information Center 5285 Port Royal Road 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944 Springfield, VA 22161 Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6218 Telephone Requests: (703) 767-8274/DSN 427-8274 Telephone Requests: (703) 487-4650 FAX Requests: (703) 767-9070/DSN 427-9070 FAX Requests: (703) 321-8547 E-Mail Requests: [email protected] E-Mail Requests: [email protected] URL Address: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/docorderform.html URL Address: http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis/ordering (The order number for this document at DTIC and NTIS is: ADA 330102) PREFACE A. THE MCTL The MCTL is not an export control list. The Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) is a detailed and struc- • There may be items in the MCTL that are not on an export control list. tured compendium of the technologies DoD assesses as critical to maintaining • There may be items on an export control list that are not in the MCTL.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying, Developing, and Adopting Technologies Appropriate for Rural Development with Applications to Huari Province in Peru Mark Alan Lund Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1975 Identifying, developing, and adopting technologies appropriate for rural development with applications to Huari Province in Peru Mark Alan Lund Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, and the Agricultural Economics Commons Recommended Citation Lund, Mark Alan, "Identifying, developing, and adopting technologies appropriate for rural development with applications to Huari Province in Peru" (1975). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5788. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5788 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity.
    [Show full text]